AIM The aim was to explore the experiences of HIV-positive individuals before and after gaining access to antiretroviral therapy in Wakiso District, Uganda and how antiretroviral therapy impacts certain aspects of those living with HIV, such as sexual behavior, support systems, faith and personal identity. METHODS Based on secondary data analysis of “Life On Antiretroviral Therapy: People’s Adaptive Coping And Adjustment To Living With HIV As A Chronic Condition In Wakiso District, Uganda” by Steven Russell (2015). The data was reanalysed using the conceptual framework from Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems model. RESULTS Six main themes will be presented including personal life after HIV diagnosis, acceptance of HIV status, disclosure of identity, changes in sexual behavior, different types of support systems, and increasing faith and strength from God. After receiving antiretroviral therapy, the quality of life seemed to improve for some of the participants. Participants described their experiences living with HIV/AIDS, such changes in personal goals and perception of self, immediate acceptance of positive HIV results, disclosure of identity to certain people, the different types of support offered from each support system they have, abstaining from sex and the use of contraceptives against future transmission. Furthermore, participants have also described an increase of faith and belief in God in order to cope with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION People living with HIV in Wakiso District, Uganda have described significant changes in their lives after receiving antiretroviral therapy. These changes affect them both physically and emotionally therefore more research must be done to investigate the influence of antiretroviral therapy on wellbeing.

The Black experience throughout the history sport has engendered significant transformations to the landscape and culture of both sport and society. However, in the present sociocultural climate of intercollegiate athletics, the disproportion of Black male student athletes in the revenue generating high profile sports have a unique experience in sport unlike their athlete and non-athlete counterparts. The uniqueness of these student athletes’ experiences exists in the ways in which they figure to negotiate their Blackness and their roles as an athlete and student contextualized within the current racial climate of sport culture. There remains a gap in existing literature and research of the conditions and lived experiences of Black student athletes concerning the developmental process of racial identity and its relationship with their athletic identities and academic self-concepts. The present research addresses this gap of knowledge about these stakeholders (i.e. the Black male student athlete) in sport by conducting a mix-methods study exploring the issues of identities, academic self-concept, and developing a deeper understanding based on the experiential knowledge of participants. The relationships between racial and athletic identity and academic self-concept were examined with a participant sample of Black male college football players at Division 1-A universities (N=255). Additionally, a qualitative instrumental case study grounded by Critical Race Theory explored the experiences and perceptions of eleven Black male student athletes participating in high profile athletic programs at predominately White institutions. The research findings indicate at least partial evidence of a relationship between pre-encounter assimilationist and miseducation attitudes with academic self-concept mediated by an elevated athletic identity of participants. There were five themes that emerged from the empirical materials. The themes are presented as: Lane Assignments, Allegiance to the Game versus Classroom, Race Matters??, Conformity, and Still at Work. This research illustrates that the identity, academic self-concepts and experiences of the Black male student athlete in college sport is vastly impacted by complex sociocultural systems. Findings suggest intercollegiate athletic support staff should purposefully accommodate the needs and experiences of student athletes with culturally relevant systems of practice to enhance student athlete development. / text

Focusing on increasing student diversity, special education teacher preparation programs must work towards developing preservice special education teachers’ ability to address culture, language, and disability in meeting the educational needs of students from socio-culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds with disabilities during the field-based experiences (Cloud, 1993, 2002; Garcia & Malkin, 1993; Kushner, 2008). Field-based experiences provide preservice special education teachers an opportunity to apply the knowledge and skills learned at the university while receiving guidance from teacher educators. Expanding on what has been reported in the literature, this study focused on what the Higher Education Consortium for Special Education (HECSE) member institutions are reporting about the preparation of preservice special education teachers to use culturally responsive teaching (CRT) with students from CLD backgrounds with disabilities during the field-based experience. The purpose of this non-experimental, mixed-methods study was to explore what coordinators of special education teacher preparation programs with specific knowledge of the field-based experience component are currently reporting about the preparation of preservice special education teachers to be culturally responsive in their work with students from CLD backgrounds with disabilities during the field-based experience. The following were addressed as a part of the survey: (a) demographic information (b) program preparation for addressing diversity, (c) incorporation of diversity standards, (d) conceptualization of how teachers learn to teach, (e) selection of field-based experiences, (f) supervision of preservice special education teachers, (g) facilitated reflection, and (h) outcomes. The survey yielded a response rate of 50%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis. The findings provided a more thorough understanding of the practices currently being reported by the HECSE member institutions to prepare preservice special education teachers to meet the educational needs of students from CLD backgrounds with disabilities during the field-based experience including: (a) incorporation of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) skills standards for multicultural competence (b) implementation of the components of CRT, and (c) facilitated reflection opportunities. Implications for the preparation of preservice special education teachers and future research are discussed. / text

