The relationship between humans and the rest of the natural world has become discordant. Many of the harmful effects of this relationship, such as unsustainable forestry practices and oil spills, are easily visible. Conversely, much of the harm, such as the effects of climate change, is subtle and difficult to perceive. Landscape architecture, as a discipline and practice, is well-suited to lead a shift toward a healthier relationship between human and non-human nature. This practicum seeks to make various climate change-related phenomena within Manitoba landscapes visible. Conceived as tourist destinations, three distinct landscapes likely to undergo dramatic climate change-induced alterations are identified. For each site an intervention is proposed highlighting these changes. Thus, a global phenomenon is made visible at a local scale.

The relationship between humans and the rest of the natural world has become discordant. Many of the harmful effects of this relationship, such as unsustainable forestry practices and oil spills, are easily visible. Conversely, much of the harm, such as the effects of climate change, is subtle and difficult to perceive. Landscape architecture, as a discipline and practice, is well-suited to lead a shift toward a healthier relationship between human and non-human nature. This practicum seeks to make various climate change-related phenomena within Manitoba landscapes visible. Conceived as tourist destinations, three distinct landscapes likely to undergo dramatic climate change-induced alterations are identified. For each site an intervention is proposed highlighting these changes. Thus, a global phenomenon is made visible at a local scale.

Pixaim assentou o seu lugar no mundo sobre dunas móveis da margem alagoana da foz do rio São Francisco. Não há registros históricos sobre a origem do povoado, mas a partir de levantamento de memória oral podemos estimar um século de assentamento no território. No passado as pessoas de Pixaim viviam da cultura do arroz em fazendas na várzea do São Francisco. Com a subtração desta atividade, a população do povoado diminuiu e a sobrevivência material e cultural ficou comprometida. Em 1983 foi criada a Área de Proteção Ambiental-APA de Piaçabuçu que abarcou Pixaim e outros povoados como o Pontal da Barra, na foz do São Francisco e, com os qual as pessoas de Pixaim desenvolveram uma prática de apropriação conjugada e valorativa do lugar de habitação. Com a APA os povoados passaram a ser merecedores de proteção ambiental especial e o uso dos recursos disponíveis no meio ambiente ficou vinculado a prescrições definidas em lei. Com o desfecho de um conflito explícito os moradores do Pontal da Barra foram expulsas da foz pela gestão da APA, e a área “recuperou” feições cênicas adequadas ao turismo ecológico. Neste contexto, a paisagem de Pixaim se transformou em objeto de desejo e consumo do turismo ecológico. Neste estudo buscou-se compreender as mediações na construção do imaginário turístico sobre Pixaim, através das representações disponíveis em fontes informacionais. Procurou-se analisar as narrativas nas fotografias veiculadas sobre o povoado em sites de turismo de Piaçabuçu, município do qual Pixaim e a foz do rio São Francisco são integrantes. Valendo-se da fotografia, os próprios moradores de Pixaim registraram o cotidiano do lugar para um “álbum” que, neste trabalho, revela os olhares “de dentro” (moradores de Pixaim) e “de fora” ( agentes envolvidos na promoção do turismo ecológico). O estudo foi estruturado em uma abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisa e análise das informações em suportes midiáticos, mais a metodologia da etnografia, história oral, observação participante e entrevista. / Pixaim settled its place on the world of moving sand dunes of the Alagoas margin at the mouth of the São Francisco River. There are no historical records of the origin of that village, but the oral memory survey allows us to estimate a century of settlement in the territory. In the past, people of Pixaim used to make their living by rice farming on farms in the lowland of the São Francisco River. Along with the subtraction of this activity, the population of the village decreased as well as the survival of its material and cultural life were jeopardized. In 1983, it was established the Area of Environmental Protection (APA) of Piaçabuçu that comprises Pixaim and other settlements at the mouth of the São Francisco River, such as Pontal da Barra, with which the people of Pixaim has developed a practice of conjugal and evaluative appropriation of the dwelling place. The establishment of the APA has led the settlements to a special environmental protection, as the use of its available environmental resources are attached to what has been prescript in law. An outcome of an explicit conflict, the people of Pontal da Barra were banished from the mouth of the river by the APA’s management and the area “recovered” scenic features appropriate to the eco-tourism. In this context, the landscape of Pixaim has become an object of desire and consumption of ecological tourism. In this study, we sought to understand mediations in the construction of the tourist imaginary about Pixaim through the representations available in multimedia information. An attempt to analyze the narratives presented on photographs on tourist sites of Piaçabuçu, municipality of which Pixaim and the mouth of the São Francisco River are members. The photographs taken by the residents of Pixaim recorded the daily life of the village for an “album” that, for this work, illustrates the confrontation between the “inside” gaze (the residents of Pixaim) and “the outside” one (the agents involved in the promotion of eco-tourism). This study was structured in a qualitative approach, with information research and analysis in media added to the methodology of the ethnography, oral history, participant observation and interviews.