Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorHCP_DISSERT.pdf: 3748116 bytes, checksum: c0dfafc19b791663a4100df02ee357a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-06 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Atlantic Forest biome occupies much of the Atlantic coast of Brazil, in addition to portions of Paraguay and Argentina. Due mainly to its biodiversity which falls in the group of global hotspots, i.e., areas that have high priority for conservation. Although currently there are some available devices that assist in their protection in the course of the history of occupation and exploitation of the Brazilian territory, this biome has gone, and is still going through, an intense process of devastation, caused mainly by the pressure from economic activities, culminating in a significant reduction of its area and consequent fragmentation of the landscape, which brings with hosts a series of problems at various scales and aspects. As in most municipalities included in the reach area of the biome, the situation of forest fragmentation in Tibau do Sul / RN is quite critical, reflecting on a truly diverse landscape with broad typology of land uses. Among the alternatives aimed at the conservation of this biome include the creation of protected areas and the creation of ecological corridors, the latter being more efficient by connecting the remaining forests, increasing landscape connectivity, providing significant gains in relation to biodiversity. However, a major problem on implementation of Ecological Corridors projects is related to the selection of areas for this purpose, in this sense Geography can provide important contributions through the integrated study of landscape in the light of the geosystemic approach and the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) in order to permit assessment of reality having as a base the integration of ecological, biological and man-made aspects. Thus, this research aims to indicate potential areas and propose scenarios delimitation of Ecological Corridors in the municipality of Tibau do Sul / RN through Geographic Inference techniques in GIS platform. Therefore, the methodology adopted is based on the Geosystemic approach. From these elements were created 4 models to indicate potential areas for implementation of Ecological Corridors from the environmental perspective (potential erosion), socioeconomic (cover and land prices), legislative (areas protected by environmental legislation) and integrated (combination of environmental factors, socioeconomic and legislative), which in turn served as a basis for proposing scenarios aimed at this purpose. The results showed that all models can be quite useful in indicating potential areas for the establishment of ecological corridors, especially when based on an integrated approach between environmental and anthropogenic. The Corridors delimitation proposes shown may perform duties beyond the establishment of connectivity between fragments, since they also may have usefulness in controlling erosion and protecting fragile environments. Among the models developed, the integrated constituted itself as the best option because it enabled the interconnection of a larger number of fragments from a better use of the potentialities present in the landscape / O bioma Mata Atl?ntica ocupa grande parte da costa Atl?ntica brasileira, al?m de por??es do Paraguai e da Argentina. Em raz?o, sobretudo, de sua biodiversidade enquadra-se no grupo dos hotspots mundiais, ou seja, ?reas que apresentam extrema prioridade de conserva??o. Embora atualmente estejam dispon?veis alguns dispositivos que auxiliam na sua prote??o, no decorrer da hist?ria da ocupa??o e explora??o do territ?rio brasileiro, esse bioma passou, e ainda passa, por um intenso processo de devasta??o, provocado, sobretudo pela press?o exercida pelas atividades econ?micas, culminando em uma relevante redu??o de sua ?rea e em uma consequente fragmenta??o da paisagem, o que traz consigo uma s?rie de problemas em diversas escalas e aspectos. Assim como em grande parte dos munic?pios inclu?dos na ?rea de abrang?ncia do bioma, a situa??o de fragmenta??o florestal em Tibau do Sul/RN ? bastante cr?tica, refletindo assim em uma paisagem deveras diversificada com ampla tipologia de usos do solo. Dentre as alternativas que visam ? conserva??o do referido bioma destacam-se a cria??o de Unidades de Conserva??o e a cria??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos, sendo essa ?ltima mais eficiente por conectar os remanescentes florestais, aumentando a conectividade da paisagem, fornecendo ganhos significativos em rela??o ? biodiversidade. No entanto, uma das principais problem?ticas em projetos de implementa??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos est? relacionada com a sele??o de ?reas para tal fim, neste sentido a Geografia pode fornecer importantes contribui??es, atrav?s dos estudos integrados da paisagem ? luz da abordagem geossist?mica e do uso dos Sistemas de Informa??o Geogr?fica (SIG), atrav?s de t?cnicas de Infer?ncia Geogr?fica, de modo a permitir uma aprecia??o da realidade tomando por base a integra??o dos aspectos ecol?gicos, biol?gicos e antr?picos. Assim sendo, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo indicar ?reas potenciais e propor cen?rios de delimita??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos no munic?pio de Tibau do Sul/RN, atrav?s de t?cnicas de Infer?ncia Geogr?fica em plataforma SIG. