The purpose of this study is to investigate how a group of students experience their learning when working in groups, and determine if they prefer to work individually or in groups. This study will also investigate what the students believe that they learn when working in groups. The study is based on these two questions: How and what do students perceive that they learn from working in groups? Do the students in my study prefer to work in groups or individually? The method I have used to retrieve information has been to interview four different students. The interviews were individual; I did so to get a deeper view of how students perceive their own learning in groups. I chose a selection of students, two girls and two boys ranging in the ages from 15 to 16 years old, these pupils were all attending the same school. Social Constructivism is the theoretical perspective that my essay is based on. The key concepts of my essay are based on the terms "the horizon of understanding" which come from the hermeneutic research tradition and life-world which is a central concept in the phenomenological research tradition. The results from this study show that students believe that the spoken interaction in groups is important. The students believe that their individual learning can be developed further with the help of oral interactions, an example given is when students embrace new ideas and thoughts by talking to each other in groups. Based on the results of the interviews, students feel that their individual learning is affected positively when working in groups. This study shows that when students are being asked if they prefer to work in groups or individually, the answer is evenly divided, but with a small majority favoring to work in groups. However, almost all students who participated in my study believe that working in group is almost all the time a fun method of working and studying.

Studien belyste pedagogers upplevelser av ljudmiljön i förskolan samt hur de säger sig planera och organisera den pedagogiska verksamheten för att främja en god ljudmiljö. Studien var angelägen på det vis att det är viktigt att pedagoger inkluderar ljudmiljön i verksamheten och ser till att den inte utgör ett hinder för barns lärande och utveckling. En medvetenhet om det pedagogiska uppdraget är en viktig del, så att barn och pedagoger inte exponeras för skadligt ljud mer än nödvändigt. Förskolan ska erbjuda barnen en verksamhet där barn och pedagoger trivs och mår bra tillsammans. Därför är det betydelsefullt att arbetet kring ljudmiljön hålls levande. Utifrån studiens syfte valde vi att genomföra en empirisk undersökning, med hjälp av enkät och intervju. De två teoretiska utgångspunkterna för studien var det miljöpsykologiska perspektivet, som avser att beskriva hur individen påverkas av och påverkar miljön. Denna påverkan är individuell. Den andra teorin som valdes var den sociokulturella, som förklarar lärande som något som sker i ett socialt och kulturellt sammanhang. Resultatet visade att pedagoger upplever en hög ljudnivå i förskolan och att de påverkas negativt av den, såväl fysiskt som psykiskt. Resultatet visade även att pedagoger säger sig inkludera ljudnivån när de planerar och organiserar verksamheten. Utifrån vad pedagogerna säger har tre perspektiv urskilts såsom: pedagogens roll, barnet som medaktör och rummet som verktyg. I diskussionen behandlas konsekvenser av exponeringen av en hög ljudnivå och hur den kan påverka barns utveckling och lärande. Diskussionen belyser även det pedagogiska uppdraget utifrån den yttre och inre organisationen. / This study strives, firstly, to make the reader aware of how preschool teachers experience the noise level in preschools. Secondly, the study accounts for how the mentioned teachers express how they plan and organize the school activities in accordance to the sound environment. This subject is important because noise can interrupt the children’s development and learning. The teachers ought to be aware of their teaching assignment, so that neither children nor teachers are exposed to more noise than necessary. The preschool must provide a school environment where both children and teachers are comfortable and feeling well when being together. Therefore must there be a continuance in the work to keep the noise to a minimal level. In accordance with the aim of this study we have taken advantage of an empirical study, with the help of a survey and an interview. There were two theoretical starting points; the first was the perspective of environmental psychology which strives to describe how the individual is affected by and affects the environment. The second starting point was the social cultural perspective, which focuses on how individuals develop in social and cultural relationships. The result of the study clearly showed that the teachers experience a high noise level which affects them negatively, physically as well as psychologically, even though they express that they include the noise level as a factor when planning activities. Based on what the teachers express, three perspectives could be found such as; the teacher´s role, the co-operating child´s role and the organization of the environment. Finally, the consequences of exposing children for a high noise level are discussed. The discussion also highlights the educational mission by the external and internal organization.

