Communitarianism and harmony ideology have their proponents and critics, particularly as viewed through the lens of conciliation-based dispute resolution. Both features being prominent in the Tibetan Diaspora in India, I hypothesized that the strengths and weaknesses of these orientations could be assessed through the rationale behind the norms of social control operative in the community, and the efficiency and effectiveness of those norms in terms of voluntary compliance. I found that the informal Tibetan mechanisms for dispute resolution were effective and efficient in supporting Indian systems of law enforcement, while allowing a ritualistic affirmation of community. Contrary to proponents of legal centralism and court justice, I found that liberalist values underpinning litigative process were disruptive of social expectations, and had the potential to exacerbate rather than relieve social tensions. The harmony norms that predispose pro-social behavior within Tibetan settlements failed to protect the interests of community members, however, when the challenge came from local Indian groups operating on the basis of their own standards of particularistic allegiance. Legal ethnography best describes the methodology used for this research. Fieldwork drew on: 1) Interviews with twelve settlement officers whose mandate specifically includes mediation of disputes; 2) In-depth interviews with two disputants fighting cases before the Tibetan Supreme Justice Commission; and 3) Interviews with over 70 informants (including senior and mid-level exile government officials and settlement residents), together with archival material, to situate findings and verify interpretations. This research contributes a unique non-Western body of data in support of Law and Society scholars, such as Amitai Etzioni and Phillip Selznick, who have argued for devolution of law-like responsibilities to local levels where internalized norms are an everyday means of social control. It also argues against the pejorative interpretation of harmony ideology as depicted by legal centralists such as Laura Nader. By reframing harmony as a function of norm rationale, efficiency and effectiveness, the research offers new variables for assessing the costs and benefits of community. Finally, the Tibetan case studies provide an important comparative for cosmopolitan states that are debating how to accommodate diversity and legal pluralism.

A pesquisa analisa a aparição dos temas do exílio, dos exilados e dos banidos nos debates sobre a anistia, ocorridos entre outubro de 1978 e agosto de 1979, no jornal Folha de São Paulo. O processo de abertura política no final da ditadura civil-militar, expresso nas modificações na legislação, como por exemplo, na aprovação da nova Lei de Segurança Nacional, abriu novas perspectivas para os exilados retornarem ao Brasil, coincidindo com um momento em que o jornal estava reavaliando a sua postura editorial frente ao fortalecimento da sociedade civil. A Folha fez a cobertura das atividades realizadas no exílio debatendo a anistia, mas concedeu um espaço maior aos exilados mais conhecidos, como Leonel Brizola, Luís Carlos Prestes e Miguel Arraes. Os artigos e notícias registraram a movimentação dos exilados para reivindicar o acesso a documentos básicos, como o passaporte, e a insegurança, no retorno ao Brasil – ainda antes da anistia – quanto à reabertura de processos na justiça militar. Em termos gerais, a cobertura da Folha sobre os temas do exílio e da anistia, no contexto do final da ditadura civil-militar, reforçou a associação dessa medida com a pacificação e a reconciliação nacional. / The research analyzes the appearance of the themes of exile, exiles and banished in the debates on amnesty, which occurred between October 1978 and August 1979, in the newspaper Folha de São Paulo. The process of political opening at the end of the civil-military dictatorship, expressed in changes in legislation, such as the adoption of the new National Security Law, opened up new prospects for exiles to return to Brazil, coinciding with a time when the newspaper was re-evaluating its editorial position regarding the strengthening of civil society. Folha covered the activities carried out in exile debating the amnesty, but granted a larger space to the more well-known exiles, such as Leonel Brizola, Luís Carlos Prestes and Miguel Arraes. The articles and news reported the movement of exiles to claim access to basic documents, such as passports, and insecurity, on returning to Brazil – even before the amnesty – regarding the reopening of military justice proceedings. In general terms, Folha's coverage of the issues of exile and amnesty, in the context of the end of the civil-military dictatorship, reinforced the association of this measure with pacification and national reconciliation.