Sport providers should be concerned with the participant experience, and in particular extraordinary experiences, as they have the potential to shift participant behaviors and attitudes to those desired by sport organizations. Extraordinary experiences are characterized by interpersonal interactions, separation from the usual, and feelings of self-transformation or personal growth (Arnould & Price, 1993). Due to the power, intensity, and transformative effects of these experiences, they can generate lasting shifts in beliefs and attitudes (Schouten, McAlexander & Koenig, 2007). This research project examined the relationship between the extraordinary experience and the personal transformation by examining the characteristics of the experience and impacts on participants. Texas 4000 is a community of cancer fighters who “train, fundraise, educate, and bring hope to those with cancer” for one year before their experience culminates with a 4,000 mile bike ride. University students apply to participate, and once accepted they begin planning, fundraising, volunteering and training for their ride to Alaska. Along the ride, they interact with members of the communities they pass through to spread “hope, knowledge, and charity.” Over 400 individuals have completed the ride within the last ten years. For this study, alumni participated in in-depth interviews about their experience and how it impacted their life. Participant impacts included feelings of empowerment, new perspectives and appreciations, a sense of meaning and purpose, and strong relationships that resulted in a sense of community with other riders, the organization, and the larger cancer community. Importantly, participants’ history and backgrounds influenced how participants interacted with the community and the impacts that they felt. Additionally, the extraordinary experience of the ride created enduring change in participants; the preparation for the extraordinary experience was not as impactful and merely allowed participants to develop the necessary skills to participate in the summer ride. / text

Different studies show that stress is a common feeling that newly graduated nurses experience during the first period in the profession. What causes the stress are high expectations that they have on themselves and the expectations from colleagues, as well as the fear of making a mistake while working as a nurse. Newly graduate nurses go through five stages of development from being novice to expert. The aim of this study was to describe work experiences of newly graduate nurses in hospital ward settings. The research method was a literature study based on ten qualitative articles. Articles were analyzed by using the method of Friberg (2012). Four main themes were identified: experiences of leadership; experiences of the relationship with colleagues; experiences of support; experiences of knowledge level. Colleagues and managers must respond to the needs of newly graduated nurses in an adequate way to create a friendly and supportive working environment, which in turn can contribute to the professional development of the newly graduated nurse. Nursing education should prepare students for professional careers in terms of socialization, leadership and organization.

Bakgrund: Autismspektrumtillstånd (AST) innebär en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning och begreppet autismspektrumstörning innefattar flera diagnoser som autistiskt syndrom, aspergers syndrom och atypisk autism. Föräldrar kan ofta missförstå beteenden som är karaktäristiska för AST och detta kan utveckla känslor av misslyckande samt hopplöshet inför barnets framtid. Dessutom kan det vara svårt för föräldrar att anpassa sig efter nya rutiner och ta hänsyn till barnets beteenden. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att bedöma familjens situation och se deras behov av hjälp och stöd. Syfte: Att belysa föräldrars upplevelser av att leva med barn med AST. Metod: Litteraturstudien bestod av nio kvalitativa artiklar som valts ut från databaserna PubMed, Scopus och Cinahl. Artiklarna granskades och analyserades med inspiration av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet resulterade i tre kategorier: ”Känna sig avskärmad från samhället”, ”Stora utmaningar som förälder” samt ”Familjen påverkas av AST”. Konklusion: Den bristande förståelsen för AST samt det bristande stödet kan vara en förklaring till att många föräldrar upplever känslor av depression, ångest och stress. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll i att vara närvarande och ge relevant stöd samt att uppmuntra föräldrarna för att de ska kunna växa i sitt föräldraskap. / Background: Autismspectrumdisorder (ASD) represents a neuropsychiatric disability and the concept of autism spectrum disorder includes several diagnoses such as autistic syndrome, asperger syndrome and atypical autism. Parents often misunderstand behaviors that are characteristic of ASD and this may develop feelings of failure and hopelessness about the future of the child. In addition, the difficulty for parents is to adapt to new routines and take into account the child's behavior. The nurse has an important role in assessing the situation of the family and see their need for help and support. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate parent’s experiences of living with children with ASD. Method: A literature study of nine qualitative articles from the databases PubMed, Scopus and Cinahl. The articles were reviewed and analysed with inspiration of a qualitative content analysis. Results: The results were resulted in three categories: “Feeling foreclosed from society”, “Major challenges as a parent” and “Family affects by AST”. Conclusions: The lack of understanding of AST as well as the lack of support can be one reason that many parents experience depression, anxiety and stress. The nurse has an important role to be present and provide relevant support and encourage parents to enable them to grow in their parenting.

