The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships between perceived maternal rejection and psychological distress of adolescents. In addition to that, mediator roles of early maladaptive schemas in this relationship were explored. A total of 356 second-grade high school students (198 females and 158 males) were participated in the study. Participants ranged in age from 15 to 18 (M = 16.17, SD= 0.53). Data was collected by a questionnaire packet consisting Demographic data form, Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), Parental Acceptance and Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) , trait part of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), trait part of State-Trait Anger Inventory (ANG-T) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Preceding the main analyses, factor analysis for YSQ was performed. It yielded three higher-order factors for YSQ as Impaired Limits- Exaggerated Standards, Disconnection-Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness. Following factor analysis, ANOVAs were employed to assess differences between adolescents perceiving high acceptance and high rejection in terms of psychological distress measures (i.e., anger, positive affect, negative affect, and anxiety). It was found that adolescents perceiving high rejection were more likely to experience anger, negative affect, and anxiety than those perceiving high acceptance. In order to test whether Impaired Limits-Exaggerated Standards, Disconnection-Rejection, and Impaired Autonomy-Other Directedness mediate the relationship between perceptions of maternal rejection and adolescents&rsquo / anger, positive affect, negative affect, and anxiety respectively, separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted as suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986). Mediation analyses revealed in general that both maternal rejection and schema domains had main effects on psychological distress measures. However, none of the schema domains did mediate the relationship between maternal rejection and psychological distress measures except for the disconnection-rejection schema domain. The result revealed that disconnection-rejection schema domain mediated the relationship between maternal rejection and anger. These findings were discussed with reference to the relevant literature. Future research topics were suggested and therapeutic implications of the study were discussed.

The present study aimed 1) to examine possible influences of demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, marital status, sibling number, mother&rsquo / s education, father&rsquo / s education) on the various measures of the study (i.e., schema domains, self-orientations, and well-being measures i.e. depression, positive affect, negative affect, and reassurance-seeking) / 2) to examine the differences of schema domains on self-orientations of Balanced Integration Differentiation Model and also on well-being, and 3) to analyse the differences of four self-construals of Balanced Integration Differentiation Model on schema domains and well-being measures. In order to fulfill these aims 501 people between the ages 18-50 participated in the study. According to the results, having strong characteristics of schema domains were related to low levels of self-orientation dimensions of interpersonal integration orientation and intrapersonal differentiation orientation. Moreover,there was a positive correlation between having strong characteristics of schema domains and high depression, negative affect, and reassurance-seeking, but low positive affect. On the other hand, low level of related individuation self-construal was related to having high characteristics of schema domains. In addition to this,having high level of separated-patterning was positively correlated with having high characteristics of schema domains. In addition, self-construal of relatedindividuation was found to be related to high positive affect and correlated with low levels of depression, negative affect, and reassurance-seeking. Finally, separated-patterning was found to be related to low level of positive affect, while it was found to be correlated with high level of depression, negative affect, and reassurance-seeking. Findings, future directions, and clinical implications were discussed in the discussion section.

Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-50).

The present study aimed to assess whether there is an association of Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) in acute Axis I disorders in a mixed clinical population of 21 women and 10 men, aged between 18 and 57 years. For this purpose, two evaluation instruments were used: the Young Schema Questionnaire - Short version (YSQ-S3) and the MINI diagnostic interview Plus Version 5.0.0. For this method, cross-sectional descriptive study with a quantitative approach was performed. The sample allowed us to evaluate the association of EMS with the diagnostic category of anxiety, mood, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD. After collecting data, the data were subjected to statistical analyzes, performed by Fisher's exact test procedures. The results were the significance p 043 Subjugation of the EID for the group of anxiety disorders and a significance p 048 second schematic Domain - Autonomy and impaired performance for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and GAD, compared to other diagnostic found in studies of anxiety. No associations of EMS for bipolarity GAD and mood disorders were found. The current literature indicates that the Schema Theory has been applied most often to personality disorders, however the stability of Early Maladaptive Schemas combine as a vulnerability factor for mood disorders and anxiety. Therefore, Schema Therapy has shown relevance for acute disorders, especially among the more chronic cases of mood and anxiety disorders, which have high levels of EMS. Research is needed to strengthen this assertion and better identify cases that may benefit most. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal averiguar a existência de associação de Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos (EIDs) em transtornos agudos de Eixo I numa amostra clínica mista de 21 mulheres e 10 homens, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 57 anos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos de avaliação: o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - versão breve (YSQ-S3) e a entrevista diagnóstica M.I.N.I. Plus Version 5.0.0. Para tal, foi realizado como método um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra possibilitou avaliar associação de EIDs com a categoria diagnóstica de ansiedade, de humor, de bipolaridade, de transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) e da comorbidade de transtorno de pânico com agorafobia e TAG. Após a coleta, os dados foram submetidos a procedimentos estatísticos e análises realizadas através do Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados encontrados foram uma significância p 0,043 do EID de Subjugação para o grupo de transtornos de ansiedade e uma significância p 0,048 do segundo Domínio esquemático Autonomia e desempenho prejudicados para a comorbidade de pânico com agorafobia e TAG, em comparação aos outros diagnósticos de ansiedade encontrados nos estudos. Não foram encontradas significâncias de EIDs para bipolaridade, TAG e em transtornos de humor. A literatura atual aponta que a Teoria do Esquema tem sido aplicada mais frequentemente a perturbações da personalidade, entretanto a estabilidade dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos combinam como um fator de vulnerabilidade para transtornos de humor e ansiedade. Assim sendo, a Terapia do Esquema vem apresentando relevância para os transtornos agudos, especialmente entre os casos mais crônicos de humor e ansiedade, que apresentam níveis elevados de EIDs. Pesquisas ainda são necessárias para reforçar tal afirmação e identificar melhor os casos que podem se beneficiar mais.