Le croisement entre communication et exil ne va pas de soi. L’exilé n’est-il pas en effet celui qui perd, par son arrachement communautaire, toute possibilité de communiquer : langue, repères sémantiques, amis et familles ? Cependant, il est également celui qui entre en relation avec une nouvelle culture et société. En s’intéressant au corpus des auteurs de la francophonie choisie d’Europe médiane de 1939 à nos jours, notre thèse a pour objectif de comprendre comment l’exilé peut entrer en relation au sein de la communauté de culture rejointe.Nous nous intéressons au discours littéraire et à la fonction-auteur, dans le sens foucaldien, afin d’étudier la façon dont, par la mise en récit de sa vie, l’exilé peut configurer un ethos apte à la relation. En faisant jouer l’opposition entre un visage pré-discursif des auteurs, marqué par le contrat de communication du témoignage, et leur volonté d’être reçus comme des artistes, nous proposons de s’intéresser à la façon dont ces voix d’Europe médiane viennent s’inscrire dans le dispositif littéraire français. Nous montrons alors que le discours de l’exilé est un discours souvent soumis au processus d’incommunication : sa voix est inaudible, soumise à un contrat de communication et en proie à des erreurs sémantiques.Nous proposons alors de considérer le récit l’exil sous l’intrigue du « héros de la liberté » comme étant une possibilité pour ces auteurs de gérer cette opposition entre régime de singularité et nécessité de disposer d’un ancrage au sein du champ littéraire nouveau.Dans un deuxième temps, nous questionnons cette possibilité qu’ont les auteurs de refuser le contrat de communication pré-discursif et nous introduisons le concept de « non-lieu » afin de penser un espace de communication qui ne serait plus relié avec le public de réception premier de ces œuvres. Face à cette menace, nous intéressons au processus de révérence-inclusion présent dans les œuvres. Par ce processus il s’agit de maitriser les marqueurs de l’espace discursif français afin de montrer au lecteur son inscription dans le champ. Les réemplois de ces marqueurs agissent comme des « discours constituants » et permettent alors de montrer l’appartenance de ce corpus à un même « cadre de l’expérience ».Enfin, nous interrogeons la possibilité de parler de cette littérature comme étant assimilée. Par l’opposition entre assimilation structurelle et culturelle, nous émettons l’hypothèse que cette littérature n’est pas réellement assimilée, et que la conscience de cette intégration complexe amène les auteurs à retravailler leur positionnement discursif. Aussi, la mise en mémoire du soviétisme permet à ces auteurs de présenter une « étrangeté réappropriée » où leur expérience du nazisme et du soviétisme n’est plus rejetée dans une « commémoration négative », mais devient un jalon à partir duquel lire la modernité française. Ces réflexions nous mènent à s’interroger sur l’expérience même de ces auteurs et aux métacommunications qu’ils présentent lorsqu’ils abordent la question de l’identité, de l’Europe et de la mondialisation culturelle.Cette thèse de doctorat réalisée en science de l’information et de la communication s’intéresse aux relations interculturelles européennes. Par le corpus littéraire large choisi, cette thèse entend montrer la complexité des exils européens et réfléchir aux enjeux contemporains de cette notion. Enfin en s’interrogeant à partir de l’incommunication, cette thèse expose l’idée que si la communication n’est jamais innée, elle peut se produire grâce aux efforts de traduction de soi, de ce fait nous pensons la communication non seulement comme un facteur de diffusion, mais également comme un sujet à penser. / The link we make between exile and communication is not a classic one. In fact, an exile is someone who leaves his country and changes his language and culture. He is also someone who tries to reach a new culture and society. By considering the literature of writers from East and Central Europe, who choose to write their books directly in French, our thesis seeks to understand the way how an exile can generate new relationships in this space.We focus on the literary discourses and the notion of the author, as Foucault spoke about them, in order to understand how an author uses the narration of his own life to configure a face-speech acceptable to his host community. By using the difference between this face in a pre-discursive manner marked by the contract between the testimony and the authors’ will to be perceived as artists, we try to focus on the way those voices show their inclusion in the French literary world. We show that the exiles’ discourses must deal with the possibility of lack of communication due to inaudibility cause by semantic mistakes.We think that the configuration of exile is a way