Urininkontinens är ett globalt problem som förekommer hos mer än 50 miljoner av världens befolkning och är tre gånger vanligare bland kvinnor än hos män. Urininkontinens medför en försämrad livskvalitet genom att bland annat påverka kvinnors fysiska, psykiska, sexuella och sociala välbefinnande. Sjuksköterskan kommer i kontakt med kvinnor som har urininkontinens och för att kunna ge god vård och främja hälsa behövs kunskap om hur kvinnor upplever urininkontinens. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med urininkontinens. Metoden var en litteraturstudie som bestod av 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade att kvinnors upplevelser av urininkontinens var besvärande men att vissa kvinnor använde sig av strategier för att hantera vardagen. Fyra kategorier var framträdande: upplevelsen av förlorad kontroll, upplevelsen av urininkontinens som tabubelagt ämne, upplevelsen av begränsningar i vardagen och upplevelsen av att hantera vardagen. Trots att urininkontinens är vanligt förekommande finns fortfarande brister i vårdens omhändertagande av urininkontinenta kvinnor. Sjuksköterskor bör bli bättre på att identifiera och informera kvinnor som lever med urininkontinens. Mer kunskap om urininkontinens inom sjuksköterskeutbildning och bland vårdpersonal behövs. / Urinary incontinence is a global problem that affects more than 50 million people and is three times more common among women than in men. Urinary incontinence means reduced quality of life by affecting women physically, psychologically, sexually and socially. Nurses encounter women with urinary incontinence and in order to provide high quality care and promote health, knowledge is needed on how women experience urinary incontinence. The purpose of this study was to describe women's experiences of living with urinary incontinence. The method was a literature review consisting of 13 articles. The result showed that women's experiences of urinary incontinence were bothersome but that some women used strategies to cope with everyday life. Four categories were prominent: the experience of loss of control, the experience of urinary incontinence as a taboo subject, the experience of limitations in everyday life, the experience of dealing with everyday life. Although urinary incontinence is common, there are still deficiencies in the health care of urinary incontinent women. There is a need for nurses to become better at identifying and informing women living with urinary incontinence. More knowledge about urinary incontinence is needed in nursing education and among health professionals.

När en förälder drabbas av cancersjukdom blir även barnen påverkade. Tidigt i livet utvecklar barn en rädsla av att bli övergiven av sin förälder. Då en förälder drabbas av sjukdom kan barnet uppleva det som ett hot eftersom barnet är oroligt över att föräldern kan dö. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva barns erfarenheter av att leva med en förälder med cancersjukdom. Grunden för resultatet i föreliggande litteraturstudie utgjordes av 11 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades och granskades. I resultatet framkommer fyra teman: emotionella reaktioner, samspel, kommunikation och behov av stöd. Beskedet av förälderns cancerdiagnos upplevdes av barnen som hjärtskärande, ledsamt, upprörande, oroande, chockerande samt skrämmande. Barnen upplevde att det var deras ansvar att ta hand om föräldern, syskon och hushållet under förälderns cancersjukdom. Cancersjukdomen bidrog till en ökad närhet mellan barnet och föräldern och även till att barnet kände en tacksamhet över sin familj. En öppen kommunikation gjorde att barnen kände sig inkluderade, delaktiga i familjen och trygga. Den öppna kommunikationen skapade även en tillit mellan barnet och föräldern. Det är av betydelse att belysa barns erfarenheter då en förälder drabbas av cancersjukdom för att föräldrar och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal ska få en djupare förståelse för barnet. / When a parent suffers from cancer the children are also affected. Early in life, children may develop a fear of being abandoned by their parents. When a parent suffers from an illness, the child may experience this as a threat because the child is worried that the parent may die. The aim of this review was to describe children’s experiences of having a parent diagnosed with cancer. This review is based on 11 articles that were analysed and scrutinized. The result reveals four themes: emotional reactions, interactions, communication, and the need for support. The announcement of the parent's cancer diagnosis was described by the children as heartbreaking, sad, shocking, disturbing and frightening. The children felt a responsibility to take care of the parent, siblings and the household during the parent's cancer. When the child performed household chores with the family, it strengthened family bonding. The cancer brought child and parent closer to one another and the children felt a gratitude over their family. An open communication contributed to children’s sense of being included, a part of the family and a sense of security. Open communication also helped to build a trust between child and parent. It is important to highlight children's experiences when a parent suffers from cancer so that parents and healthcare professionals can have a deeper understanding for the children.

