Background: Mental illness has increased in Sweden and the individuals seeking care expect to be met with respect. The way patients perceive themselves to be treated by health care professionals plays a central part to care and treatment of patients, and the patients experience will decide how future care will proceed. The majority of complaints from patients with mental illness suggest that the way they are treated in health care is inadequate. For people with mental illness it is crucial how they perceive themselves to be treated since poor treatment can lead to reluctance in seeking future help. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe how people with mental illness perceive themselves to be treated in primary health care. Method: A literature review was chosen as a method and data was collected from seven articles, both qualitative and quantitative. Results: The results were analyzed and compiled into three main themes; (1) To feel exposed to generalization, (2) To feel respected and (3) To feel involved. The subthemes describe experiences of; focus on medicine, one size fits all, lack of knowledge, to be listened to, humanity, attitudes, time, information and dialogue. Conclusion: There are both positive and negative experiences of how patients perceive themselves to be treated in primary health care but the negative experiences are predominant. This study can lead to an increased understanding and knowledge of how the primary care professionals should treat people with mental illness and which actions should be avoided.

Background: It is estimated that one in ten children witness domestic violence. It is of importance that children grow up in a safe environment. When they grow up with domestic violence they can lose very important skills which can be hard to gain back. Children respond to domestic violence in different ways depending on their age. Aim: The aim of this study was to enlighten children's experiences of domestic violence in their home. Method: An analysis was made of four quantitative and eight qualitative articles to create this literature review. Result: Four themes emerged in the result; A reckless vulnerableness, Entrenched emotions, A deprived childhood and Need of help and support. All of the themes enlightens in different ways what children experiences when witnessing domestic violence. Conclusion: Children who have been witnesses of domestic violence are in great need of support and help so they are able to the events they have witnessed. When the nurse meet these patients, that possibly have been victims of domestic violence, is it of great importance not to neglect the children who might have been involved. It is important that the nurse who meets the exposed children have an open attitude so the children can speak out about what they have been through

Title. To care on equal terms – Registered nurses experiences of duty in an international military operation. Aim. To describe registered nurses experience of providing patient care on equal terms in a Swedish international military operation. Background. Reg. nurses provide care to a variety of patients during an international military operation. Those patients may be civilians as well as military. Among them may be friends, allies or enemies. According to Swedish and international law all patients has the right to recieve medical care. The number of reg. nurses who will participate in international military operations will increase, yet there are few studies about experiences of providing care on equal terms to patients in this setting. Method. A qualitative study based on interviews was used. Nine Swedish reg. nurses were interviewed. The data was analysed using a qualitative content analysis. Findings. Three themes emerged. Feelings in nursing, conditions in nursing and ambitions in nursing. Reg. nurses describe different feelings such as frustration and anger. The conditions reg. nurses have to work in are often dangerous and with limited resources. Reg. nurses have an ambition to provide care on equal terms but find it difficult to do so. Conclusion. Reg. nurses describe that it is difficult to provide care on equal terms. Patients are not always provided equal care. The ambition is to give patients care on equal terms, but in a situation when a choice has to be made, reg. nurses tend to care for friends first.