to present oneself as a « hero of freedom. » Authors manage the opposition between singularity and the necessity to find a new community in order to communicate. Moreover, we also consider the possibility of refusing the first contract of communication and we include the concept of « non-lieu » created by Marc Augé, a concept which refers to a space with no link to the community. Confronts with this threat, we consider that an author may manage this risk by a process of reverence-inclusion. According to this process, writers give their own description of French social markers to indicate to the public that they belong to the French culture. Those descriptions allow them to give to the French audience the rule of interpretation for their own books. Finally, we examine the possibility of speaking about this literature as an assimilated one. We show that this literature is not fully integrated because of the complex social integration of those authors. This difficulty of integration forces them to redefine their position in French society. As a result of their Soviet education, authors try to show a disturbing strangeness not as a marker of an outsider, but as an indication of their social place in French society. This past is made a tool for understanding French modernity. This specificity directs us to consider those writers, particularly their views on communication, identity, Europe and cosmopolitanism.Our thesis focuses on the problem of communication and tries to increase our knowledge of intercultural relations in Europe. By focusing on a large literary corpus, our thesis endeavours to understand this complex phenomena of European exiles. Finally, our thesis integrates the problem of non-communication as a conceptual center of interrogations in order to show that if communication is not an innate capacity, it can be developed into something beyond a tool for spreading a message, namely a concept to think.

Cette thèse de doctorat de philosophie, initiée en 2005, a pour objet d’étude l’œuvre poétique de l’écrivain allemand Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956). Par son titre (« Le poème instrument »), elle entend désigner une contradiction consubstantielle à tout art politique et singulièrement radicalisée dans l’écriture poétique : celle qui oppose la pratique d’un art lyrique, valant pour lui-même, et la revendication d’une utilité sociale de l’écriture, qui la soumet à une finalité extérieure. En assumant dans son écriture cette exigence instrumentale, le poète s’expose en effet au risque de succomber à la fonctionnalisation de la langue, telle que justement la raison marchande la soutient et à laquelle il s’agit cependant de s’opposer. Comment la poésie peut-elle se définir comme instrument sans abolir la teneur proprement artistique de sa production ? Comment maintenir dans un même geste la consistance poétique et l’efficacité politique ?Cette thèse étudie le corpus des poèmes brechtiens écrits depuis le milieu des années 1920 jusqu’à la fin des années 1940 avec pour ambition de repérer les opérations formelles que le poète mobilise dans chacun des moments politiques qu’il rencontre : la République de Weimar (la poésie cynique), le Troisième Reich (la poésie anti-fasciste), la seconde Guerre mondiale (la poésie d’exil). Nous entendons montrer la façon dont un matérialisme singulier s’y élabore, dans un rapport à la fois inventif et dissident à l’égard la tradition dialectique marxiste. / Initiated in 2005, this doctoral thesis in philosophy aims to study the poetry of the German writer Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956). By its title ("The poem instrument"), it means to explain a contradiction inherent in any political art, and especially emphasized in poetical writing: the one between the practice of lyrical arts, valuable per se, and the claim for a social purpose of writing, which submits it to an outside finality. By undertaking this instrumental necessity in his writing, the poet expose himself to the functionalisation of language, this very functionalisation that is supported by the market means which the poet however intends to deal with. How can poetry define itself as a tool, without abolishing the specifically artistic content of its production? How to maintain poetic consistency and political efficiency simultaneously ?This thesis examines the corpus of Brechtian poems written from the mid-1920s until the late 1940s. It aims at identifying the formal operations that the poet engages for each political moments he faces : the Weimar Republic (cynical poetry), the Third Reich (anti-fascist poetry), the second World War (the poetry of exile). We intend to show how a specific materialism is being developed, in a both inventive and dissent relation to the traditional Marxist dialectic.