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada est? fundamentada na abordagem Geossist?mica. A partir desses elementos, foram criados 4 modelos para indica??o de ?reas potenciais par a implanta??o de Corredores Ecol?gicos a partir das perspectivas ambiental (potencial ? eros?o), socioecon?mica (cobertura e pre?o da terra), legislativa (?reas protegidas pela legisla??o ambiental) e integrada (combina??o de elementos ambientais, socioecon?micos e legislativos), que por sua vez serviram de base para a proposi??o de cen?rios voltados a essa finalidade. Os resultados mostraram que todos os modelos podem ser bastante ?teis na indica??o de ?reas potenciais para o estabelecimento de Corredores Ecol?gicos, sobretudo quando fundamentados em uma perspectiva integrada entre aspectos ambientais e antr?picos. As propostas de delimita??o de Corredores apresentadas podem exercer fun??es al?m do estabelecimento da conectividade entre fragmentos, pois as mesmas podem ter serventia tamb?m no controle de processos erosivos e prote??o de ambientes fr?geis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndrieviskGPS_DISSERT.pdf: 1181960 bytes, checksum: 3416b1e3bd91514fea43dc2c94f227dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The phytoplankton growth is dependent of several abiotic (nutrients, temperature) and biotic (predation by zooplankton) variables. In this work, a mathematical model was developed in Stella software to understand the planktonic dynamics of Extremoz Lagoon (RN) and to simulate scenarios of different environmental conditions. Data were collected monthly at two points of the lagoon. The state variables are phytoplankton and zooplankton and forcing variables are nitrogen, phosphorus and temperature. The results show that: a) the model are well coupled, especially when some constants assume different values; b) simulated nutrient concentrations reduction decreases phytoplankton biomass, but the increase of nutrients does not stimulate the growth; c) changes in the temperature does not change the phytoplankton biomass; d) changes in zooplankton biomass affect directly and reduces the phytoplankton, indicating a topdown control mechanism; e) changes in the nutrient concentration modified the biomass of zooplankton suggesting a rapid flow of energy between nutrients, phytoplankton and zooplankton and a ecosystem likely arranged in an inverted pyramid (higher concentration of zooplankton than phytoplankton) / O crescimento fitoplanct?nico ? dependente de uma s?rie de vari?veis abi?ticas (nutrientes, temperatura, luz) e bi?ticas (preda??o por zoopl?ncton e outros fitoplanct?fagos, bact?rias que provocam lise celular no fitopl?ncton). Neste trabalho, um modelo de compartimentos foi desenvolvido no software Stella para entender a din?mica planct?nica da Lagoa de Extremoz (RN) e simular diferentes cen?rios de altera??es em importantes vari?veis ambientais como fitopl?ncton e zoopl?ncton. As medi??es foram realizadas mensalmente em dois pontos da lagoa. As vari?veis de estado s?o fitopl?ncton e zoopl?ncton e as for?antes s?o nitrog?nio, f?sforo e temperatura. Os resultados mostram que: a) o modelo se ajusta bem aos dados, especialmente quando algumas constantes assumem diferentes valores; b) simula??es de redu??es das concentra??es de nutrientes diminuem a biomassa fitoplanct?nica, mas o aumento dos nutrientes n?o favorece o crescimento; c) altera??es na temperatura n?o modificam a biomassa fitoplanct?nica; d) modifica??es na biomassa de zoopl?ncton afetam diretamente e consideravelmente o fitopl?ncton, indicando um mecanismo de controle top-down; e) altera??es nas concentra??es de nutrientes modificam a biomassa do zoopl?ncton sugerindo um r?pido fluxo de energia entre nutrientes, fito e zoopl?ncton e um prov?vel ecossistema arranjado em pir?mide invertida (maior biomassa de zoopl?ncton do que fitopl?ncton)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NelsonC_DISSERT.pdf: 3414305 bytes, checksum: a4b4a76f72715b4b6ad26c138e547946 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Many environmental ethics thinkers bear the existing ecological crisis is resultig from the fact that both, our thoughts and our actions would be antropocentric. It means that they (our thoughts and our actions) would have the human needs and wishes satisfaction as their only goals. However, a careful investigation about the relationship among humans could perhaps unveil that we are not antropocentric yet. The aim of this work is to enlighten this: whether we think and act in an antropocentric way as it seems to be largely accepted. It seems that we have found a satisfatory answer to the question / Grande parte dos pensadores da ?tica ambiental credita a crise ecol?gica da atualidade ao fato de que tanto o pensamento quanto as a??es dos seres humanos seriam antropoc?ntricos, ou seja, teriam como objetivo ?nico a satisfa??o de necessidades e desejos dos pr?prios homens. No entanto, uma cuidadosa investiga??o sobre a rela??o que os humanos mant?m entre si poderia revelar que talvez n?o sejamos verdadeiramente nem sequer antropoc?ntricos. O objetivo deste trabalho ? tentar trazer ? luz mais conhecimentos sobre isto: se de fato pensamos e agimos de forma antropoc?ntrica, como ? amplamente aceito. E parece que conseguimos nos aproximar de uma resposta satisfat?ria para a quest?o

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-10T15:45:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunnoFreireDantasDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 6640940 bytes, checksum: ad49d75685e2ea80ce1bd97392f6f888 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-11T16:14:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunnoFreireDantasDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 6640940 bytes, checksum: ad49d75685e2ea80ce1bd97392f6f888 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T16:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunnoFreireDantasDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 6640940 bytes, checksum: ad49d75685e2ea80ce1bd97392f6f888 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Determinar os mecanismos respons?veis pelos padr?es espaciais de biodiversidade t?m sido um dos maiores desafios para ec?logos e bioge?grafos. Durante a ?ltima d?cada houve um grande aumento no n?mero de estudos documentando padr?es de