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carreiro_ea_me_rcla.pdf: 1139053 bytes, checksum: b366f8da0fd73b37e744fd0c4c3c5b73 (MD5) / O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar as atividades físicas associadas ao ecoturismo no município de Itapetininga, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, para analisar alguns aspectos da interferência dessas atividades no meio ambiente, como ocorre sua organização, a interface com o poder público e o papel da Organização não-governamental como mediadora destas questões. Procura-se analisar o impacto, na cultura local, das atividades conhecidas como esportes de aventura; as suas conexões com as práticas do ecoturismo; e se as mesmas implicam em algum envolvimento ou preocupação com a comunidade local. Os procedimentos da pesquisa foram desenvolvidos com um enfoque qualitativo, estruturado através de entrevistas direcionadas ao poder público, a uma organização não-governamental e a uma empresa organizadora de eventos de ecoturismo. Destacam-se neste trabalho, a análise e o recorte histórico das atividades de lazer desenvolvidas na cidade de Itapetininga, principalmente nos séculos XIX e XX, desde as atividades livres e intermitentes até as atividades institucionalizadas. Considerações sobre a comunidade; a natureza e a cultura; o lazer e o turismo também fazem parte das análises. No âmbito da Educação Física foi analisada a aproximação do trabalho desenvolvido pelos profissionais da área, com os pressupostos teóricos descritos acima. Assim, poderiam ser alavancados mais estudos sobre as novas modalidades esportivas, como as do esporte de aventura. Observa-se que essas práticas muitas vezes se desenvolvem sem critérios adequados, e ficam dispersas entre as fases de planejamento, execução e avaliação. Entendemos que a Educação Física pode desempenhar um papel fundamental como mediadora desta discussão. Os profissionais da área deveriam ter a capacidade de se concentrar em qualquer uma das três esferas estudadas... . / The main objective with this study is to identify physical activities associated to eco-tourism in the County of Itapetininga, located at São Paulo State inner area, in order to analyze some interference aspects of those activities in the environment, how their organization occurs, the relations with the Public Government, and the Non-Governmental Organization's role as mediator of such questions. It also searches to analyze the impact of the activities known as adventure sports in the local culture; their connections with eco-tourism practices; and whether those same activities result in any commitment or concern about the local community. The research procedures were developed upon a qualitative focus, which had been structured by means of interviews directed to the Public Government, to a Non-Governmental Organization, and to an eco-tourism events management company. The analysis and the historical excerpts of the leisure activities developed in the County of Itapetininga, mainly in the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries, from intermittent and free activities to institutionalized activities are also highlighted in this research. Considerations on the community, nature and culture, leisure and tourism are part of such analysis too. The nearing between the work developed by professionals and the theoretical assumptions formerly described was analyzed in the Physical Education area. Therefore, could be launched other studies on new sports, such as adventure sports. It has been observed that those practices are often developed without adequate criteria, and disperse among planning, execution and evaluation phases. We understand that Physical Education can play a fundamental role as mediator in this discussion. Professionals of the area should have the ability to concentrate on any of the three studied domains. In other words... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: Carmen Maria Aguiar / Banca: Leila Marrach Basto de Albuquerque / Banca: Wenceslao Machado de Oliveira Junior / Resumo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar as atividades físicas associadas ao ecoturismo no município de Itapetininga, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, para analisar alguns aspectos da interferência dessas atividades no meio ambiente, como ocorre sua organização, a interface com o poder público e o papel da Organização não-governamental como mediadora destas questões. Procura-se analisar o impacto, na cultura local, das atividades conhecidas como esportes de aventura; as suas conexões com as práticas do ecoturismo; e se as mesmas implicam em algum envolvimento ou preocupação com a comunidade local. Os procedimentos da pesquisa foram desenvolvidos com um enfoque qualitativo, estruturado através de entrevistas direcionadas ao poder público, a uma organização não-governamental e a uma empresa organizadora de