This thesis seeks to increase recognition of contemporary Palestinian women’s cinema and locates it firmly within the Palestinian film industry. I argue that Palestinian women’s cinema has created and developed a nuanced cinema whilst sustaining and enhancing the Palestinian film industry. The twenty-first century has undeniably witnessed the vigorous development of a Palestinian women’s cinema and the number of Palestinian women filmmakers and films is still on the rise. Scholars have often focused on increasing worldwide recognition of mainstream Palestinian films directed and produced by well-known Palestinian filmmakers. This has resulted in the marginalisation of Palestinian women’s cinema within an already marginalised Palestinian film industry. I locate Palestinian cinema, in the introduction, as a transnational cinema and I also explain my rationale for placing women’s film under the category of “women’s cinema”. In order to offer a comprehensive analysis and to understand and examine the corpus of films in this thesis, I firstly provide an overview of the historical and contemporary background of Palestinian popular arts and cinema, highlighting Palestinian women’s participation. In chapter 2, I discuss women’s roles in Palestinian politics in order to trace women’s positions and roles in political public life because it is difficult to separate activism from social life and thus from cinema, as these three intersect and mutually influence one another. In chapter 3, 4 and 5 I argue, through detailed discussion and analysis of this body of work that, unlike Palestinian cinema at large, Palestinian women filmmakers embody, interweave and reflect on the complex and often contradictory contemporary and historical issues taking into account ideologies and socio-cultural differences in a complex geopolitical space (e.g. sexual restrictions, power and authority, femininity and masculinity, restriction on movement and hyphenated identities). I also argue that these women filmmakers are interested in developing responses to what they see as heterogeneous and hyphenated Palestinian identities while adapting traditional and modern filmic styles. Here I have studied their works thematically as this provided greater insight into the social and historical contexts of contemporary Palestinian lives. I argue that films by Palestinian filmmakers living inside Palestine focus and revolve around socio-culturally sensitive and underrepresented issues of love and sexuality (chapter 3), violence and power (chapter 4). I also argue that hyphenated Palestinian filmmakers, in this case, Palestinian American filmmakers, explore through their work themes of displacement and the imagined homeland by reflecting on historical events and also through examining the different ‘journeys’ of their hyphenated characters, both internal and geographical. I study the films in this thesis within contemporary discourses on culture, cultural capital, discourses of power, identity, migration and diaspora, exile, feminist debates, gender politics, postcoloniality and borderlands.

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology)

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SUEHELLEN MONTEIRO DE MATOS.pdf: 677634 bytes, checksum: 59a28d5b0f6afe29b7c40c031f6365be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This exegetical study aims to demonstrate the maternal face of Yahweh revealed in the writings of Deutero-Isaiah, having as main source the oracle of salvation Is 43.1-7. To this end, we start from the analysis of the literary context, historical and religious Deutero-Isaiah, so that make the exegetical analysis of the text proposed by which we will focus, among various contents, the characteristic maternal presented in the passage. Understanding a text arises within a social environment, will highlight, based on the writings Deutero-Isaiah, the exiled community to which they are addressed prophets and prophetesses. Finally, combining the attributes of maternal goddesses Asherah and Ishtar with the fledgling maternal conception of Yahweh made by Hosea, we propose the maternal face of God based on texts of Deutero-Isaiah, in particular Is 43.1 to 