biodiversidade em larga escala. Atualmente, padr?es globais de riqueza de esp?cies s?o bem conhecidos para v?rios grupos de organismos. Entretanto, biodiversidade inclui v?rias dimens?es al?m da riqueza de esp?cies, como a diversidade filogen?tica e a diversidade funcional. Estas dimens?es s?o mais informativas do que simples medidas de riqueza de esp?cies e, consequentemente, podem permitir testes mais poderosos acerca de teorias de biodiversidade. Particularmente importante, conservar a biodiversidade em suas m?ltiplas dimens?es ? necess?rio para garantir a resili?ncia dos servi?os ecossist?micos e manter as hist?rias evolutivas das esp?cies. Neste contexto, a presente tese se configura na interface entre macroecologia e conserva??o, utilizando uma abordagem integradora que considera a conex?o entre mais de uma dimens?o da biodiversidade. No primeiro cap?tulo foram avaliadas hip?teses que invocam din?micas de equil?brio ou n?o-equil?brio para explicar a riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade funcional de mam?feros globalmente. Integrando informa??es sobre riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade funcional, eu abordo estas quest?es e clarifico os mecanismos que geraram e mant?m a diversidade de mam?feros e suas hist?rias de vida. O segundo cap?tulo representam uma base de dados sobre caracter?sticas biol?gicas de anf?bios globalmente: AmphiBIO. Esta base de dados centraliza informa??es sobre 19 caracter?sticas relacionadas ? ecologia, morfologia e reprodu??o de anf?bios. Os dados foram agregados a partir de mais de 1.500 fontes, e t?m potencial para auxiliar pesquisas mais amplas em ecologia de comunidades, evolu??o, biogeografia e conserva??o de anf?bios. No terceiro cap?tulo, utilizando o AmphiBIO, testo a suposi??o de que a perda de diversidade filogen?tica estaria associada ? perda de diversidade funcional. Para isso, a extin??o de anf?bios amea?ados foi simulada, as perdas de diversidade filogen?tica e funcional calculadas, e sua correla??o verificada. As perdas de diversidade foram analisadas atrav?s da filogenia dos anf?bios e do espa?o geogr?fico global. Esta tese contribui para um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos que originaram e mant?m os gradientes globais de riqueza de esp?cies, servindo de est?mulo para estudos futuros em ecologia e evolu??o, e para auxiliar decis?es pol?ticas visando a minimiza??o dos efeitos das extin??es sobre a perda de biodiversidade. / Determining the mechanisms underlying spatial variation in biodiversity has long been the main challenge for ecologists and biogeographers. The past decade has seen a veritable explosion of studies documenting broad-scale spatial patterns in biodiversity. Nowadays, broad-scale patterns of species richness (SR) are well documented for several groups. However, biodiversity encompass variation in several aspects beyond SR, such as phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional (or trait) diversity (FD). These dimensions have been argued to aid more powerful tests of biodiversity theories because they can capture the diversity of life better than simple measures of SR. Particularly important, the conservation of biodiversity and its multiple dimensions have been advocated as necessary to ensure the resilience of ecosystem services and maintain important evolutionary history. The present thesis is set on the interface between macroecology and biodiversity conservation, and uses integrated approaches that consider the connection between more than one dimension of biodiversity. In the first chapter, I we evaluate four prominent hypotheses which invoke either equilibrium (more individuals, niche diversity) or non-equilibrium dynamics (diversification rate, evolutionary time) to explain species richness and functional diversity of mammals worldwide. While equilibrium and non-equilibrium hypotheses have received considerable attention in the literature and some empirical support, it remains unknown whether they can explain the diversity of species and their traits alike. By integrating information on species richness and functional diversity, I address these issues and shed light on the mechanisms that generated the diversity of mammals and their life histories. The second chapter represents a database on natural history traits for amphibians worldwide: AmphiBIO. This database centralizes information on 19 traits related to ecology, morphology and reproduction features of amphibians. Data were assembled from more than 1,500 sources, and has potential to support a more comprehensive research in evolution, community ecology, biogeography and conservation of amphibians. The third chapter uses information from AmphiBIO to test the assumption that loss of PD is associated with loss of FD. We simulated species extinction scenarios based on IUCN criteria, calculated the loss of PD and FD, and verified the correlation. Analyzes were carried out across the complete amphibian tree and across worldwide amphibian assemblages. This study highlights for the possible negative consequences of local amphibians extinctions that may impact the continuous provision of ecosystem services. This thesis adds to better understand the mechanisms on the origination of global gradients of species diversity. Finally, I hope this thesis can be used to stimulate future studies on ecology and evolution, and support political decisions on minimizing the effects of projected species extinctions on biodiversity loss.