Physical inactivity is a serious public health concern in Canada, especially among the country’s youth. Adolescent girls, in particular, suffer many life-long consequences due to inactivity. Physical Education (PE) can offer a solution. However, the vast majority of girls discontinue enrollment in PE as soon as the mandatory credits are met. Tailored PE courses designed to meet the needs and interests of girls may motivate girls to continue participating in PE. This narrative inquiry explored three girls’ stories of their past experiences in elementary, middle, and high school PE, as well as their current experiences in a tailored elective PE course entitled Girls Actively Living (GAL). The goals of this study were to explore how the girls’ experiences with the course content, learning environment, and assessment in GAL affected their perceptions of physical education. Additionally, it was of interest how their experiences outside of PE influenced their desire to continue in elective PE and how their experiences in GAL affected their perceptions of physical activity. Findings emphasized the importance of (a) variety and cooperation within PE course content, (b) a fun and welcoming PE learning environment, (c) fair and private assessment, and (d) feelings of confidence, social safety, and competence for girls in PE. / Graduate / 0523 / jgruno@uvic.ca

Bakgrund: Cytostatika har sedan 1960-talet använts för att bota flera olika cancerformer. Cytostatika skadar tumörer men påverkar även friska celler vilket ofta medför en rad olika biverkningar. Cancerpatienter befinner sig ofta i en sårbar situation vilket kräver omsorgsfull omvårdnad. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera patienters upplevelser av vanligt förekommande cytostatikaorsakade biverkningar (illamående och kräkningar, fatigue, hårförlust, smak-och luktförändringar) samt vilka hanteringsstrategier de använder sig av. Metod: Denna litteraturstudie baseras på nio kvalitativa artiklar. Artikelsökningen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna har analyserats genom innehållsanalys. Resultat: Biverkningarna kunde upplevas som fruktansvärda, olustiga, obehagliga och utmattande. Dessa påverkade det dagliga livet vad gällande bl.a. relationer och självständighet. Hanteringsstrategierna innefattade exempelvis vila, fysisk aktivitet och särskild kost. Slutsats: Många patienter upplever cytostatikaorsakade biverkningar som påfrestande och att de påverkar det dagliga livet negativt, men vissa patienter upplever tvärtom att de inte påverkar deras dagliga liv nämnvärt. Upplevelserna av biverkningarna och dess följder kan påverkas av patienternas förmåga att hitta fungerande hanteringsstrategier. Resultatet visar på skillnader mellan olika cancerpatienters upplevelser och strategier, vilket kan kräva personcentrerad vård. / Background: Chemotherapy has since the 1960’s been used to cure various forms of cancer. Chemotherapy damages tumors but also effects healthy cells which often result in a variety of side effects. Cancer patients often find themselves in a vulnerable situation which requires careful nursing. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore patients experiences of commonly occuring adverse effects (nausea and vomiting, fatigue, alopecia, smell- and tastealterations) and their management strategies. Method: This literature study is based on nine qualitative articles. The searching of articles was performed in the data bases PubMed and CINAHL. The articles has been analysed with content analysis. Results: The side effects could be perceived as awful, uncomfortable, unpleasant and exhausting. These effected the daily life including factors like relationships and independence. Management strategies included for example rest, physical activities and special diets. Conclusion: Many patients experience adverse effects from chemotherapy as distressing and that they effects their daily life in a negative way, but occasional patients experience the contrary that they don’t effect their daily lives significantly. The experiences and their consequenses can be affected by patients ability to find useful management strategies. The result shows the difference between different cancer patients’ expericences and management strategies, wich may require person-centred care.