eventos de ecoturismo. Destacam-se neste trabalho, a análise e o recorte histórico das atividades de lazer desenvolvidas na cidade de Itapetininga, principalmente nos séculos XIX e XX, desde as atividades livres e intermitentes até as atividades institucionalizadas. Considerações sobre a comunidade; a natureza e a cultura; o lazer e o turismo também fazem parte das análises. No âmbito da Educação Física foi analisada a aproximação do trabalho desenvolvido pelos profissionais da área, com os pressupostos teóricos descritos acima. Assim, poderiam ser alavancados mais estudos sobre as novas modalidades esportivas, como as do esporte de aventura. Observa-se que essas práticas muitas vezes se desenvolvem sem critérios adequados, e ficam dispersas entre as fases de planejamento, execução e avaliação. Entendemos que a Educação Física pode desempenhar um papel fundamental como mediadora desta discussão. Os profissionais da área deveriam ter a capacidade de se concentrar em qualquer uma das três esferas estudadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The main objective with this study is to identify physical activities associated to eco-tourism in the County of Itapetininga, located at São Paulo State inner area, in order to analyze some interference aspects of those activities in the environment, how their organization occurs, the relations with the Public Government, and the Non-Governmental Organization's role as mediator of such questions. It also searches to analyze the impact of the activities known as adventure sports in the local culture; their connections with eco-tourism practices; and whether those same activities result in any commitment or concern about the local community. The research procedures were developed upon a qualitative focus, which had been structured by means of interviews directed to the Public Government, to a Non-Governmental Organization, and to an eco-tourism events management company. The analysis and the historical excerpts of the leisure activities developed in the County of Itapetininga, mainly in the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries, from intermittent and free activities to institutionalized activities are also highlighted in this research. Considerations on the community, nature and culture, leisure and tourism are part of such analysis too. The nearing between the work developed by professionals and the theoretical assumptions formerly described was analyzed in the Physical Education area. Therefore, could be launched other studies on new sports, such as adventure sports. It has been observed that those practices are often developed without adequate criteria, and disperse among planning, execution and evaluation phases. We understand that Physical Education can play a fundamental role as mediator in this discussion. Professionals of the area should have the ability to concentrate on any of the three studied domains. In other words... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Mestre

Pixaim assentou o seu lugar no mundo sobre dunas móveis da margem alagoana da foz do rio São Francisco. Não há registros históricos sobre a origem do povoado, mas a partir de levantamento de memória oral podemos estimar um século de assentamento no território. No passado as pessoas de Pixaim viviam da cultura do arroz em fazendas na várzea do São Francisco. Com a subtração desta atividade, a população do povoado diminuiu e a sobrevivência material e cultural ficou comprometida. Em 1983 foi criada a Área de Proteção Ambiental-APA de Piaçabuçu que abarcou Pixaim e outros povoados como o Pontal da Barra, na foz do São Francisco e, com os qual as pessoas de Pixaim desenvolveram uma prática de apropriação conjugada e valorativa do lugar de habitação. Com a APA os povoados passaram a ser merecedores de proteção ambiental especial e o uso dos recursos disponíveis no meio ambiente ficou vinculado a prescrições definidas em lei. Com o desfecho de um conflito explícito os moradores do Pontal da Barra foram expulsas da foz pela gestão da APA, e a área “recuperou” feições cênicas adequadas ao turismo ecológico. Neste contexto, a paisagem de Pixaim se transformou em objeto de desejo e consumo do turismo ecológico. Neste estudo buscou-se compreender as mediações na construção do imaginário turístico sobre Pixaim, através das representações disponíveis em fontes informacionais. Procurou-se analisar as narrativas nas fotografias veiculadas sobre o povoado em sites de turismo de Piaçabuçu, município do qual Pixaim e a foz do rio São Francisco são integrantes. Valendo-se da fotografia, os próprios moradores de Pixaim registraram o cotidiano do lugar para um “álbum” que, neste trabalho, revela os olhares “de dentro” (moradores de Pixaim) e “de fora” ( agentes envolvidos na promoção do turismo ecológico). O estudo foi estruturado em uma abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisa e análise das informações em suportes midiáticos, mais a metodologia da etnografia, história oral, observação participante e entrevista. / Pixaim settled its place on the world of moving sand dunes of the Alagoas margin at the mouth of the São Francisco River. There are no historical records of the origin of that village, but the oral memory survey allows us to estimate a century of settlement in the territory. In the past, people of Pixaim used to make their living by rice farming on farms in the lowland of the São Francisco