The diploma dissertation deals with description and division of technologies of coal storage yards. A content of it is classification of individual storages thoroughly divided according to their feature. It introduces with measuring equipment used while solving diploma dissertation. Is incorporated herein by a description of the PLC including a description of each associated modules. Further there is clearly mentioned specification of needed data that is necessary to scan for control system of the storage. Within the diploma dissertation was created electrical system documentation data of collection control systems for longitudinal landfill with two universal machines.

Dans ce travail de thèse, un aperçu général sur les systèmes PON est présenté et sont étudiés les mécanismes et classification PON existants. Après, nous introduisons notre première contribution qui est un algorithme d'allocation dynamique de bande passante pour EPON. Cet algorithme proposé est désigné comme «hcDBA». Par la suite, une amélioration de l'algorithme de hcDBA avec mécanisme de prédiction précoce est présentée. Notre simulation montre bien que notre algorithme hcDBA est performant comparé aux mécanismes existants en termes de taux de perte de paquets et de délai d’accès. Dans notre seconde contribution, nous sommes intéressés au problème de consommation d’énergie qui est un sujet d’actualité dans les réseaux de télécommunication. Les études montrent aujourd’hui que les réseaux d'accès constituent une partie remarquable de la consommation totale d'énergie dans les réseaux de télécommunication. Les organisations ITU-T et IEEE ont publié la recommandation pour la conversation de l'énergie pour les réseaux PONs. Bien que, la consommation totale d'énergie des nœuds ONU est plus importantes que d'autres équipements dans le réseau d'accès fixe, les normes et la plupart des travaux de recherches ont porté sur les économies d'énergie du côté de ONU. Dans cette thèse, nous sommes concentrés sur une méthode d'efficacité énergétique basée sur la conservation de l'énergie du côté de l’OLT. La méthode proposée permet d’économiser de l'énergie en déplaçant dynamiquement des cartes d’OLT en mode de sommeil profond en fonction des charges de trafic entrant et sortant / In this thesis, general overview about PON systems is presented and existing PON mechanisms and classification are investigated. After, a novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON is introduced. This proposed algorithm is named as “Half Cycling Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation-hcDBA” by the inspiration of its half cycling processing mode. Later, an improvement of hcDBA algorithm with early prediction mechanism is presented. As a result statement of the study, hcDBA algorithm performs better than existing mechanism in terms of packet loss ratio and access delays. Beside, simulation traffic behavior of EPON’s upstream channel has been investigated in order to support the decision of selecting suitable traffic generator in further studies. Energy conversation is one of the hot topics in telecommunication networks. Access networks constitute remarkable portion of the total energy consumption in telecommunication networks. ITU-T and IEEE organizations published recommendation for energy conversation in PONs. While, total energy consumption of ONUs is more than other equipment in fix access network the standards and most of the researches focused on saving energy at ONU side. In this thesis I focused on an energy efficiency method based on energy conversation on OLT side. The proposed method save energy by dynamically moving OLT cards to deep sleep mode according to the incoming and outgoing traffic loads

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) are the preferred converter solution in flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) applications. This is due to the high quality of the voltage and current signals, lower overall losses, and fewer problems with switching-related EMI. However, without an efficient and fast data recording system, the sampled data from current and voltage measurement boards can cause long latencies in the control system and make it difficult to analyze the operation of MMCs. In this thesis, a filed programmable gate array (FPGA)-based closed-loop control, and a high-speed data recording system is developed for a low-power singlephase MMC prototype. In the prototype, a data-transmission scheme based on the RS485 (TIA/EIA- 485) standard exists. This protocol offers a robust solution for transmitting data over noisy environments. A direct memory access (DMA) scheme is utilized to transmit sampled data from the programmable logic (PL) to the processing subsystem (PS) in the Zynq-7000 SOC. Moreover, an asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) mechanism was implemented on the two processor cores