This thesis presents original empirical research concerning a restorative justice practice currently operating within England. Specifically, it examines the expectations and experiences of victims participating in a restorative practice. It establishes the extent to which victims‘ expectations may impact upon their experiences of the restorative justice process. Throughout this research, original empirical data is presented which demonstrates that victims possess a limited understanding of restorative principles and practices, which persists despite preparatory meetings. This research suggests victims place almost exclusive reliance upon gatekeepers of the process, specifically the police or restorative facilitator, in both the formation of their expectations of the process and in their decisions to participate. This thesis argues that the existence of restorative practices as complex interactionary processes enables victims to experience aspects of the process negatively, whilst continuing to view the process as beneficial. It is submitted that negative experiences can arise from an expectation-reality gap, which the preparatory meetings fail to rectify. Throughout the restorative process, this research demonstrates that victims continue to possess a punitive perspective and continue to rely upon aspects of the traditional criminal justice system and courtroom imagery. Such reliance exists in contradiction to central themes of restorative justice theory, including victim rejection of an empowered decision making role during the process, and the irrelevance of offender remorse.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv undersöka hur poliser bearbetar problematiska emotionella upplevelser som uppstår i de sociala interaktioner de ingår i under en arbetsdag. Vidare är syftet att undersöka vad poliserna själva har en önskan om att uppnå när det gäller bearbetning av emotionell påfrestning.    Studien har en kvalitativ hermeneutisk ansats och baseras på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att analysera resultatet av studien har följande teorier använts; Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv, Björn Nilssons rollbeskrivning, Tomas. J. Scheffs teori om skam och stolthet samt Arlie Hochschilds beskrivning av emotionellt arbete.    Resultatet visar att polisernas roll är tydlig och att förväntningarna på rollen är höga. Vidare visar studien vikten av en gemenskap inom arbetslaget som präglas av tillit och öppenhet då de till facto håller varandras liv i sina händer. Bearbetningen sker främst genom mental förberedelse samt samtal och stöttning inom tur-laget. / The purpose of this study from a social psychological perspective to examine how police officers process problematic emotions that arise in the social interactions they are part of on a working day. Further on to explore the officers view on processing of emotional stress.    The study has a qualitative hermeneutical approach and is based on eight semi-structured interviews. To analyze the results of the study, the following theories have been used; Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective, Björn Nilsson's role description, Tomas. J. Scheff's theory of shame and pride, and Arlie Hochschilds description of emotional labor.    The result shows that the policemen's role is clear and that expectations of the role are high. The study also shows the importance of a community within the work team that is characterized by trust and openness when they actually hold each other's lives in their hands. The processing of emotions are done primarily by mental preparation as well as conversation and support within the work team.

Denna studie handlar om pojkars beskrivningar av att använda digitala spel och hur detta kan bidra till språklig kunskapsutveckling i skolans verksamhet. För att få studiens frågeställningar besvarade har intervjuer med fem pojkar i tio års ålder analyserats med utgångspunkt i socialsemiotiska teorier och begrepp. Pojkarnas beskrivningar visar tecken på att digitala spel kan användas som en resurs i utveckling av barns verbala och skriftligt språk. Pojkarna beskriver att utvecklingen av språklig och verbal kunskap kan äga rum dels individuellt och dels i grupp genom att använda digitala spel. Resultatet visar även att skolans verksamhet inte har erbjudit pojkarna möjlighet att använda digitala spel för att utveckla sina språkliga kunskaper.

Bakgrund: Att vara närstående till en person med psykossjukdom kan vara komplicerat, påfrestande och smärtfyllt. Närstående förväntas kunna hantera sin vardag med familj och arbete samtidigt som de fungerar som omsorgsstöd för den sjuke. Den närstående är en av tre parter i vårdandet, patienten, de närstående och vårdpersonalen. För att underlätta för de närstående måste vården sträva efter en relation som bygger på tillit för att underlätta situationen för de närstående. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur vårdpersonal kan vara stöd till närstående som lever nära en person med psykossjukdom. Metod: Metoden är en litteraturstudie med granskning av vetenskapliga artiklar om närståendes upplevelser av att leva nära en person som lider av psykossjukdom samt vårdpersonalens insatser som är till stöd för de närstående. Resultat: Resultatet visar att närstående har varierande upplevelser att av att leva nära en person med psykossjukdom som att det är viktigt för personalen att förstå närståendes upplevelser så att de kan få en bredare kunskap om patientens sjukdom och därmed kunna vara till stöd i vården och som är anpassad utifrån personens individuella behov. Diskussion: Uppsatsen visar att vårdpersonalens bemötande och förhållningssätt gentemot närstående är viktigt samt att deras delaktighet i vården bör förbättras och som i sin tur kan förbättra hälsotillståndet hos patienten med psykossjukdom. Det finns ett stort behov av stöd och kommunikation med vårdpersonal. / Background: Being related to a person who suffers from a psychosis is a complicated, stressful and creates a painful situation. The related are expected to handle their everyday lives including family and work, and at the same time be able to function as support for the patient. Therefore the support shown by the medical staff for the relatives becomes an important issue. Aim: The aim is to describe how nursing staff can provide support to relatives who live close to a person with psychosis. Results: The results are presented in five identified categories where they describe the experience of relatives who live close to a person with psychosis. The descriptions show a variety of experiences of the care of patients with psychosis. This is important knowledge. To sum up, the ability of nursing staff to understand the different experiences of relatives becomes important in order to gain a broader understanding and thereby be able to offer health care adapted to the individual needs of the patient. Discussion: the discussion personal opinions are presented; there is a great need for good alliances, support and communication with the medical staff which implies that the relations between the parties in the nursing relation play a major role in psychosis care.

