Bakgrund: En utmaning för många sjuksköterskor är att bemöta patienter som efterfrågar eutanasi. När en sjuksköterska möter en patient som efterfrågar eutanasi är det till fördel om hon kan förstå varför patienten efterfrågar detta och försöka sätta sig in i patientens situation. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa eutanasi ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie har genomförts där 15 artiklar har använts. Artiklarna analyserades och resultatet presenterades i fem kategorier. Resultat: Sjuksköterskans upplevelser av mötet med patienten som efterfrågar eutanasi påverkades av hennes moraliska värderingar, relationer med övrig vårdpersonal och anhöriga, kunskap, juridiska begränsningar och bristen av stöd från läkare. Det framkom att sjuksköterskorna upplevde en brist på stöd från kollegorna och att kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterskorna och läkarna inte alltid var tillfredsställande. Slutsats: Som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att kunna reflektera och sätta sina egna värderingar åt sidan samt att lyssna på patienten och skapa förtroende. Att skapa relationer med samtliga inblandade i patientens vård, samt att ha en öppen kommunikation påverkar sjuksköterskans upplevelser positivt. För att få en ökad förståelse och kunskap för ämnet krävs mer undervisning under sjuksköterskeutbildningen. Debriefing efter krävande situationer skulle leda till en ökad trygghet hos sjuksköterskor. / Background: A challenge for many registrated nurses is responding to patients who request euthanasia. When nurses meet patients who requests euthanasia, it is beneficial if they can understand why the patient made the request. Aim: The aim was to illustrate euthanasia from the nurse´s perspective. Method: The study was written as a common literature review, encompassing 15 articles. The articles were analysed and the result was presented in five categories. Result: The result indicates that nurses´experiences were influenced by her moral values. Other factors found were relationsships, knowledge and law and support. It was found that nurses experienced a lack of support by colleagues and that communication among nurses and doctors was not always satisfactory. Conclusion: As a nurse, it is important to reflect and listen to the patient to build trust. To create relationships and to have an open communication affects the nurse´s experience in a positive way. To get a better understanding and knowledge of the subject, more education is needed during nursing education. Debriefing after demanding situations would lead to a greater confidence among nurses.

Tidigare studier har fokuserat på barn och deras familjers upplevelser i samband med en hematologisk malignitet, framförallt leukemi. Hematologiska maligniteter är ett samlingsnamn för leukemi och några andra blodsjukdomar. Prevalensen för sjukdomarna ökar och främst vuxna drabbas. Syftet med studien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med en hematologisk malignitet. Metoden för denna litteraturöversikt var kvalitativ. Fem artiklar och två avhandlingar analyserades. Studiens resultat utvecklades till fyra huvudteman: att få en sjukdom, att genomgå behandling, upplevelse av vårdmöten och att skakas om i sin livsvärld. Resultatet visar att sjukdomen upplevs som ett osynligt hot och att det ibland förekommer ett vårdlidande som beror på bristfälligt engagemang för människan bakom den sjuka kroppen. Att genomgå en svår tid med lidandets olika aspekter, förändrade oftast människors syn på sig själva och sina medmänniskor. Relationer fördjupades. Förbättringar i omvårdnadsarbetet kan göras genom ökad fokus på patienters känslomässiga lidande då studien visar att denna aspekt ibland förbises och detta resulterar i en objektifiering av patienter. / Previous studies have focused on children and their families' experiences in connection with a haematological malignancy, especially leukemia. Hematolocical malignancies is a collective name for leukemia and other blood diseases. The prevalence of diseases is increasing and affects mainly adults. The purpose of this study is to describe patients' experiences of living with a haematological malignancy. The methodology for this literature review was qualitative. Five articles and two dissertations were analyzed. Results of the study, developed into four main themes: to get a disease, to undergo treatment, experience of care meetings and to shake in their life-world. The result shows that the disease is perceived as an invisible threat, and that sometimes there is a health suffering due to inadequate involvement of the person behind the disease body. To undergo a difficult time with various aspects of suffering often alters people's views of themselves and their fellow human beings and relationships deepen. Improvements in care work can be done by increasing the focus on patients' emotional distress when the study shows that this aspect is sometimes overlooked and it results in an objectification of patients.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en kronisk sjukdom som blir allt vanligare i västvärlden, underliggande hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar är ofta bidragande orsaker till att hjärtsvikt uppstår. Sjukdomen har en allvarlig påverkan på kroppen och gör att personers hälsa sätts ur balans. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa upplevelser av att leva med diagnostiserad hjärtsvikt med minst NYHA II. Metod: En litteraturstudie har gjorts och baserats på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Personer med hjärtsvikt upplever fysisk, social och psykisk påverkan på livet på grund av sjukdomen. Det väcker känslor av ilska, frustration och ångest. Personerna har ofta behov av att göra livstilsförändringar som påverkar deras sociala nätverk negativt och skapar känslor av ensamhet och sorg. Många funderar mycket på framtiden och hur familjesituationen kan komma att förändras. Diskussion: Fynden som diskuteras är den fysiska påverkan, osäkerheten inför framtiden och hur familj- och närståenderelationerna kan förändras. Slutord: Som sjuksköterska och andra yrkesgrupper inom vården  är det viktigt att  ha förståelse för vilka känslor som personer med hjärtsvikt har och upplever. Genom att förstå vilka fysiska begränsningar personerna har och vilka upplevelser det skapar, kan omvårdnadsarbetet underlättas. / Background: Heart failure is a chronic disease that is becoming increasingly more common in the Western civilization, where the underlying cardiovascular diseases often are contributing factors to the occurrence of heart failure. The disease has a serious impact on the body and makes health out of balance. Aim: The aim was to highlight experiences of living with diagnosed heart failure graded at least as NYHA II. Methods: A literature review has been made based on 13 scientific articles. Results: People’s experiences of living with heart failure are physical, social and psychological impact on life due to the disease. It arouses feelings of anger, frustration and anxiety. People often need to make lifestyle changes that affect their social networks negatively and this creates feelings of loneliness and sadness. Many think a lot about the future and how the family situation may change. Discussion: The findings which have been discussed are the physical impact, uncertainty about the future and how family and close relationships can change.Conclusion: As a nurse and other professionals in health care it´s important to understand the feelings that people with heart failure have. By understanding the physical limitations and the experiences it creates, nursing work might become easier.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Perioden innan den aktiva förlossningsfasens start benämns latensfas. Den är svårdefinierad eftersom den kan yttra sig på olika sätt och varierar i längd. Blivande föräldrar som anländer till förlossningsavdelning söker stöd och bekräftelse hos barnmorskan när de tror att förlossningen har startat men är oroliga för att bli hemskickade igen. Syftet: Att undersöka och belysa förstagångsföräldrars upplevelser av latensfas. Metod: Semistrukturerad intervjustudie, data bearbetades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Deltagare: Fem svensktalande förstagångsföräldrapar och en förstföderska som fått barn juni-augusti, år 2011. Resultat: Förlossningstarten upplevdes av blivande föräldrarna som en känslomässigt laddad period präglad av blandade känslor. Svårhanterbar smärta och behov av bekräftelse initierade deras sökande av stöd hosbarnmorskan. Lugnande besked och valmöjligheter upplevdes av paren som positivt oavsett om de fick återvända hem. Blivande fäderna upplevde att de hade svårt att känna sig delaktiga och stödja sin partner under latensfasen. Slutsats: Barnmorskans stödjande roll ansågs viktig för de blivande föräldrarna under latensfasen. Därför uttrycker de behov av individuellt anpassat stöd i föräldraskap. För blivande föräldrar är det viktigt att barnmorskan/vårdpersonalen tar dem på allvar, stödjer dem samt ser den blivande pappan som en likvärdig person vid deras barns födelse. / Background: The time period before the true labor phase begins is called latent phase. It is hard to define because it can manifest it self in different ways and vary in length. When soon parents-to-be arrives at the maternity ward and think their labour started, they look for support and acknowledgement from the midwife, but they worries to be sent back home again. Purpose: To research and expound the experiences from pre-labor of first-time parents. Method: Conduct semistructured interviews, process collected data using qualitative content analysis. Participants: Five Swedish speaking first-time parents and one first-time mother that have given birth June-August 2011. Results: These soon to be parents experienced the start of the delivery process as extra emotional period of time filled with mixed feelings. The one come of intense pain and the need of confirmation initiated their search for support from the midwife. Answers to their questions and possible choices were perceived as calming and positive even if they had to return home. The soon to be fathers had difficulty in feeling that they had an active role during the latent phase period and thus found it difficult to express support for their spouses. Conclusion: The midwife’s supporting role is considered important by the parents-to-be during the latent phase. They express a need for custom planned training for prenatal parenting. Soon to be parents its`important that the midwife/medical-staff should be taken them seriously, support the mand that the father-to-be is regarded as an equal participant in their child’s birth.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Stroke är ett samlingsnamn för olika kärlsjukdomar i hjärnan. Ätsvårigheter definieras som en eller flera svårigheter som inverkar negativt på förberedelse och intag av mat och/eller dryck. Ät- och sväljningsproblem efter stroke kan leda till malnutrition, uttorkning och viktnedgång. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva patienters upplevelser av ätsvårigheter efter stroke. Metod: Metoden för detta arbete är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Sökningen genomfördes i databaser inom vård och medicin såsom Cinahl, Pubmed, Amed (Ebsco) och PsycINFO dessutom gjordes en manuell sökning i artiklarnas referenslistor. Sökorden som användes var Stroke, Cerebrovascular Accidents, Eating, Eating Difficulties, Eating Disorders och Life Experiences. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades som analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Ur analysen framkom två kategorier: upplevelse av kroppsliga problem med att äta mat och psykosociala upplevelser av ändrad ätsituation. Den första kategorin innefattade två underkategorier: Svårigheter med intag av mat och svårigheter med att hantera maten i munnen och sväljningen. Den andra kategorin innefattade fem underkategorier. Dessa var att vara beroende av andras hjälp vid måltider, upplevelse av rädsla vid måltider, förändrad upplevelse av smak, upplevelse av skam och olust och upplevelse av övergivenhet och isolering vid måltider. Konklusion: Studien visar att leva med ätsvårigheter efter stroke är ett komplext fenomen. Strokedrabbade med ätsvårigheter upplever fysiska och psykosociala svårigheter. Resultatet kan användas till planering av individuell omvårdnadsplan, förebygga komplikationer såsom undernäring, öka välbefinnande och minska vårdtider efter stroke.   Nyckelord: Stroke, upplevelser, ätsvårigheter. / Abstract Background: Stroke is a generic term for various diseases of the brain. Eating difficulties is defined as one or more problems that adversely affect the preparation and consumption of food and/or drink. Eating and swallowing problems after stroke can lead to malnutrition, dehydration and weight loss. Aim: The aim is to describe patients' experiences of eating difficulties after stroke. Method: The method of this work is a systematic literature review. The search was conducted in the databases in health and medicine such as Cinahl, Pubmed, Amed (Ebsco) and PsycINFO, and also based on a manual search of articles in reference lists. Keywords used were Stroke, Cerebrovascular Accidents, Eating, Eating Difficulties, Eating Disorders and Life Experiences. It included ten scientific articles that were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Findings: From the analysis revealed two categories: the experience of physical problems with eating food and psychosocial experiences of change in eating situations. The first category included two sub-categories: difficulties with food intake and difficulties in dealing with food in your mouth and swallowing. The second category included five subcategories. These were to be dependent on others at meal times, the experience of fear at meals, taste disturbance, sense of shame and pain and experience of abandonment and isolation at mealtimes. Conclusion: The study shows that living with eating difficulties after stroke is a complex phenomenon. Stroke affects the eating experience physical and psychosocial difficulties. The result can be used for planning of individual care plan, prevent complications such as malnutrition, increase welfare and reduce hospital stays after stroke.   Keywords: Stroke, experiences, eating difficulties.

Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar äldre, över 65 år, patienters upplevelse av beröring, dess effekter samt belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att ge beröring. Metoden är en systematisk litteraturstudie, baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar sökta via databaserna Cinahl, Cochrane och sökmotorn Elin@dalarna.Resultatet visade att genus, livserfarenhet, yrkeskompetens hos sjuksköterskan, relationer samt vilken del av kroppen som berördes var faktorer som styrde patientens upplevelse av beröring från sjuksköterskan.Sjuksköterskors upplevelse av att ge beröring visades genom en helhetssyn av patienten, ge bekräftelse, vårda med respekt samt kunna beröra på ett naturligt sätt. Beröring visades ha goda effekter både hos den äldre patienten och sjuksköterskan genom att relationsbanden mellan dem styrktes, minskade sömnproblemen samt lindrade smärta, stress och oro hos den äldre patienten.

Younger and older adults’ susceptibility to the continued influence of inferences in memory was examined using a paradigm implemented by Wilkes and Leatherbarrow. Research has shown that younger adults have difficulty forgetting inferences they make after reading a passage, even if the information that the inferences are based on is later shown to be untrue. The current study examined the effects of these inferences on memory in the lab and tested whether older adults, like younger adults, are influenced by the lingering effects of these false inferences. In addition, this study examined the nature of these inferences, by examining younger and older adults’ subjective experiences and confidence associated with factual recall and incorrect inference recall. Results showed that younger and older adults are equally susceptible to the continued influence of inferences. Both younger and older adults gave primarily remember judgments to factual questions but primarily believe judgments to inference questions. This is an important finding because it demonstrates that people may go against what they remember or know occurred because of a lingering belief that the information might still be true. Also, the finding that participants do actually give more believe responses to inference questions is important because it demonstrates that there is a third state of awareness that people will readily use when making inferences. Participants were also more confident when making remember and know judgments compared to believe judgments. This is an interesting finding because it supports the theory that both remember and know judgments can be associated with high confidence.