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-10T16:52:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DivianeAlvesDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 1589141 bytes, checksum: 6f4b5d84ef15ebd80e623a387a7d41af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-10T22:14:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DivianeAlvesDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 1589141 bytes, checksum: 6f4b5d84ef15ebd80e623a387a7d41af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T22:14:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DivianeAlvesDaSilva_TESE.pdf: 1589141 bytes, checksum: 6f4b5d84ef15ebd80e623a387a7d41af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / A transi??o da estrutura et?ria no Brasil ocorre de forma r?pida e em ambiente socioecon?mico desfavor?vel. O Nordeste brasileiro, historicamente, destacado pela presen?a de profundas desigualdades sociais apresenta-se como a terceira regi?o mais envelhecida do pa?s e tal fato ganha import?ncia, considerando sua extensa dimens?o territorial, bem como o contexto s?cio-ambiental desfavor?vel. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a rela??o entre o contexto e o envelhecimento populacional na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecol?gico, cujo cen?rio corresponde ? regi?o Nordeste, composta por 9 estados e 1.794 munic?pios. Foram coletados dados demogr?ficos e de indicadores socioecon?micos, nas bases eletr?nicas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica ? IBGE, do Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica e Aplicada ? IPEA, do Atlas de Desenvolvimento Humano do Programa das Na??es Unidas para o Desenvolvimento ? PNUD e do Departamento de Inform?tica do SUS ? DATASUS. O desfecho do estudo consistiu nos n?veis de envelhecimento populacional, definidos a partir de an?lise de conglomerados que agrupou os munic?pios, considerando cinco indicadores demogr?ficos de envelhecimento (percentual de idosos, ?ndice de envelhecimento, sobreenvelhecimento, depend?ncia senil e ?ndice de substitui??o da popula??o em idade ativa). Foi utilizada a an?lise de componentes principais para obten??o de fatores socioecon?micos e demogr?ficos, que representaram as vari?veis independentes do estudo. Outras vari?veis de import?ncia te?rica para o desfecho tamb?m foram selecionadas. Realizou-se o georreferenciamento dos dados da vari?vel dependente, utilizando TabWin 3.6b, para identifica??o visual do perfil de envelhecimento da regi?o, segundo os n?veis de envelhecimento. Nas an?lises de associa??o utilizou-se o teste ANOVA, para os fatores e demais vari?veis quantitativas, e o teste do Qui-quadrado, para as vari?veis categ?ricas. Em ambos os testes considerou-se um n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. Utilizou-se a an?lise de regress?o log?stica ordinal para verificar as associa??es finais com o desfecho. Observou-se que o envelhecimento populacional no Nordeste apresenta um padr?o de distribui??o espacial heterog?neo, com concentra??o de maiores n?veis na regi?o do semi?rido, atingindo o sert?o e centro-sul do Cear?, partes das regi?es oeste, central e agreste do Rio Grande do Norte, e quase a totalidade do estado da Para?ba, ? exce??o da regi?o litor?nea. Os altos n?veis de envelhecimento associaram-se a bons n?veis de educa??o, depend?ncia de renda governamental, ao saldo migrat?rio da popula??o geral, ? raz?o urbano-rural e a alguns estados da regi?o, tomando como refer?ncia para compara??o, o estado da Para?ba. Considera-se importante o estudo situacional do envelhecimento no Nordeste brasileiro que, embora desigual, destaca-se pela presen?a de grandes contingentes de idosos. O entendimento de tal distribui??o, por sua vez, pode levar ? identifica??o de fatores determinantes locais e/ou gerais do envelhecimento das popula??es, a serem abordados nas pol?ticas p?blicas pr?-envelhecimento. / The changing age distribution in Brazil occurs quickly and in an unfavorable environment socio-economically. The Brazilian Northeast, historically, highlighted by the presence of deep social inequality appears as the third most aged region of the country and this fact becomes important, considering its extensive territorial dimension as well as an unfavorable socio-environmental context. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the context and the aging population in the Northeast of Brazil. This is an ecological study, whose scenario corresponds to the Northeast region, consisting of nine states and 1,794 municipalities. We collected demographic data and several socioeconomic indicators in the electronic databases of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Applied Economic Research Institute (IPEA), the Human Development Atlas of the United Nations Development Programme (PNUD) and the SUS Department of Informatics (DATASUS). The outcome of the study was the levels of population aging, defined from cluster analysis that grouped municipalities, considering five demographic aging indicators (percentage of elderly, aging index, ?over-aging?, senile dependence and population replacement in active age index). The principal component analysis was used to obtain socioeconomic-demographics factors, which represented the independent variables of the study. Other variables with theoretical importance for the outcome were also selected. It was held georeferencing of the outcome variable data using TabWin 3.6b, for visual identification of Northeast aging profile, according to the levels of aging. In association analyzes used the ANOVA test for the factors and others quantitative variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. In both tests it was considered a 5% significance level. We used the ordinal logistic regression analysis to verify the actual associations with the outcome. It was observed that aging in the Northeast shows a pattern of heterogeneous distribution, with concentration higher levels in the region belonging to the semi-arid region, covering the interior and south-central of the Cear? state, parts of the western, central and harsh regions of Rio Grande do Norte state, and almost all of the area of Paraiba state, except the coastal region. The high levels of aging were associated with good levels of education, dependence on government income, the net migration of the general population, the reason urban/rural and some states of the region, taking as reference for comparison, the state of Paraiba. It is important the aging situational study in Northeast Brazil, a region that, although unequally, has a large contingent of elderly. The understanding of such distribution, in turn, can lead to the identification of local and/or general determinants of the population aging, to be addressed in the pro-aging policies.