Bakgrund: Sexualiteten är en central del av att vara människa och följer människan genom hela livet. En fungerande sexualitet är är en viktigdel i livskvaliteten. Att drabbas av bröstcacner innebär ofta stor förändring och livet kan upplevas vara i kaos. Eftersom bröst kopplas samman med kvinnlighet, skönhet, och sexualitet påverkar bröstcancer inte sällan kvinnornas sexuella hälsa. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturbaserade studie var att beskriva hur kvinnor upplever sin sexualitet efter att ha drabbats av bröstcancer. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie, där elva kvalitativa artiklar har analyserats. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudteman: Den förändrade kroppen, En sexualitet i förändring samt Påverkan på den heterosexuella relationen. Diskussion: Förändringar i sexualiteten hos kvinnor som drabbats av bröstcancervar för dem oväntadeoch påverkade deras livskvalitet. De hade önskat få mer information och stödom hur sexualiteten skulle kunna komma att påverkas. Studien visar tydligt att sjuksköterskor inte kan tillgodosekvinnornas önskemål efter som de känner sig osäkra i att samtala om sexualitet. Det är dock sjuksköterskans ansvar att ge kvinnorna det stöd de behöver för att lindra deras lidande. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor behöver få en ökad förståelse för kvinnornas upplevelser av deras sexualitet efter att ha drabbats av bröstcancer. Detta för att kunna tillgodose det personanpassade stöd kvinnorna behöver. / Background: Sexuality is a central part of being human and follows through life. A functional sexuality is an important part of quality of life. Breast cancer represents often a big change and life can be experienced to be in chaos. Breast cancer affects women's sexual health since breasts connect with femininity, beauty and sexuality. Purpose: The purpose of this literature-based study was to describe how women experience their sexuality after suffering from breast cancer. Method: A literature-based study, in which eleven qualitative articles were analyzed. Results: The analysis resulted in three main themes: The changing body, A sexuality of change and the impact on the heterosexual relationship. Discussion: Changes in sexuality in women suffering from breast cancer was unexpected for them and affected their quality of life. They had hoped to get more information and support about how their sexuality could be affected. The study clearly demonstrates that nurses can´t meet women's desires because they feel insecure in talking about sexuality. However, it is the nurse's responsibility to give women the support they need to relieve their suffering. Conclusion: It is concluded that nurses need to gain a greater understanding of women's experiences of their sexuality after suffering from breast cancer. This is to cater to the personalized support women need.

Stroke are a common disease and it comes with big chances of disability after rehabilitation. Life after stroke can bring a different lifestyle and lots of feelings around this situation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze how people feel after being injured with stroke. Method: We have assumed that studying qualitative research articles according to Evans description of content analysis. Information has been sought in the databases Cinahl, PubMed and Discovery Results: The study results in four themes; Loneliness, trust, Despair and obstacles to health. From these themes eight sub-themes appear; Fear, alienation, support, work, grief, anger, struggle and performance anxiety.  Conclusion: There is, in the care of stroke patients, a lack of knowledge for how to respond to people who have suffered a stroke, and how to best deal with the feelings that come with the onset of the illness. It is clear that there is a need for more knowledge in this area in order for the caregivers to be able to give the patients adequate help, patients whom, after the onset of illness is experiencing anxiety about the future. / Stroke är en vanlig sjukdom med stor risk för allvarliga funktionsnedsättningar efter att ha blivit drabbad. Livet kan bli annorlunda efter en stroke och känslorna i samband med detta kan vara svåra att hantera. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa den känslomässiga upplevelsen av att drabbas av stroke Metod: Litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Genom att ha utgått ifrån att studera kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar enligt Evans beskrivning av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Fyra teman visar sig; Ensamhet, tillit, hopplöshet och hälsohinder. Utifrån dessa framkommer 8 subteman; Rädsla, utanförskap, stöd, arbete, sorg, ilska, kamp och prestationsångest. Slutsats: Det finns en brist inom vården för hur man skall bemöta människor som drabbats av en stroke och hur man skall ta sig an de olika känslor som kommer med insjuknandet. Det är tydligt att det behövs mer kunskap inom detta område så att vården kan ge adekvat hjälp till de drabbade, som tiden efter insjuknandet upplever en stor oro inför framtiden.

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