Advance care planning (ACP) is defined as a process of open communication and information sharing between the health care team, the patient, and his/her family to enable patient’s wishes for future care and medical treatment to be explored and supported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of medical-surgical nurses working in Winnipeg, Manitoba in relation to ACP. This cross-sectional descriptive study involved the use of a questionnaire developed and used in Singapore and assessed for face validity by local experts. A sample of 218 registered nurses responded to the web-based survey. Nurses were found to have: a sound understanding of foundational ACP concepts; communal and also varied attitudes toward ACP; and reported variable levels of involvement in ACP with patients and families. The results of this study can be used to inform change within both the educational and clinical care settings. / October 2015

Bakgrund: Bröstcancer är den vanligaste formen av cancer hos kvinnor både i Sverige och internationellt. Kirurgi är en vanlig behandlingsmetod som innebär att man avlägsnar del av bröstet eller hela bröstet, så kallad mastektomi. Mastektomerade kvinnor rapporterar att de upplever ett sämre välbefinnande. Författarna vill uppmärksamma mastektomerade kvinnors upplevelser. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att vara mastektomerade. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar som var relevanta för syftet. Artiklarnas resultat granskades och likheter samt skillnader kunde urskiljas. Dessa analyserades och sammanställdes i teman. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra huvudteman och fem underteman. De fyra huvudtemana är: En förändrad kropp, Ett förändrat jag, Intima relationen med partnern och Acceptera den nya kroppen. Kvinnorna upplevde inte bara att kroppen förändrats men även de själva som personer. Kroppen upplevdes stympad och asymmetrisk. De var obekväma inför sin partner vilket medförde en negativ påverkan på sexlivet. De upplevde att människor tittade på dem vilket gjorde att de drog sig undan från det sociala livet. Vissa kvinnor upplevde skuldkänslor över att de inte var tacksamma över att ha överlevt utan istället fokuserade på hur fula de kände sig. Diskussion: I resultatdiskussionen användes livsvärldsteori som teoretisk utgångspunkt då syftet var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att vara mastektomerade. Kroppen är livsvärldens mittpunkt och med vilken vi upplever allt med. När kroppen förändras så påverkas vår livsvärld. De anhöriga ingår i vår livsvärld och stödet från dem var viktigt för att hjälpa kvinnorna att acceptera sin förändrade livsvärld. / Background: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer for women both in Sweden and international. The most common treatment is surgery and in many cases it implies mastectomy which means that the whole breast/breasts is being removed. The mastectomized women experience a deteriorated well-being. The authors wanted to emphasize the experiences of mastectomized women. Aim: The aim was to describe women’s experiences of being mastectomized. Method: A literature review based on ten qualitative articles which were relevant for the aim. The result of the articles were viewed and similarities and differences could be distinguished. These were analyzed and compiled into themes. Results: The result is presented in four main themes and five sub themes. The four main themes are: A changed body, A changed self, Intimate relationship with the partner and Accepting the new body. The women did not only experience that the body had changed but also that they changed as a person. The body felt mutilated and asymmetrical. They felt uncomfortable with their partner which induced a negative impact on the sex life. They felt that people looked at them which made them withdraw from the social life. Some women experienced feelings of guilt because they were not thankful over the fact that they survived but instead focused on how ugly they felt. Discussion: Life-world theory was used as a theoretical framework in the discussion of the result because the aim was to describe women´s experiences of being mastectomized. The body is the center of the life-world and with which we experience everything. Our life-world is affected when the body changes. The relatives is a part of our life-world and the support from them is important in helping the women accept their changed life-world.