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-08-22T17:53:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BEATRIZ MARTINS ARRUDA.pdf: 2882217 bytes, checksum: 52d64f618e1a092e19c3d8e4464e6245 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:53:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BEATRIZ MARTINS ARRUDA.pdf: 2882217 bytes, checksum: 52d64f618e1a092e19c3d8e4464e6245 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The work investigated the scientific and geographic coverage of the socio-spatial phenomenon of ecovillages in Brazil. We sought to understand the emergence of the concept of ecovillage since its historical origins as an anti-system movement, as well as its contemporary theoretical foundations, emphasizing the understanding of sustainability in the ecological, economic, social and spiritual dimensions. We also verified its presence in society, especially within the academy, conducting a review study of Brazilian works on ecovillages. From these works and other databases, we built up a map of ecovillages and other projects that identify themselves with the concept in the country, and characterized them, in order to obtain an overview of their dispersion and performance on Brazilian territory. We located ecovillages in seventeen states and in the Federal District too. We identified several enterprises, communities and families also, somehow inspired by the ecovillage ideas to make houses, farms, institutions and various businesses sites more sustainable. Despite the fact that almost 80% of the municipalities that host these initiatives are small, they have a greater presence in regions where the Brazilian urban network is better served by infrastructure and services. This added to the educational and tourist activities existing in a wide way in the ecovillages and related projects showed that, unlike alternative communities of previous times, there is currently active interaction between them and the hegemonic system. Although the science about ecovillages is recent, its multidisciplinarity has enabled studies in twenty major areas of knowledge within Brazilian academy, predominantly in Architecture, Urbanism and Design. We point out the need for greater articulation between researchers with different professional backgrounds who are dedicated to ecovillages for their effective consolidation as a theme in scientific context. / O trabalho investigou a abrang?ncia cient?fica e geogr?fica do fen?meno socioespacial das ecovilas no Brasil. Buscou-se compreender a emerg?ncia do conceito de ecovila desde suas origens hist?ricas como movimento antissistema, at? seus fundamentos te?ricos contempor?neos, destacando-se o entendimento da sustentabilidade nas dimens?es ecol?gica, econ?mica, social e espiritual. Verificou-se tamb?m a presen?a do tema na sociedade, em especial dentro da academia, realizando um estudo de revis?o dos trabalhos brasileiros sobre ecovilas. A partir desses trabalhos e de bancos de dados, realizou-se um mapeamento das experi?ncias que se identificam com o conceito de ecovilas no pa?s, localizando-as e caracterizando-as, de modo a obter uma vis?o geral da sua dispers?o e a atua??o no territ?rio brasileiro. Constatou-se a presen?a de ecovilas em dezessete estados e no Distrito Federal. Identificou-se, ainda, diversos empreendimentos, comunidades e fam?lias que se inspiram nas ecovilas para tornar casas, s?tios, institui??es e neg?cios mais sustent?veis. Embora quase 80% dos munic?pios que abrigam essas iniciativas sejam de pequeno porte, t?m maior presen?a nas regi?es onde a rede urbana brasileira ? mais bem servida de infraestrutura e servi?os. Isto somado ?s atividades educacionais e tur?sticas existentes de forma ampla nas ecovilas e projetos afins demonstrou que, diferentemente de comunidades alternativas de tempos anteriores, na atualidade h? intera??o ativa com o sistema hegem?nico. A ci?ncia sobre ecovilas ? recente e multidisciplinar, com frentes de estudos j? abertas em vinte Grandes ?reas do Conhecimento, predominantemente em Arquitetura, Urbanismo e Design. Observou-se a necessidade de maior articula??o entre estudiosos de diferentes forma??es profissionais que se dedicam tema para sua efetiva consolida??o no contexto cient?fico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:27:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mara Weber.pdf: 507096 bytes, checksum: 67f983de01cc632835cd2bba1f38e3e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-06 / This study had, as a general objective, the understanding of how the relation between a Children s Education public school and the Tutelary Council happens, in cases of domestic violence. In a more specific way, it intended to understand how the school s management and the school s supervisor from a municipal instance of support for the educational unit work on domestic violence notifications against their students; to perceive how the domestic violence cases are analysed by the Tutelary Council and know the perception of the school s psychologist s role in this process for the school, the school s supervisor and the Tutelary Council, besides having the view of an area s professional. Semi-structured interviews were had and a protocol of promptuary analysis in the Tutelary Council was composed by using a qualitative methodology. Considering the thematic one of the domestic violence in the understanding of the relations between different systems, we use the Urie Bronfenbrenner s ecological