7. / O presente estudo exegético tem por objetivo demonstrar a face materna de Javé revelada nos textos de Dêutero-Isaías, tendo como fonte principal o oráculo de salvação de Is 43,1-7. Para tal, partimos da análise do contexto literário, histórico e religioso de Dêutero-Isaías, paraentão fazer a análise exegética do texto proposto, através da qual enfocaremos, dentre os diversos conteúdos, a característica materna apresentada na perícope. Compreendendo que um texto surge dentro de um ambiente social, evidenciaremos, com base nos escritos de Dêutero-Isaías, a comunidade exilada à qual se dirigem profetas e profetisas. Por fim, combinando os atributos maternos das deusas Asherah e Ishtar com a incipiente concepção materna de Javé apresentado por Oséias, propomos a face materna de Deus com base nos textos dêuteroisaiânicos, em especial, Is 43,1-7.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Pires.pdf: 1166934 bytes, checksum: 74aa561cf376ce855f30391ececd73fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The identity of the Servant of YHWH has been always a challenge for biblical research. Who is this Servant? It is not intended to know who historically was the Servant of YHWH, as this is an impossible task. It is intended to raise some clues from the historical context and the actual text of Deutero-Isaiah that leads to consider the possibility that an exile community in Babylon was called servant and destined by YHWH for such a mission. In the passage from Isaiah 42.1 to 9, YHWH calls the Servant for a very specific mission. This right that Servant will come out to the nations is the right to happen for the nations. This is about the law of the Lord, that manifested in the release of all prisoners. The Servant with his silent and prophetic postures, with his solidarity practice to the sufferers and his tenacity will carry forward this project of liberation. Through exegetical procedures and theoretical framework of different authors who have already researched on this topic, it intends to investigate the possibility that this song of the Servant of YHWH arises a Theology of the Servant who is deeply in tune with the Being of YHWH himself. Thus, YHWH - Servant carries the same concrete project of liberation that is founded in the justice and right. Awakens among the suffered people, a new model of political leadership. / A identidade do Servo de YHWH sempre foi um grande desafio para a pesquisa bíblica. Quem seria esse Servo? Não se pretende saber historicamente quem foi o Servo de YHWH, pois isso é uma tarefa impossível. Pretende-se levantar algumas pistas a partir do contexto histórico e do próprio texto do Dêutero-Isaías que permita pensar na possibilidade de que uma comunidade exilada na Babilônia fosse chamada de Servo e destinada por YHWH para tal missão. Na perícope de Is 42,1-9, YHWH convoca o Servo para uma missão bem específica: fazer sair o direito para as nações. Esse direito que o Servo fará sair às nações é o direito de YHWH que se manifesta na libertação concreta de todos os encarcerados. O Servo com suas posturas silenciosas e proféticas, com sua prática solidária aos sofredores e com sua tenacidade, levará adiante esse projeto de libertação. Por meio dos procedimentos exegéticos e com referencial teórico de diferentes autores que já pesquisaram sobre esse tema, pretende-se investigar a possibilidade de que neste cântico do Servo de YHWH possa nascer uma Teologia do Servo que está em profunda sintonia com o Ser do próprio YHWH. Desta maneira, YHWH - Servo carregam um mesmo projeto concreto de libertação que tem como fundamento o direito e a justiça. Surge, então, no meio do povo sofrido, um novo modelo de liderança política.