in the PS. The first processor controls the power transmission to and from the power grid, and the second processor runs the ethernet application to transmit sampled data to the computer using MATLAB. For the closed-loop control of this MMC prototype, a phase-locked loop (PLL), a proportional resonant (PR) current controller, and an energy control loop for capacitor voltage balancing and control are implemented. The results showed that the output power of this single-phase MMC prototype is under control and each sub-module capacitor voltage is balanced and charged to the desired value. The sampled data can be recorded from the computer through the implemented data recording system at 25.6Mbps. Moreover, a dynamic oscilloscope function is developed in MATLAB using this online data recording scheme. / Modulära multilevel-omvandlare (MMC) är den föredragna omvandlarlösningen i flexibla växelströmstransmissionssystem (FACTS) och applikationer med högspänningslikström (HVDC). Detta beror på den höga kvaliteten på spännings- och strömsignalerna, lägre totala förluster och färre problem med omkopplingsrelaterad EMI. Utan ett effektivt och snabbt dataregistreringssystem kan dock samplade data från ström- och spänningsmätkort orsaka långa latenser i styrsystemet och göra det svårt att analysera driften av MMC:er. I denna avhandling utvecklas en FPGA-baserad styrning med sluten slinga och ett höghastighetsdataregistreringssystem för en lågeffekts enfas MMCprototyp. I prototypen finns ett dataöverföringssystem baserat på standarden RS485 (TIA/EIA-485). Detta protokoll erbjuder en robust lösning för att överföra data över bullriga miljöer. Ett schema för direkt minnesåtkomst (DMA) används för att överföra samplade data från den programmerbara logiken (PL) till bearbetningsundersystemet (PS) i Zynq-7000 SOC. Dessutom implementerades en asymmetrisk multiprocessing (AMP)-mekanism på de två processorkärnorna i PS. Den första processorn styr kraftöverföringen till och från elnätet, och den andra processorn kör ethernetapplikationen för att överföra samplade data till datorn med MATLAB. För styrning med sluten slinga av denna MMC-prototyp implementeras en faslåst slinga (PLL), en proportionell resonansströmkontroller (PR) och en energikontrollslinga för balansering och kontroll av kondensatorspänning. Resultaten visade att uteffekten från denna enfasiga MMC-prototyp är under kontroll och varje undermoduls kondensatorspänning är balanserad och laddad till önskat värde. Samplade data kan spelas in från datorn genom det implementerade dataregistreringssystemet vid 25,6 Mbps. Dessutom utvecklas en dynamisk oscilloskopfunktion i MATLAB med hjälp av detta onlinedataregistreringsschema.

AstraZeneca är ett medicinskt företag lokaliserat i Södertälje som har cirka 900 luftfilterboxar hos sin anläggning i Gärtuna. Dessa filterboxar kan vara opraktiska att hålla koll på eftersom de är utspridda uppe på vindarna, samt att det behövs bra framförhållning vid filterbyten eftersom vissa filter innehåller farliga ämnen. Filterboxar är utrustade med analoga tryckmätare vilket innebär att det kan bli omständigt för personalen att övervaka filtrets tryckfall. Målet med det här examensarbetet är att hitta en digital lösning som underlättar övervakningen av tryckfall över filter i realtid, samt informerar via sms eller mejl när det är dags att planera in filterbyte. Visionen är att det ska bli enklare att få en bild över luftfiltrets underhållsmässiga skick. Genom att jämföra olika produkter och delta i regelbundna möten med IT kunnig personal valdes en lämplig produkt. Projektet har arbetat metodiskt och strukturerat genom att följa projektmodellen projekt case där verktygen GANTT-schema, SWOT-analys, FMEA och maxiriskmetoden har använts. Projektet resulterade i användningen av digitala differentialtryckgivare som mäter tryckfallet över filter. Differentialtryckgivaren samlar data som sedan skickas via radiofrekvens till en Ethernet gateway som är trådad in till AstraZenecas segregerade nätverk så kallat FAB-net. Därefter förs datan från ethernet gatewayen till mjukvara. I mjukvaran kommer AstraZenecas filtergrupp kunna se över tryckfall hos de olika filtrena i filterboxarna. Detta kommer underlätta personalens arbete och eventuellt spara AstraZeneca tid och pengar. / AstraZeneca is a medical company located in Södertälje that has around 900 air filter boxes at its facility in Gärtuna. These filter boxes can be impractical to keep track of as they are scattered up in the attics and good foresight is needed for multiple filter changes as some filters contain harmful substances. Filter boxes are equipped with analog pressure gauges, which means that there is a lot of walking for the staff in order to monitor the filter's pressure drop. The goal of this thesis is to find a digital solution that can facilitate the monitoring of pressure drops across filters