approach as well as the Children s Rights, as one legal apparatus that guides and supports action in this area. The results showed the difficulties in the relations among the many agencies and also indicated that the procedures not always guarantee the child s protection against the domestic violence. There is little intermeshing of the school and the Tutelary Council. Therefore there is not a preventive and integrated work marked by aids after the establishment of certain situations. The school adopts internal registration procedures without denouncing to the Tutelary Council due to the fact that it does not believe that the accusation will protect the child or the accuser. The Tutelary Council seeks for support in other agencies when there is domestic sexual violence suspicion and in confirmed cases, it immediately aims for protecting the child from his or her aggressor. Failures of the psychologist s formation in working on domestic violence, in addition to difficulties in placing this professional in the public institutions, specially the school, were noticed. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender como acontece a rela??o entre uma escola p?blica de educa??o infantil e o Conselho Tutelar em casos de viol?ncia dom?stica. De maneira mais espec?fica pretendeu-se entender como a dire??o da escola e a supervisora escolar, lotada em uma inst?ncia municipal de suporte ? unidade educacional, trabalham com as notifica??es de viol?ncia dom?stica contra seus alunos; compreender como casos de viol?ncia dom?stica s?o analisados pelo Conselho Tutelar e conhecer a percep??o do papel do psic?logo escolar, ao longo deste processo, para a escola, para a supervisora escolar e para o Conselho Tutelar, al?m de termos uma vis?o de uma profissional da ?rea. Utilizamos uma metodologia qualitativa, na qual realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas e compusemos um protocolo de an?lise dos prontu?rios no Conselho Tutelar. Considerando a tem?tica da viol?ncia dom?stica na compreens?o das rela??es entre diferentes sistemas, utilizamos a abordagem ecol?gica de Urie Bronfenbrenner, al?m do Estatuto da Crian?a e do Adolescente, como um dispositivo legal que orienta e sustenta a??es nesta ?rea. Os resultados indicaram que existem dificuldades nas rela??es entre os diferentes ?rg?os e os procedimentos nem sempre garantem a prote??o ? crian?a v?tima de viol?ncia dom?stica. H? pouco entrosamento entre a escola e o CT, n?o existindo um trabalho preventivo e integrado, marcado por aux?lios ap?s a instaura??o de certas situa??es. A escola adota procedimentos internos de registro, sem denunciar ao CT por n?o confiar que a den?ncia ir? proteger ? crian?a ou o denunciante. O CT busca apoio em outros ?rg?os quando existe a suspeita de viol?ncia sexual dom?stica e nos casos confirmados procura imediatamente proteger a crian?a do agressor. Foram apontadas falhas na forma??o do psic?logo para trabalhar com a viol?ncia dom?stica e dificuldades da inser??o deste profissional nos equipamentos p?blicos, em especial, a escola.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-15T12:14:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Daiane Ouvernay Fernandes da Silva.pdf: 7586481 bytes, checksum: 5a97593f1df40687d3039aaf482f7a65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T12:14:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Daiane Ouvernay Fernandes da Silva.pdf: 7586481 bytes, checksum: 5a97593f1df40687d3039aaf482f7a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This study investigated the relationship between species of frogs, lizards, gradients environmental and insularity. We could detect a strong relationship between lizards in open habitats and anthropic as well as a strong influence of the area to the richness and abundance of lizards, rather than habitat heterogeneity. The community was the most diverse State Park Cunhambebe. The lizards of island environments of the Sepetiba Bay showed a strong relationship between abundance and area, supporting the hypothesis of Ecological Release. The species Cycloramphus sp., Thoropa miliaris, Hylodes asper, H. phyllodes, Phasmahyla cruzi and Scinax trapicheiroi are those with lower values of tolerance of distance from this physiognomy and sometimes only occur in this environment. / Neste estudo foram investigadas as rela??es entre esp?cies de anf?bios anuros, lagartos, gradientes ambientais e insularidade. Nota-se uma forte rela??o dos lagartos com ambientes abertos e antr?picos, bem como uma forte influ?ncia da ?rea para a riqueza e abund?ncia dos lagartos, mais que a heterogeneidade de habitats. A comunidade mais diversa foi a do Parque Estadual do Cunhambebe. Os lagartos de ambientes insulares da Ba?a de Sepetiba demonstraram forte rela??o entre abund?ncia e ?rea, corroborando com a hip?tese de Libera??o ecol?gica. As esp?cies Cycloramphus sp., Thoropa miliaris, Hylodes asper, H. phyllodes, Phasmahyla cruzi e Scinax trapicheiroi s?o as que possuem menores valores de toler?ncia de dist?ncia da cachoeira e, algumas vezes, s? ocorrem neste ambiente

Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-01T18:22:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-08-02T17:55:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T18:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida MAB___TESE___VERS?O FINAL.pdf: 2953118 bytes, checksum: 99cbefa9c38c7969abce4bafc4b20d54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Nonhuman primates (NHP) are susceptible to many arboviruses, including the yellow fever (YF) virus. Although native to Africa, this virus found susceptible NHP and competent mosquito vectors for maintaining its transmission in American forests. A high sensitivity of NHP to YF led health agencies to monitor these animals as a way of monitoring the disease in Brazil. The State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) began this surveillance in 2002, which has detected the arboviruses Oropouche and Saint Louis (SLEV) and a YF epizootic that killed more than 2,000 NHP (Alouatta caraya and A. guariba clamitans) between 2008 and 2009. The objectives of this PhD thesis research were to generate models of niche suitability for YF based on that epizootic and prospect arboviruses in NHP in northwestern RS. The maximum entropy algorithm - Maxent was used to generate distribution models of Alouatta spp. and the mosquito vector Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Together with climatic, topographic and vegetative variables, these models served as predictor layers to model the occurrence of the disease based on the points of death of NHP of YF. The most influential variables in the YF models were the variation in air humidity, distribution of Alouatta spp. and maximum wind speed followed by mean annual rainfall and maximum temperature. Therefore, support for the influence of the rainfall regime and the ambient temperature on the cycle of jungle YF was found. Wind speed and direction can play an important role in the dispersal of infected mosquitoes and, consequently, the virus. The models based on the occurrence of dead NHP in the first months of the epizootic identified suitable areas to where the disease spread a few months later. In addition, 19 arboviruses were prospected in 40 blood (viral isolation and PCR) and serum (hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests [NT]) samples collected from 26 black howler monkeys (A. caraya) belonging to three populations in four field campaigns in the municipality of Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS, between 2014 and 2016. There was no detection of circulating virus, but antibodies to Flavivirus SLEV and Ilh?us and Phlebovirus Icoaraci was found by NT. Evidence of the contact with Ilh?us and Icoaraci are the southernmost records in Brazilian NHP. An increase in antibodies to SLEV detected between two consecutive captures of the same individual is compatible with a recent contact with the virus. An adult male captured in one of the areas presented concomitant infection by the Oropouche, SLEV and YF viruses by NT. Further studies are necessary to understand the role played by NHP and other vertebrates in the circulation of arboviruses in the region, to assess potential risks to NHP and public health, and to identify the driving forces responsible for the dispersal of the YF virus during epizootics in wildlife populations. / Os primatas n?o-humanos (PNH) s?o suscet?veis a diversos arbov?rus, incluindo o v?rus da febre amarela (FA). Embora origin?rio da ?frica, esse v?rus encontrou PNH suscet?veis e mosquitos vetores competentes para sua transmiss?o em matas nas Am?ricas. Uma alta sensibilidade dos PNH ? FA levou ?rg?os de sa?de a monitorar esses animais como forma de vigiar a doen?a no Brasil. O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) iniciou essa vigil?ncia em 2002, a qual detectou os arbov?rus Oropouche e Saint Louis (SLEV) e uma epizootia de FA que matou mais de 2000 PNH (Alouatta caraya e A. guariba clamitans) entre 2008 e 2009. A presente tese de doutorado teve como objetivos gerar modelos de adequabilidade ambiental para FA com base nessa epizootia e prospectar arbov?rus em PNH no noroeste do RS. Foi utilizado o algoritmo de m?xima entropia ? Maxent para gerar modelos de distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e do mosquito vetor Haemagogus leucocelaenus. Esses modelos serviram como camadas preditoras para, junto a vari?veis clim?ticas, topogr?ficas e vegetacionais, modelar a ocorr?ncia da doen?a baseada nos pontos de morte de PNH por FA. As vari?veis mais influentes nos modelos da FA foram a varia??o na umidade do ar, a distribui??o de Alouatta spp. e a velocidade m?xima dos ventos, seguidas pela precipita??o m?dia anual e a temperatura m?xima. Portanto, foi confirmado suporte para a influ?ncia do regime de chuvas e da temperatura ambiente no ciclo da FA silvestre. A velocidade e a dire??o do vento devem desempenhar um importante papel na dispers?o de mosquitos infectados e, consequentemente, do v?rus. Os modelos baseados na distribui??o espacial de PNH mortos nos primeiros meses da epizootia identificaram ?reas adequadas para onde a doen?a avan?ou poucos meses mais tarde. Tamb?m foram prospectados 19 arbov?rus em 40 amostras de sangue (isolamento viral e PCR) e soro (inibi??o da hemaglutina??o e testes de neutraliza??o [NT]) coletadas em quatro campanhas de campo entre 2014 e 2016 de 26 bugios-pretos (A. caraya) de tr?s popula??es no munic?pio de Santo Ant?nio das Miss?es, RS. N?o houve detec??o de v?rus circulante, mas sim de anticorpos para os Flavivirus SLEV e Ilh?us e o Phlebovirus Icoaraci por NT. As evid?ncias de contato com Ilh?us e Icoaraci s?o as primeiras em PNH no extremo sul do Brasil. Um aumento de anticorpos para SLEV detectado entre duas capturas consecutivas do mesmo indiv?duo ? compat?vel com um contato recente com o v?rus. Um macho adulto capturado em uma das ?reas apresentou infec??o concomitante pelos v?rus Oropouche, SLEV e FA por NT. Mais estudos s?o necess?rios para compreender o papel de PNH e outros vertebrados na circula??o de arbov?rus na regi?o, avaliar poss?veis riscos para PNH e a sa?de humana e identificar as for?as motrizes respons?veis pela dispers?o do v?rus da FA durante epizootias em popula??es selvagens.