Bakgrund: I dagens samhälle drabbas många personer av psykisk ohälsa och varje dag tvångsvårdas ungefär 3000 personer i Sverige med stöd av lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård eller lagen om rättspsykiatrisk tvångsvård. Att vårdas mot sin vilja kan beskrivas som en väldigt besvärlig upplevelse där patienten ofta förlorar sin självbestämmanderätt och integritet. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av tvångsvård inom slutenvården. Metod: I denna litteraturstudie har åtta kvalitativa artiklar analyserats med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Databaserna som användes vid artikelsökningarna var: CINAHL, PubMed och PsycInfo. Resultat: Resultatet visar att upplevelsen av tvångsvården ger flera olika känslor och reaktioner. Förlust av den personliga autonomin och integriteten upplevdes av flera patienter. Personal som missbrukade sin maktposition gjorde att relationen blev sämre. Att bli bemött med respekt och när personalen tog sig tid för samtal var uppskattat upplevelsen blev mer positiv. Konklusion: Litteraturstudiens resultat visade de flesta patienter upplevde tvångsvården som något negativt och att det finns flera brister finns inom tvångsvården. För att kunna ge bättre vård är det viktigt att utbilda vårdpersonalen inom ämnet. Även fortsätt forskning om hur patienter upplever tvångsvård är viktigt för ökad förståelse. / Background: In today’s society many people are suffering from mental illness and every day about 3000 persons are exposed to compulsory treatment in Sweden under the law on compulsory psychiatric treatment or the law on forensic compulsory treatment. Being nursed against their own will can be described as a very difficult experience, where patients’ often loses their autonomy and integrity. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of involuntary inpatient care. Method: In this literature study eight qualitative articles where analyzed using content analysis. The databases used for the article search was: CINAHL, PubMed and PsycInfo. Results: The result shows that the experience of compulsory care provides several different emotions and reactions. Loss of personal autonomy and integrity were experienced by many patients. Staff who abused their position of power made the relationship worse. To be treated with respect and when the staff had time to talk was appreciated and the experience became more positive. Conclusion: The results of the literature study showed that most of the patients experienced compulsory treatment as something negative. In order to provide better care, it’s important to give the medical staff education about the subject. There are also several shortcomings in the compulsory treatment. Although further research on how patients experience involuntary treatment is important for better understanding.

Bakgrund: Ätstörningar är den tredje vanligaste sjukdomen i västvärlden bland unga kvinnor efter astma och fetma. Av de personer som drabbas utav Anorexia Nervosa avlider drygt 10 % till följd av sjukdomen. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för sjukdomen Anorexia Nervosa. Metod: Denna studie genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och en narrativ analys. Datainsamlingen grundades på fyra självbiografier, skrivna av kvinnor som hade drabbats av och vårdats för Anorexia Nervosa. Resultat: I resultatet kunde olika upplevelser av att vårdas för Anorexia Nervosa plockas ut. Upplevelserna delades upp i olika teman och förtydligades med citat. De teman som uppkom var Att tävla, Att släppa kontrollen, Att bli kränkt, Att förlora sin integritet, Att bli sedd, Att få insikt och Att känna en rädsla för att bli frisk. Dessa teman avspeglade kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för anorexia nervosa. Slutsats: Denna studie kan bidra till att vårdpersonal kan erhålla en ökad förståelse om kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för anorexia nervosa. Det kan innebära att vårdpersonalen kan främja kvinnornas behov av omvårdnad, för ett ökad hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background: Amongst young female adults in the western society, eating disorder is the third most common disease after asthma and obesity. About 10 % of the people who suffers from anorexia nervosa die due to the disease. Aim: This studies aim is to describe women’s experiences of being cared for Anorexia Nervosa. Method: This study was completed with a qualitative method and a narrative analysis. The gathering of data was founded on four autobiographies, written by women who has suffered from, and been cared for Anorexia Nervosa. Result: In the results, different experiences from the treatment for anorexia nervosa could be pointed out. The experience was divided into different themes and was clarified with quotations. The themes were To compete, To let go of the control, To be offended, To be seen, To get insight and To feel fear of being healthy. These themes reflected the women’s experiences from being cared for anorexia nervosa. Conclusion: This study can contribute so that health professionals receive a greater understanding about women’s experiences from being cared for Anorexia Nervosa. It could help the health professionals to promote these women’s need of care, it can also increase the women’s experience of health and well-being.

No description available.