Recreational shopping has long been of interest to business academics and practitioners, but research on it has been underdeveloped in the leisure field. Although the leisure literature and business literature represent distinct perspectives, there appears to be many significant parallels between recreational shopping and leisure. The purpose of this study was to examine the intrinsic meanings of shopping; to explore the experiential aspects of the recreational shopping experience (including the influences of the retail environment on individuals who regularly engage in recreational shopping). This study took place in Toronto, Ontario. The sample included five female self-proclaimed recreational shoppers. The researcher accompanied each participant on a shopping excursion which took place at a shopping mall selected by the participant. Data were collected through three qualitative methods. First, participant observation involved the researcher walking alongside the participant as she shopped. Following the shopping session, the researcher conducted an in-depth face-to-face interview with each participant; the interview was guided by a set of open-ended questions. In addition, this study utilized photo-elicitation in which the participants were asked to photograph ‘anything’ that made an impression during their visit to the mall. The photographs offered tangible illustrations of shopping experiences and were used as a catalyst for discussion during the interviews. The data was analyzed using Grounded Theory coding which lead to the identification of two main themes and six respective subthemes. The emergent themes are all connected to the key idea that shoppers are motivated by their expectations and desires when they partake in the recreational shopping activity. Shopping offers numerous opportunities that provide immediate hedonic pleasure as well as intrinsic rewards. Such opportunities often include, the ‘before and after’ phases of experiences of acquisition and unexpected discoveries, the positive interactions which occur both inside and outside a retail environment, and lastly, the individual’s use of shopping as a means of self-expression and a tool to manage their self image. Satisfaction, spontaneity, familiarity, mastery, accomplishment, and feelings of escape were all present in these shopping experiences. The findings also described the role of shopping malls as a leisure space and as facilitators of recreational shopping activities. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that shopping can offer a profound leisure experience for many people and the activity should not only be researched in terms of just ‘recreational shopping’ or ‘utilitarian shopping.’ Rather, the findings indicate several overlaps between the two types of shopping and further research is needed to more fully understand the complexities of the activity.

Hälsofrämjande arbete har under de senaste aren fatt en allt mer framträdande och viktig roll inom primärvården och har blivit en central del i distriktssköterskornas arbete. Syftet med studien var att belysa distriktssköterskors syn på hälsa och upplevelser av att arbeta hälsofrämjande. Metoden var kvalitativ med en deskriptiv design. Urvalsgrupp var åtta distriktsskoterskor på sex olika vårdcentraler i ett län i mellersta Sverige. Resultatet visade på att halsa ses som en individuell upplevelse som handlar om mer an att "må bra".   Det finns en stark vilja och ett intresse att arbeta hälsofrämjande hos distriktssköterskor.   Det finns dock hinder for genomförandet på organisatorisk respektive individnivå. Ytterligare utbildning efterfrågas liksom ökat tidsutrymme. Hälsosamtal med hälsoformulär i kombination med metoden motiverande samtal, ses som ett bra sätt att nå fram till personer och hjälpa dessa till livsstilsförändring, något som ansågs vara en viktig del av distriktssköterskans arbete. Samarbetet med andra professioner ses som mycket viktigt för det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Konklusionen ar att det finns en vilja och ett intresse att arbeta hälsofrämjande och distriktsskoterskorna kampar for att övervinna de hinder som finns.   Det finns en önskan om ytterligare och uppdaterad kunskap inom ämnet och inställningen till fortsatt utveckling av hälsofrämjande arbete är mycket positiv.

Field experiences function as a link between LIS theory and practice. Students should be provided with an experience that is a true reflection of the professional environment. The increasing focus on research by academic librarians provides an opportunity and responsibility to integrate research into the field experiences of LIS students. / Selinda Adelle Berg Clinical Medicine Librarian University of Windsor, Canada sberg@uwindsor.ca; Kristin Hoffmann Research & Instructional Services Librarian The University of Western Ontario, Canada khoffma8@uwo.ca; Diane Dawson Natural Sciences Liaison Librarian The University of Saskatchewan, Canada diane.dawson@usask.ca

Background The mindset of an individual is made up by perception and motivation. Motivation is in turn driven by personal experiences, values and goals. Many times, a personal experience can act as a ‘Gandhi-moment’ or a triggering event to take action towards achieving a specific outcome. For a social entrepreneur, this outcome is many times some type of positive social change. In order for the social entrepreneur to create this, he or she needs to be innovative and creative, and therefore stay open towards new opportunities and perspectives to not get stuck in a particular mindset. Purpose The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the role of personal experiences and a person’s mindset in the start-up of a social project. Furthermore, the study aims to explore how a change in one’s mindset can result in social projects or enterprises that are successfully able to create social change. Method The research approach of the thesis takes the form of a multiple case study; one main large case and four illustrative smaller ones. The data analysis is of abductive style, going back and forth between theory and empirical data. Conclusion It can be concluded that personal experiences can serve as a motivational platform for an individual starting a project or enterprise, aiming to create a social change. However, other elements of a person’s mindset will also influence this process, in terms motivation and perception. Furthermore, for changes in society to occur, changes first needs to be made from within. Therefore, in order for a social entrepreneur to create actual social change; he or she needs to go through a process of mindset-change.