in real time and that also informs by text message or email when it is time to schedule a filter change. The vision is that it will be easier to get a digital image of the maintenance condition of the air filter. By comparing different products and participating in regular meetings with AstraZeneca's IT personnel, a suitable product was chosen. The project has worked methodically and structured by following the project model project case where tools such as GANTT chart, SWOT analysis, FMEA and maxirisk method have been used. The project resulted in the use of digital differential pressure sensors that measure the pressure drop across filters. The differential pressure sensor collects data which is then sent by radio frequency to an ethernet gateway which is wired into AstraZeneca's segregated network called FAB-net. The data is then transferred from the ethernet gateway to the software. AstraZeneca's filter group will be able to review the pressure drop of the various filters within the software, which will facilitate their way of working and potentially save AstraZeneca time and money.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / The Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program (CTEIP) Integrated Network Enhanced Telemetry (iNET) program is currently testing networked telemetry transceivers (IP.TM-Tx/Rx) using the Internet Protocol (IP), for use in telemetry (TM) channels. A unique characteristic of networked telemetry channel is packet drops due to radio frequency (RF) signal dynamics, i.e., terrain, weather, aircraft attitude, manmade objects, etc.. One of the key measures of the IP.TMTx/ Rx is reliability is link availability (LA), and a key element of LA is time to resynchronize after RF link loss.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p>The purpose of this project is to develop a modular processor card which is intended to work as a platform for Kitron Development Karlskoga. The modular processor card is meant to be used as a control system in development projects, mainly in medical and industrial products. The processor card will consist of a central unit with the basic functions for a control system. Furthermore there will be complete modules with machine commodity and programming, to pick exactly the necessary functions for a specific application.</p><p> </p><p>With consideration to the specification of the development and the main unit, I chose an adequate microprocessor (AT90CAN32) as core and interface circuits to stated border areas.</p><p> </p><p>The construction is first completed in the program MultiSim and then remade in the program OrCAD Capture. The programming language C was used in the software model. Then a layout was created in the program Ultiboard.</p><p> </p><p>The project has resulted in the manufacture of a pattern card that can manage I/O units, such as D/A-converter, keyboard, display and serial port RS-232. The purpose was that the units should communicate with the processor. The application decides what the main unit is used for.</p><p> </p><p>The D/A-converter was governed through SPI commands and the result was shown on an instrument (voltage). With the keyboard I was able to write digits to the processor and the result was shown on the display. The keyboard was used to send digits to the processor and was then sent through RS-232 to the PC. In the PC, a terminal program was used to receive digits.</p><p> </p><p>A general platform has been developed through this project, where you can choose which functions you wish to use (see the building block in figure no.1).</p> / <p> </p><p><strong>Sammanfattning</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p>Projektets syfte var att utveckla ett modulärt uppbyggt processorkort som är tänkt att fungera som en plattform för Kitron Development Karlskoga i utvecklingsprojekt av ett kontrollsystem främst i medicin- och industriprodukter. Processorkortet skall bestå av en kärna med de grundläggande funktionerna för ett kontrollsystem. Sedan skall det finnas färdiga moduler, maskinvaru- och programvarumässigt, att plocka in för att få just de funktioner man behöver för en speciell applikation.</p><p> </p><p>Med avseende på utvecklingsspecifikationen och definitionen av huvudenheten valde jag en lämplig mikroprocessor (AT90CAN32) som kärna och interfacekretsar till angivna gränsytor.</p><p> </p><p>Konstruktionen genomfördes först i programmet MultiSim och ritades sedan om i programmet OrCAD Capture. Till mjukvarudelen användes programmeringsspråket C. Sedan skapades layouten i programmet Ultiboard.</p><p> </p><p>Projektet har resulterat i att ett mönsterkort har tillverkats som kan hantera I/O-enheter, t.ex. D/A-omvandlare, tangentbord, display och serieporten RS-232. Dessa enheter skulle kommunicera med processorn. Applikationen avgör vad enheten skall användas till.</p><p> </p><p>D/A-omvandlaren styrdes via SPI-kommando och resultatet avlästes på en voltmeter. Med hjälp av tangentbordet kunde jag skriva tecken som skickades till processorn, varifrån resultatet sändes vidare och blev synligt på displayen. Ett tangentbord användes för att skicka tecken till processorn som sände dessa vidare via RS-232 till en PC. I PC:n  används ett terminalprogram för att ta emot tecken.</p><p> </p><p>Genom projektet har en generell plattform tagits fram där man kan välja de funktioner man önskar (se byggblocket i figur 1).</p>