River. Along with the subtraction of this activity, the population of the village decreased as well as the survival of its material and cultural life were jeopardized. In 1983, it was established the Area of Environmental Protection (APA) of Piaçabuçu that comprises Pixaim and other settlements at the mouth of the São Francisco River, such as Pontal da Barra, with which the people of Pixaim has developed a practice of conjugal and evaluative appropriation of the dwelling place. The establishment of the APA has led the settlements to a special environmental protection, as the use of its available environmental resources are attached to what has been prescript in law. An outcome of an explicit conflict, the people of Pontal da Barra were banished from the mouth of the river by the APA’s management and the area “recovered” scenic features appropriate to the eco-tourism. In this context, the landscape of Pixaim has become an object of desire and consumption of ecological tourism. In this study, we sought to understand mediations in the construction of the tourist imaginary about Pixaim through the representations available in multimedia information. An attempt to analyze the narratives presented on photographs on tourist sites of Piaçabuçu, municipality of which Pixaim and the mouth of the São Francisco River are members. The photographs taken by the residents of Pixaim recorded the daily life of the village for an “album” that, for this work, illustrates the confrontation between the “inside” gaze (the residents of Pixaim) and “the outside” one (the agents involved in the promotion of eco-tourism). This study was structured in a qualitative approach, with information research and analysis in media added to the methodology of the ethnography, oral history, participant observation and interviews.

In the contemporary built-environment the focus is very much on environmentally conscious design or so-called ‘sustainable’ design- or even the generic labelled ‘green’ architecture. Despite this popular and supposedly informed preoccupation with the importance of the role of ecology in architecture, ‘green’ architecture is usually fixated on energy efficiency within the envelope of an individual building. This dissertation questions this limited, and often artificial and technologically driven, relationship between man and ecology. Fundamentally it questions the role of architecture as negotiator in this relationship. The author proposes an alternative way of viewing ecologically conscious architecture, where the intent of the architectural intervention is to respond directly to a given environmental issue and where its existential impact relates to its surrounding situation and the tension between man and ecology existing within the landscape, instead of turning its focus inwards to achieve isolated ‘environmental’ efficiency. Examples of such a specific issue, context and program with a collective goal of achieving these aims are hence forth elaborated on in the content of this dissertation. / Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2014 / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

The meaning of a place results from accumulated interactions between an individual's life history and a setting. Place experiences often include some feeling of ownership. Ownership in this case is a psychological phenomenon that does not require legal title to a piece of land or a building, but rather, a sense that the person has some uncommon, special relationship with that particular setting. Although much of what characterizes a place may be very personal. Groups and even entire communities can develop place attachments. The objective of the study is the design of agri-tourism facilities within the realm of local community development. These facilities need to meet a variety of criteria to fulfil the expectations of the three main stakeholders, being agriculture, tourism and local community. A design that is context, and energy conscious, with a sympathy to existing ecological systems and self-sustainability, will determine the success of this project. The design, including before mentioned criteria, of an agri-tourism complex , incorporates local skills training which form part of the activities on the farm Madi A Thava, Makhado district in the Limpopo province. These facilities must meet the needs of the different clientele for each of the three entities. Each facility has its own identity arising from its specific function. The agri-tourism complex will have a dominant agricultural character, as this facility houses the main activity to ensure self-sustainability of the farm as a whole. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

Situated within the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Tulum and within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere gives the village of Punta Allen a distinctive agency in determining their role in the on-going development of tourism in the region that is not given to other communities in the state. This unique circumstance facilitates a dialogue between the reserve, the municipality, and the business cooperatives of Punta Allen that produce a negotiated living. Through the negotiations with the reserve and Tulum, the lobster fishing and tourism cooperatives are given the opportunity to have a relatively significant role in determining the future of Punta Allen in regards to tourism.