Torra ögon beror på en tårfilmsdefekt och ger symtom såsom skav, irritation och dimsyn. Symtomen kan orsakas av till exempel sjukdomar, läkemedelbiverkningar eller miljöfaktorer. Syftet med denna pilotstudie var att undersöka patienters upplevelser av att ha torra ögon. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie med en induktiv ansats. Databearbetningen genomfördes med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys. Följande kategorier framkom: fysisk påverkan, begränsningar, att bli tagen på allvar, utvecklat ett förhållningssätt till sin situation samt stöd och social gemenskap. Patienter med torra ögon upplever att de påverkas fysiskt genom att ögonen till exempel skaver, kliar och smärtar. Vissa miljöer och aktiviteter påverkar symtomen i negativ riktning. Patienterna påverkas i sin vardag på så sätt att de har svårigheter att se på tv, att köra bil under längre tid eller att läsa. Vissa miljöer kan vara ansträngande att arbeta i. Bemötande och information från ögonsjukvården upplevs ibland som bristfällig. Patienterna verkar ändå acceptera sin situation, prövar sig fram och försöker hitta lösningar. Att kunna träffa och diskutera sin situation och sina behandlingar kring torra ögon med andra patienter i samma situation upplevs som positivt, då detta bidrar till social gemenskap och utveckling av egenvården. Ökad förståelse för hur patienter med torra ögon påverkas och upplever sin situation är viktigt för att kunna tillgodose patienternas egenvårdsbehov och för att ge sjukvårdspersonal evidensbaserad kunskap. Mer forskning, såväl flera som mer omfattande studier behövs för att öka kunskapen om patienter med torra ögon. / Dry eyes are due to a tear film defect, give symptoms such as chafing, eye irritation and blurred vision. The symptoms may be caused by, diseases, medication side effects or environmental factors. The aim of this pilot study was to examine patients ' experiences of having dry eyes. The study was conducted as a qualitative interview study with an inductive approach. Data processing was performed using a manifest content analysis. The following categories emerged; physical impact, limitations, to be taken seriously, developed an approach to his/her situation, and support and social community. Patients with dry eyes feel they are physically affected by chafing, itching and pain. Some environments and activities affect the symptoms in a negative direction. The patients are affected in daily life, such as difficulties watching television, to drive a car for longer periods of time, or to read. The personal treatment and information from staff in an eye department are sometimes seen as failing. Patients seem to accept their situation, they are testing their own ways trying to find solutions. To be able to meet and discuss their situation and their treatments of dry eye with other patients in the same situation is perceived as positive, as this contributes to a sense of social relationship and a development of patient self-care. Better understanding of how patients with dry eye are affected by and experiences their situation is important in order to meet patients ' self-care needs and to provide the medical staff evidence-based knowledge. There is a need to increase the knowledge about patients with dry eyes and their experiences to this problem. More extensive studies in this area need to be accomplished.

This qualitative study focused on the stories told by five, White, female teachers with a long-term commitment to teach at a predominantly Hispanic high school. The stories of these teachers' life experiences were part of a teaching journey that began long before their formal teacher preparation. Understanding the personal, practical knowledge embedded in the events and experiences of these teachers' journeys was important to study, as these teachers possessed an extremely positive personal and academic reputation with their mostly Hispanic students. This study shed light on possible reasons for these teachers' longetivity in the profession of teaching as well as their ability to bridge cultural differences potentially dividing them from their students.Data collection came from classroom observations, a questionnaire, and a series of three, semi-structured interviews. In a cross-case analysis of the narratives compiled from the data, three main types of stories were told: stories of cross-cultural experiences, difficult challenges, and conversations with students. The highs and lows of these unusual women's experiences provide cases for preservice teachers to consider as they prepare to teach an increasingly diverse student population. These cases also reinforce the importance of cross-cultural experiences and intimate knowledge of challenging issues facing Hispanic communities as a prerequisite both before and throughout teacher preparation programs. These cases also emphasize the importance of conversation as a cultural strategy in bridging the cultural divide with Hispanic students.