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helder Blessa2.pdf: 2372675 bytes, checksum: 3046387502761c45bba672b297a56679 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this work on The Influence of Clan Women in Prophetic Thought Post-Exile. A Study of Isaiah 57.1 to 21, we propose a search for fundamentally demonstrate who the three groups of clan women who appear in Isaiah 57.3 to 9, namely: hn+n>[o (sorceress) aEßnm. (Adultery, meaning adulterous - tp,a(nm) and hnAz (prostitute) And so develop that influence had in prophecy, in the post-exilic period To such a task we used two methods: the first, one diachronic method in which the text demonstrated a very negative view of these women, as the backdrop would be established where the text is strong patriarchal influence. But by applying a second, the synchronic and intertextual method, the result showed different because the set of texts which are included, namely: Isa from 56.1 to 12, 58.1 to 14, and from 61.1 to 11, inclusive demonstrate the program Thus, in Isa 56.3-4 - rkªNEh;-!B, (foreign son) and syrIêSh; (eunuchs) are admitted to the community; in Isaiah 58, 1 - bqoß[]y: tybeîl.W (and the house of Jacob), this house represented by a group of men is reprimanded because of fasting; and Isaiah 61.5 to 6 - ~yrIêz (strangers) and rkênE ynEåb.W (and foreign children), they are ones who feed the community. Due to this, there was a chance that a negative view of them could not be accepted within an inclusive project. However the question must be answered. Leave to do a mapping of the clan way of life in Genesis, a set of texts that speak mainly family/ clan. As we study some mythical mothers: Havah, Sarah, Hagar, daughters of Lot and Tamar, and compare them with those of Isaiah 57.3 to 9, many of the characteristics show similar. So we realize that all these women by having clan kingdom animal and plant knowledge, exerted influence on the life and death of families/clans, so they had to be fought by groups of men over time. Yet another important feature in the post-exile, is the movement that families/clans perform, but this exit is always loaded with plenty of fertility and conflict resolution solidarity. We should be in the prophecy, as to crystallize a negative text against a group of women, in fact we are denouncing violence against them. / Neste trabalho sobre A Influência das Mulheres Clânicas no Pensamento Profético do Pós-Exílio. Um Estudo de Isaías 57,1-21, propomos apresentar uma pesquisa para demonstrar fundamentalmente quem eram os três grupos de mulheres clânicas, que surgem no Isaías 57,3-9, a saber: hn+n>[o(agoureira),aEßnm. (adultério, significando adúltera - tp,a(nm.) e hnAz(prostituta). E daí desenvolver que influência tiveram na profecia, no período do pós-exílio. Para tal tarefa utilizamos dois métodos: o primeiro, um método diacrônico no qual o texto demonstrou uma visão muito negativa dessas mulheres, já que o pano de fundo onde estaria estabelecido o texto é de forte influência patriarcal. Mas, ao aplicarmos um segundo, o método sincrônico e intertextual, o resultado se mostrou diferente, pois o conjunto de textos onde está incluso, a saber: Isaías 56,1-12; 58,1-14 e 61,1-11, demonstram um programa inclusivo. Assim, no Isaías 56,3-4 - rkªNEh;-!B, (filho do estrangeiro) e syrIêSh; (os eunucos), são admitidos na comunidade; no Isaías 58, 1 bqoß[]y: tybeîl.W (e para casa de Jacó), essa casa representada por um grupo de homens é repreendida por causa do jejum; e no Isaías 61,5-6 ~yrIêz (estranhos) e rkênE ynEåb.W (e filhos de estrangeiro), serão os que alimentarão a comunidade. Devido a isto, surgiu uma hipótese de que uma visão negativa sobre elas não poderia ser aceita dentro de um projeto inclusivo. No entanto a questão deve ser respondida. Partirmos para fazer um mapeamento do modo de vida clânico no Gênesis, um conjunto de textos que fala principalmente da família/clã. Ao estudarmos algumas mães míticas: Eva, Sara, Agar, filhas de Ló e Tamar, e ao compará-las com as de Isaías 57,3-9, muitas das características se mostram semelhantes. Pudemos assim perceber que todas essas mulheres clânicas por possuírem conhecimentos do reino animal e vegetal, exerceram influência na vida e morte das famílias/clãs, assim elas tiveram que serem combatidas pelos grupos de homens ao longo do tempo. Ainda outra característica importante no Pós-Exílio, é a movimentação que as famìlias/clãs realizam, mas, essa ‗saìda é sempre carregada de abundância de fertilidade e resolução de conflito pela solidariedade. Devemos estar na profecia, já que ao cristalizar-se um texto ‗desfavorável contra um grupo de mulheres, na verdade se está denunciando uma violência contra elas.