The Dynamic Distributed Dependable Real-Time Industrial communication Protocol (D3RIP) provides service guarantees for Real-Time traffic and integrates the dynamically changing requirements of automation applications in their operation to efficiently utilize the resources. The protocol dynamically allocates the network resources according to the respective system state. To this end, the protocol architecture consists of an Interface Layer that provides time-slotted operation and a Coordination Layer that assigns each time slot to a unique transmitter device based on a distributed computation. In this thesis, a software simulator for D3RIP is developed. Using the D3RIP Simulator, modifications in D3RIP can be easily examined without facing complexities in real implementations and extensive effort in terms of time and cost. The simulator simulates the Interface Layer, the Coordination Layer and additionally, the Shared Medium. Hence, using the simulator, the system-protocol couple can be easily analyzed, tested and further improvements on D3RIP can be achieved with the least amount of effort. The simulator implements the Timed Input Output Automata (TIOA) models of the D3RIP stack components using C++. The resulting code is compiled on GCC (Gnu Compiler Collection). The logs of the simulation runs and the real system with 2 devices connected via cross 100MbE cables are compared. In a 3ms time slot, the simulator and the system incidents differ about 135&micro / s on the average, causing no asynchronousity in their instantaneous operational states. The D3RIP Simulator is useful in keeping track of any variable in the D3RIP system automaton at any instant up to 1&micro / s resolution.

This work shows and implements possibilities of OSI Layer-2 Network Topology Discovery based on information from Cisco Discovery Protocol, Spanning Tree Protocol and Switches' Filtering Databases. / Diese Arbeit zeigt und implementiert Möglichkeiten zur OSI Layer-2 Netzwerk Topologie Erkennung basierend auf Informationen des Cisco Discovery Protocol, Spanning Tree Protocol und Switch Filter Datenbanken.

This report describes a thesis work carried out at ABB Robotics in Västerås. The objective of this thesis is to find technologies  and equipments  for wireless data transfer  suitable for the present and future needs of ABB Robotics Remote Service for large installations in industrial environments. ABB Robotics has a Remote Service solution to securely gather information from robots, manage alarms and potentially execute remote commands by ABB Robotics. This solution consists of an intelligent Service  Box plugged to the robot. This  Service Box is also connected through GPRS or directly through Internet to create a secure VPN connection to a central Remote Service  server. The Remote Service Box is well  suited  for small customers with  1-10 robots with plug  and play installation, but show limitations at a larger scale of deployment  due to equipment costs,  network and installation complexity. A new Service Box is planned that will accommodate future added functionality to Remote Service. This Service Box will require new network solutions as the added functionality  is depending on a higher bandwidth than the GPRS networks can deliver. I have surveyed most existing  wireless  networking technologies  and  analyzed  them  withrespect  to function, cost and availability which provide a knowledge base that makes it possible to find  suitable  solutions. When the most suitable technologies are identified a survey was performed to find equipments that meet the requirements at the lowest cost. A new hierarchical network topology is proposed  that will lead to cost savings by replacing multiple WAN connections in the present solution with  a network switch and  single WAN connection to Internet. As manufacturers of network equipments for industrial environments are relatively few, alternative solutions were also investigated in order to find the most cost effective solutions. The  proposed  network topology together with the data from the surveys lead to recommendations on using Wi-Fi  in the wireless LAN and  a  3G mobile  network for the WAN connection to Internet, as well as recommendations on alternative network equipments that  potentially  can  lead to substantial savings when the new network solutions are implemented.