Foreign Spouses¡¦ Families on Parents¡¦ Rearing Attitude, Children¡¦s Life Adjustments and Creative Experiences Abstract This study investigated the relationship among parents¡¦ rearing attitude, their children¡¦s ¡§life adjustment¡¨ and ¡§creative experiences¡¨ in foreign spouses¡¦ families by analyzing data from questionnaire. A total of 820 participants from Kaohsiung municipal elementary school 5th and 6th grade students (337 students from foreign spouses¡¦ families and 483 from native families) were studied. Data collected by ¡§fathers¡¦ child-rearing scales¡¨, ¡§mothers¡¦ child-rearing scales¡¨, ¡§lifetime creative experiences scales¡¨ and ¡§children life adjustment scales¡¨ were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis and one-way MANOVA methods. The results indicated: (1) A significant difference in children adjustments and creative experiences results from different parents¡¦ rearing attitudes. Major findings included: (i) The ¡§open-minded authoritative¡¨ parents rearing attitude results in best performance in children¡¦s ¡§life adjustment¡¨ whiles the ¡§neglecting indifferent¡¨ rearing attitude results in worst ¡§life adjustment¡¨. (ii) The ¡§open-minded authoritative¡¨ and ¡§permissive indulgent¡¨ parents rearing attitude results in better performance in children¡¦s ¡§creative experiences¡¨ than the ¡§neglecting indifferent¡¨ and ¡§authoritarian¡¨ rearing attitude ones. (2)Child-rearing attitudes of foreign spouses¡¦ families and native families are different. Native families tend to have ¡§open-minded authoritative¡¨ parenting attitudes while the foreign spouses¡¦ families are most likely to have ¡§neglecting indifferent¡¨ parenting attitudes. (3) The following are major factors considered contribute to parents¡¦ rearing attitude of foreign spouses¡¦ families at different degree: (i) Sex: The gender difference of children show significantly related with of parents¡¦ child-rearing attitude and their children¡¦s adjustment and creative experiences. (ii) Mothers¡¦ nationalities: The mothers¡¦ nationalities were significantly related with the fathers¡¦ child-rearing attitude. Mothers¡¦ nationalities are not significantly related with children¡¦s creative experiences. (iii) Grades: The grades of children are not significantly related with of parents¡¦ child-rearing attitude and their children¡¦s adjustment and creative experiences. (iv) Living status: Whether the children live together with their parents or not are not significantly related with the attitude styles of parents¡¦ child-rearing, and creative experiences. (4) Parents¡¦ rearing attitude and children¡¦s ¡§life adjustment¡¨ and ¡§creative experiences¡¨ are correlated. (5) There are significant differences in ¡§mothers¡¦ child-rearing attitudes¡¨ between foreign spouses¡¦ and native family. (6) There are no differences in life adjustment and creative experiences between the foreign spouses¡¦ families and native families.

The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between life experiences, creative personality and creative thinking of college students in Taiwan. Investigation method was employed in the study. The employed instruments included College Student Life Experiences Questionnaire, Creativity Test (Verbal-bamboo chopsticks, figure-¤H), and Creative Personality Scale developed by H. G. Gough (1978). The participants were college students in Taiwan. 2443 college students were sampled to finish College Student Life Experiences Questionnaire, and 456 students of them also had to finish Creativity Test and Creative Personality Scale at the same time. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way MANOVA , and canonical correlation. The main findings of this study were as following¡G 1. Life experiences of college students in Taiwan could been classified eight kind of styles which including ¡uexploring experiences¡v, ¡uadventure experiences¡v , ¡uteam works¡v,¡uculture experiences¡v,¡ufashion life¡v ,¡umaking money¡v, ¡uinformation getting¡vand¡urisk seeking ¡v. The study present team works was the most students ever tried. 2. There were significant differences of life experiences and creative thinking in different gender, grade, college (Art College, Science College, Social Science College) and school type (University, The Normal University, Technical and Vocational College) students in Taiwan. 3. There were significant canonical correlation among the college students¡¦ background, creative personality and life experiences. The study finding revealed the junior and senior of The Normal University have more different kind experiences, than any others, especially in¡uadventure experiences¡v, ¡uteam works¡v, ¡uculture experiences¡v and ¡urisk seeking ¡v. They also had more creative personalities and didn¡¦t think they were interest narrow and commonplace. 4. There were significant canonical correlation among eight life experiences styles and creative thinking. The result present¡uexploring experiences¡v, ¡uteam works¡v, ¡uculture experiences¡v, ¡ufashion life¡vand ¡uinformation getting¡vhad positive effects on the verbal and figure creative thinking, especially on verbal creative thinking. 5. There were significant canonical correlation among the college students¡¦ background, creative personality and creative thinking. The finding revealed the junior or senior, art college and the normal university female students present better in creative thinking than any others. They also had more positive creative personalities for example, confident, resourceful and original.