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Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-04-15T14:15:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Cardoso Paim.pdf: 344409 bytes, checksum: 0f6eee7b714c14bb6a4866cf91adf7b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-15T14:15:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelly Cardoso Paim.pdf: 344409 bytes, checksum: 0f6eee7b714c14bb6a4866cf91adf7b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-31 / Nenhuma / O relacionamento violento entre casais vem sendo entendido como um problema de saúde pública mundial e, ao longo dos últimos anos, muitos estudos se dedicam a compreender o fenômeno. Entretanto, não há unanimidade sobre as variáveis relacionadas a um padrão conjugal violento, revelando ainda uma carência de estudos explicativos que ajudem na elaboração de intervenções mais efetivas. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que a dinâmica conjugal violenta é um fenômeno complexo e interacional, a presente dissertação objetiva identificar variáveis que expliquem o desenvolvimento e a manutenção da dinâmica violenta entre casais, especialmente os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos propostos por Jeffrey Young na Terapia do Esquema. O documento da dissertação está composto por dois artigos. No primeiro, é exposto um perfil discriminante entre sujeitos com histórico de violência física contra o parceiro íntimo na relação atual e os sujeitos sem histórico. No segundo, foi investigado o poder das experiências na família de origem e dos Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos como preditores da violência física cometida e sofrida na relação conjugal entre homens e mulheres. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo com 362 participantes, utilizando-se como instrumentos: Young Schema Quetionnaire (YSQ-S3), Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2) e o Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ). Os resultados revelaram que os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos, em especial do primeiro domínio esquemático, são variáveis fundamentais para a compreensão da violência física conjugal. Com isso, acredita-se que os resultados auxiliem na compreensão sobre a dinâmica das relações violentas, contribuindo para a elaboração de programas de prevenção e intervenção. Sugere-se que os tratamentos terapêuticos para casais em situação de violência devam estar baseados em intervenções que possam ir além dos comportamentos violentos, mas que considerem também os Esquemas Inicias Desadaptativos primários. / The violent relationship between couples has been understood as a public health problem worldwide and, over the past few years, many studies are devoted to understanding the phenomenon. However, there is no unanimity about the variables that explain the marital violence, also revealing a lack of explanatory studies that help in the development of more effective interventions. Starting from the assumption that marital violence dynamics is a complex and interactional phenomenon, this dissertation aims to identify variables that explain the development and maintenance of violent dynamic between couples, especially the Early Maladaptive Schemas proposed by Jeffrey Young in Schema Therapy. The document is composed of two articles. In the first one, is exposed discriminant profile among subjects with a history of physical violence against intimate partners and subjects without historic. On the second, we investigate the power of experiences in the family of origin and Initial Maladaptive Schemas as predictors of physical violence in the marital relationship between men and women. The results showed that Early Maladaptive Schemas, especially the first schematic domain, are fundamental variables for understanding the intimate physical violence. Thus, we believe that the results help in understanding the dynamics of violent relationships, contributing to the development of intervention and prevention programs. It is suggested that therapeutic treatments for couples in a violent situation should be based on interventions that go beyond the violent behaviors, but also consider the Early Maladaptive Schemas.

Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Young’s early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.

Theses Title: Cognitive construct of attachment by addicted people Autor: Ivana Křížová ABSTRACT This dissertation thesis aims to the theme of attachment as a cognitive construct. The purpose is to explore if is a relation between attachment style and the cognitive constructs that are associated with it by addicted people. The thesis is based on on the theory of personal constructs and personal meaning of events in the life of people. The theoretical part describes theory of attachment, cognitive constructs and addiction. The empirical part describes research design and data analysis. To the research was used a research battery that measured attachment style, early maladaptive schemas and cognitive constructs related to attachment. The research battery consisted of Adult Attachment Projective (AAP), Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR), Young Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and non-standardized Cognitive Construct Questionnaire (DKK). The research group consisted of 91 probands, probands with addicted disorder, probands with psychiatric disorder and non-clinical population. Results are partly confirmed relation between cognitive constructs and attachment style. It was confirmed that the consensus of measurement of the attachment styles is significantly higher in the safe style of attachment. Addicted...

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