Tato práce se zabývá analyzováním IEEE 802.1Q standardu TSN skupiny a návrhem testovacího modulu. Testovací modul je napsán v jazyku VHDL a je možné jej implementovat do Intel Stratix® V GX FPGA (5SGXEA7N2F45C2) vývojové desky. Standard IEEE 802.1Q (TSN) definuje deterministickou komunikace přes Ethernet sít, v reálném čase, požíváním globálního času a správným rozvrhem vysíláním a příjmem zpráv. Hlavní funkce tohoto standardu jsou: časová synchronizace, plánování provozu a konfigurace sítě. Každá z těchto funkcí je definovaná pomocí více různých podskupin tohoto standardu. Podle definice IEEE 802.1Q standardu je možno tyto podskupiny vzájemně libovolně kombinovat. Některé podskupiny standardu nemohou fungovat nezávisle, musí využívat funkce jiných podskupin standardu. Realizace funkce podskupin standardu je možná softwarově, hardwarově, nebo jejich kombinací. Na základě výše uvedených fakt, implementace podskupin standardu, které jsou softwarově související, byly vyloučené. Taky byly vyloučené podskupiny standardů, které jsou závislé na jiných podskupinách. IEEE 802.1Qbu byl vybrán jako vhodná část pro realizaci hardwarového testu. Různé způsoby testování byly vysvětleny jako DFT, BIST, ATPG a další jiné techniky. Pro hardwarové testování byla vybrána „Protocol Aware (PA)“technika, protože tato technika zrychluje testování, dovoluje opakovanou použitelnost a taky zkracuje dobu uvedení na trh. Testovací modul se skládá ze dvou objektů (generátor a monitor), které mají implementovanou IEEE 802.1Qbu podskupinu standardu. Funkce generátoru je vygenerovat náhodné nebo nenáhodné impulzy a potom je poslat do testovaného zařízeni ve správném definovaném protokolu. Funkce monitoru je přijat ethernet rámce a ověřit jejich správnost. Objekty jsou navrhnuty stejným způsobem na „TOP“úrovni a skládají se ze čtyř modulů: Avalon MM rozhraní, dvou šablon a jednoho portu. Avalon MM rozhraní bylo vytvořeno pro komunikaci softwaru s hardwarem. Tento modul přijme pakety ze softwaru a potom je dekóduje podle definovaného protokolu a „pod-protokolu “. „Pod-protokol“se skládá z příkazu a hodnoty daného příkazu. Podle dekódovaného příkazu a hodnot daných příkazem je kontrolovaný celý objekt. Šablona se používá na generování nebo ověřování náhodných nebo nenáhodných dat. Dvě šablony byly implementovány pro expresní ověřování nebo preempční transakce, definované IEEE 802.1Qbu. Porty byly vytvořené pro komunikaci mezi testovaným zařízením a šablonou podle daného standardu. Port „generátor“má za úkol vybrat a vyslat rámce podle priority a času vysílaní. Port „monitor“přijme rámce do „content-addressable memory”, která ověřuje priority rámce a podle toho je posílá do správné šablony. Výsledky prokázaly, že tato testovací technika dosahuje vysoké rychlosti a rychlé implementace.