Bakgrund:Patienter med kronisk njursvikt i slutstadiet behöver dialysbehandling för att överleva. De behöver välja en behandling som passar deras livssituation. Hemhemodialys har ökat som behandlingsform. Sjuksköterskan som arbetar på en dialysavdelning, möter patienter som är i behov av stöd och information. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan kan ge en trovärdig information om de olika dialysformerna. Eftersom hemhemodialys är en relativt ny behandlingsform, behövs mer kunskap om vad behandlingen innebär ur ett patientperspektiv.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva patientens erfarenhet av att ha hemodialys i hemmet.Metod: För att få tillgång till patienternas erfarenheter, ombads de att skriva ner berättelser. Berättelser om en bra och en dålig situation som behandlingen ger dem. Berättelserna analyserades med en kvalitativ metod.Resultat: Från resultatet framgick fem teman: Frihet att vara hemma och själv styra sin behandling, Känsla av att vara ensam med ansvaret, Hemmiljön förändras, Behov av stöd och trygghet och Mår bättre med HHD.Konklusion: Hemhemodialys betyder en frihet. Men friheten är begränsad eftersom behandlingen i sig är tvingande. För att omvårdnaden av hemhemodialyspatienter ska bli bättre, behöver de mer stöd och utbildning. / Introduction:Patients with chronic end stage renal disease needs treatment of dialysis to survive. They need to choose a treatment that suits their lifesituation. Homehaemodialysis has increased as treatment form. The nurse who works in a dialysis ward, meets patients who are in need of support and information. It is of importance that nurses can give trustworthy information about the different regims of dialysis. Since homehaemodialysis is a relatively new treatment form, more knowledge is needed about what the treatment means from a patient perspective.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the patients experiences of having homehaemodialysis.Method: To gain access to the patients experiences, they were asked to write stories down. Stories about good and bad situations that the treatment gives them. The stories were analysed with a qualitative method.Result: From the analysis five themes emerged: Freedom to be at home and control their own treatment, Feeling of being alone with the responsibility, The home environment changes, Need for support and security and Feeling better with homehaemodialysis.Conclusion: Homehaemodialysis means freedom. But freedom is limited as the treatment itself is compelling. To make the care of homehaemodialysis patients better, they are in need of more support and education.

Background: In pace with the increasingly aging population will the number of older people in nursing homes and with care in home grow. This means that the nurse will face related to the older more frequently and more widely. Nurses has overall responsibility over both the care of the elderly as a responsibility of maintaining good relationships with related parties. Related parties are of great importance for the older individual, it is therefore relevant for the nurse to be able to interact in a respectful and sensitive manner to involve the relatives in care. Aim: The aim with this study was to highlight nurse's experiences of interaction with related parties to elderly in community health care. Method: A literature review based on nine qualitative articles was conducted. Friberg design was used with the inspiration of Lundman and Hällgren Graneheim regarding the analysis of Articles. Results: The study resulted in four themes. They included information about nurse's experiences of interaction with related parties. These themes describes the importance of communication in the interaction, the attitudes various expressions, cooperation with related parties and experiences with related parties' participation in care. Conclusion: An important conclusion is that the nurse should take advantage of related parties skills and resources in health care around the elderly. The nurses sometimes has difficulties interacting with related parties. Nurses probably need to see the difficulties from different perspectives and seek help of colleagues.

Background: Borderline personality disorder is a complex mental disorder that has become increasingly common in those individuals who seek care today. These individuals are often perceived as being different by society and the health care system, because of the prejudice and lack of knowledge that exists around mental illness and borderline personality disorder. Aim: Highlighting adults experiences of living with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Method: Literature study with qualitative approach. Seven articles were chosen to be read, reviewed and analyzed. Results: Three categories with seven subcategories appeared. Experiences of emotional pain, feelings of not being like everyone else and experiences of social interactions. Conclusion: The results show in general negative experiences in several different aspects. Feelings of hope for the future were countered with suicidal thoughts and self-destructive behavior. Negative emotions in behavior from society but also from health professionals, stigma that constantly surrounded their life-world, an attitude which in most cases is due to large gaps in knowledge. The authors included research that was done 20 years ago, and the results of this study show that the response and experience of the individuals has not been changed. This means that the knowledge is not as high as it should be and the skills of health professionals are not as current as it should be. Future research should focus on how health professionals should be able to raise their level of knowledge and respond to individuals in a more customized way.