Statistik visar att av alla kvinnor i Sverige som föder barn, har minst 21 % också genomgått missfall. Ett missfall väcker många olika känslor hos de par som berörs, såsom förlust, sorg, skuld, oro och existentiella funderingar. Missfall kan innebära en traumatisk upplevelse för alla berörda och sjuksköterskans roll att stödja och tillgodose parets behov är central för att säkra såväl fysisk som psykisk återhämtning. Sjuksköterskorna behöver identifiera det individuella behovet och vidta lämpliga omvårdnadsåtgärder för att hjälpa paret under denna tid. Litteraturstudiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskors omvårdnadsåtgärder i samband med missfall. I denna litteraturstudie av 13 vetenskapliga artiklar framkom följande begrepp enligt VIPS-modellen som kan användas: information/undervisning, stöd, skötsel, smärta/sinnesintryck, observation/övervakning, läkemedelshantering, psykosocialt och samordning. Ett annat bra redskap för sjuksköterskor är Swansons omvårdnadsteori, som ger insikt i optimala omvårdnadsåtgärder vid missfall och som kan integreras i VIPS-modellen. Sjuksköterskan behöver få ökad kunskap om missfall för att kunna möta parets behov av omvårdnad med ett holistiskt synsätt och säkra såväl fysisk som psykisk återhämtning.  Därför behövs vidare forskning för att utveckla sjuksköterskans omvårdnad vid missfall. / Statistics indicate that at least 21 % of all women in Sweden who give birth to a child also have experienced a miscarriage. A miscarriage evokes many different emotions for affected couples such as loss, grief, guilt, anxiety and existential reflections. Miscarriage can be a traumatic experience for all parties involved and the role of nurses in supporting these needs is pivotal in ensuring a physical and psychological recovery. Nurses are required to identify the needs of individuals and apply the appropriate nursing intervention to support families during this time. The purpose of the literature review was to illustrate the nursing interventions provided by nurses when women suffering of miscarriages. This literature review on 13 scientific articles illustrated the following concepts used in the VIPS-model to source appropriate information, referrals or assistance: information/education, support, care, pain/sensory impression, observation/supervision, medical management, psychosocial and coordination. Another useful tool for nurses is Swanson’s theory of caring which offers insight on optimal nursing practices during the event of a miscarriage which may be integrated in the VIPS-model. The nurses need to gain increased knowledge of miscarriage to be able to take a holistic approach to the care required to ensure recovery both physically and psychologically. Therefore more research is needed to develop nursing care when women suffering of miscarriage.

Arbetsplatsmobbning har omfattande konsekvenser för individer i arbetslivet och samhället. Observatören har en viktig roll i arbetet mot mobbning, då dennes ingripande kan influera andra att göra detsamma. Denna studie undersökte om observatörens kön, locus of control och erfarenhet av observerad mobbning har en påverkan på intentionen att ingripa vid en mobbningssituation. Detta prövades utifrån sex hypoteser och frågeställningen hur relationen ser ut mellan ovangivna variabler i förhållandet till intentionen att ingripa vid mobbning. 165 individer i arbetslivet, varav 114 kvinnor, besvarade en enkät vilken innehöll Rotters The internal-external scale, en justerad Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised och ett instrument inspirerat av Hektner och Swensons påstående om intentionen att ingripa. Materialet anlyserades med hjälp av tvåvägs-ANOVA och Pearsons korrelationskoefficient. Studiens resultat var att erfarenhet av observerad mobbning, både enskilt och i kombination med kön och locus of control, påverkar intentionen att ingripa. Kön och locus of control visade inte på signifikanta huvudeffekter.

Belonging is a fundamental human need and this need is universal (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). How a student perceives their own belonging within a school and classroom can be predictive of their future engagement, motivation, achievement, and success of their interpersonal relationships. Students who feel connected are found to be less likely to engage in risky behaviours, be absent from school, or drop out of school entirely (Nichols, 2006; Anderman, 2003). Recent research on belonging has sought to examine the relationship between belonging and its outcomes on student behaviour (Anderman, 2003; Clegg, 2006; Goodenow, 1993; Ma, 2003; Osterman, 2000). There is an increasing need for belonging research to examine the development and incidence of belonging in children at school (Johnson, 2009; Osterman, 2000). This study has three research questions: a) What are students’ experiences with belonging in the school? b) What are teachers’ perceptions of students’ belonging in the school? c) How do the students’ experiences and teachers’ perceptions of student belonging in the school compare? The comparison of teachers’ and students’ responses will provide more information as to whether the students’ experiences and teachers’ perceptions of student belonging are aligned or if they are disparate. This data will make it possible to begin to target specific belonging factors in school programs and teacher practices. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-24 11:48:13.315

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