Ett visst ansvar medföljer den omfattande inverkan som turism har på den globala omgivningen. Effekterna industrin genererar utökas kontinuerligt på grund av den rådande befolkningstillväxten, globaliseringen och det medföljande ekonomiska välståndet. För en långsiktig hållbar utveckling av ekoturism industrin krävs det att de existerande utmaningarna uppmärksammas, vilket är nödvändigt, framför allt i länder vars primära inkomstkälla utgörs av turism. Följande fältstudie är grundad på ett teoretiskt ramverk som har sitt ursprung från problematiken gällande om det är möjligt att föra en framgångsfull eko-turism industri utan att generera negativa konsekvenser. Studien är kvalitativ och utgörs av semistruktureradeoch informativa intervjuer tillsammans med observationer utförda i Costa Rica, men främsti orten Santa Teresa beläget i Costa Rica. Fältstudien syftar till att studera eko-turism samt att undersöka vilka förutsättningar det finns för en turist att resa hållbart i Santa Teresa. Vidare, avser studien till att identifiera de brister som försvårar turistens möjligheter till hållbart resande. För att ta reda på detta var studiens främsta fokus att studera enligt Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST), industrins två viktigaste faktorer, turisternas beteende och Santa Teresas hållbara erbjudande. Studiens resultat avser att bidra med information som kan stärka industrin och bidra till en positiv och hållbar utveckling. Resultatet av fältstudien identifierade en diskrepans mellan turisternas förutsättningar till att resa hållbart och TheInternational Ecotourism Society (TIES) kriterier för att resa som en eko-turist. Bristfälliga faktorer som identifierades, tolkades bero på en ineffektiv infrastruktur, vilket i sin kan vara ett resultat av den snabbt ökande tillkomsten av turister till orten. Den rådande situationen har resulterat i att arbetet med turismens konsekvenser har stagnerat på grund av otillräckliga resurser. Bland den identifierade komplexitet av industrin, kunde fältstudien identifiera en vilja bland industrins involverade aktörer att föra hållbara beslut men vilka begränsas av en otillräcklig infrastruktur. För att möjliggöra en hållbar utveckling av ekoturism i Santa Teresa behövs industrins negativa faktorer uppmärksammas och åtgärdas. / A certain responsibility is accompanying the substantial impact which the tourism industry is generating. The impacts are constantly expanding due to the growing population, globalization, and economic welfare. An emerging discussion about the challenges to develop sustainable tourism is not only important but also imperative, especially in countries which are dependent on tourism as their main source of income. This field study is founded on the theoretical framework of eco-tourism which is built on the debate regarding if the eco-tourism industry can be sustainable. The data collected is based on qualitative methods, using mainly semi-structured and informative interviews along with observations in Costa Rica in the village of Santa Teresa. The purpose of the field study was to investigate eco-tourism and the tourists’ opportunities to travel sustainable in Santa Teresa. Specifically, the study strived toidentify attributes that are hindering the eco-tourists from traveling sustainably. The main study object were, according to the Costa Rican Certification for Sustainable Tourism (CST), the industry's main factors, the sustainable behaviour of the tourist and the strong infrastructure of the host country. The findings of the field study aim to contribute with relevant information on how to locally improve practices to reach a sustainable development of eco-tourism in Santa Teresa. The result revealed a shortage in adequate opportunities for the tourist to travel sustainable according The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) criteria for being an eco-tourist. Factors were identified to be insufficient infrastructure, due to thesuddenly emerging influx of tourists as well as the Costa Rican governments stagnation and inability to approach the subsequent consequences. Even though, indications also showed a willingness to improve the industry. In order to assure a sustainable development in Santa Teresa, and further Costa Rica, such negative attributes need to be addressed in order to handle the intangible and tangible tourism in this ongoing growing context.