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-06-13T20:15:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Cilene de Souza Silva Freitas.pdf: 5512558 bytes, checksum: bbaf772cc94994704999d3f6ec796f9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T20:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Cilene de Souza Silva Freitas.pdf: 5512558 bytes, checksum: bbaf772cc94994704999d3f6ec796f9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 / This research has aimed to use elements of the space of drainage basins in pedagogical activities of non-formal education. The goal is to assess the use of trekking both as an instrument to investigate the environmental perception of the students and as a pedagogic resource to problematize ecological concepts and socio-environmental questions by using a didactic sequence containing ?generating themes? regarding elements of a drainage basin. Non-formal spaces contribute to expand the student?s perspective of what Science is, different from the one usually presented at school ? one that is often closed, static, reductionist, and unquestionable, presenting an utilitarian view of the environment. We hope to have provided support to the construction of new values in this relation, widening the pedagogical space and uniting formal and non-formal education. The subjects of this research are students of two schools around UFRRJ, at Serop?dica, RJ. This research has happened in four phases. Phase I characterizes the articulation with schools and managers of the Parque Natural Municipal do Curi? Paracambi (PNMCP), RJ. Phase II concerns the observation and application of diagnosis-questionnaires with open and semi-open questions aiming to check the student?s previous environmental perception, their views on what living beings are, their preliminary notions of elements/concepts that involve a drainage basin and the water cycle, followed by classroom interventions: movie exhibitions and debates concerning pieces of news reported in the big media. Phase II comprises visitation to the trekking path for which a didactic sequence with previously established stops to discuss concepts and problematize socio-environmental questions with a Critical and Emancipatory approach has been developed. Phase IV concerns the reapplication of the diagnosis questionnaire. The activities performed had a pedagogical approach based on socio-interactionist and constructivist theories. This research had a primarily qualitative approach but quantitative analyses have been performed to a better reading of research data, mainly to compare initial and final questionnaires. By analyzing the path?s potentialities planner and the recorded audio, the data reveals that trekking has widened the environmental perception of the students. When final and initial questionnaires are compared, students present a better comprehension of questions involving concepts of Ecology and socio-environmental questions discussed during trekking. We can infer that students have come to perceive the insertion of man in the Environment, and that this does not only concern nature, but the urban environment, including anthropic modifications. We conclude that the Jequitib?-rosa path of the PNMCP has widened the comprehension students had as to the concept of living beings and the diverse interaction of those with the environment. Therefore, the use of educational ecological trekking, having as generating themes the elements of drainage basins, are excellent resources to an approach of Environmental Education from a Critic and Emancipatory perspective. / Esta pesquisa se prop?s a utilizar elementos dos espa?os de bacias hidrogr?ficas em atividades pedag?gicas de educa??o n?o formal. O objetivo ? investigar o uso das trilhas como instrumento para investigar a percep??o ambiental dos estudantes e como recurso pedag?gico para problematizar conceitos ecol?gicos e quest?es socioambientais atrav?s de uma sequ?ncia did?tica com ?temas-geradores? de elementos da bacia hidrogr?fica. Os espa?os n?o formais contribuem para que o estudante tenha uma vis?o de Ci?ncia ampliada, e diferente daquela muitas vezes veiculada na escola com teorias acabadas, de maneira est?tica, reducionista, utilitarista do meio ambiente e inquestion?vel. Esperou-se garantir suporte para constru??o de novos valores nessa rela??o, fazendo a amplia??o do espa?o pedag?gico e a uni?o entre educa??o formal e n?o formal. Os sujeitos da pesquisa s?o estudantes de duas Institui??es Escolares que se situam no entorno da UFRRJ, campus Serop?dica, RJ. Esta pesquisa se deu em quatro fases. A fase I, denominada de "Processo de entrada em campo", caracterizando toda a articula??o com as escolas e com os gestores do Parque Natural Municipal do Curi? Paracambi (PNMCP), RJ. A fase II englobou a observa??o e aplica??o do question?rio diagn?stico com perguntas abertas e semiabertas que objetivavam pesquisar a percep??o de meio ambiente, como este est? relacionado com a vida dos estudantes, do que os estudantes consideram como seres vivos, e as concep??es pr?vias de elementos/conceitos que envolvem a bacia hidrogr?fica e o ciclo hidrol?gico, seguida da interven??o em sala de aula com a exibi??o de filmes e debate com reportagens veiculadas na grande m?dia. A fase III, que englobou as visitas ? trilha onde desenvolvemos uma sequ?ncia did?tica com paradas pr?-estabelecidas para abordar conceitos e para problematizar quest?es socioambientais com uma abordagem Cr?tica e Emancipat?ria. A fase IV caracterizou-se pela reaplica??o do question?rio diagn?stico. As atividades realizadas tiveram uma abordagem pedag?gica apoiada nas teorias sociointeracionista e construtivista. A pesquisa teve car?ter prioritariamente qualitativo, mas tamb?m foram feitas an?lises quantitativas para melhor leitura dos dados da pesquisa, principalmente para compara??o dos resultados do question?rio inicial e final. Os dados revelam atrav?s da an?lise da planilha de potencialidades da trilha e dos ?udios gravados, que as atividades na trilha ampliaram a percep??o ambiental dos estudantes, e que comparado com a an?lise dos question?rios diagn?stico inicial e final, eles tiveram um avan?o no entendimento de quest?es que envolveram conceitos de Ecologia e quest?es socioambientais abordados ao longo das atividades na trilha. Pode-se inferir que os estudantes passaram a perceber a inser??o do homem no Meio Ambiente, e que este n?o se resume apenas a concep??o de natureza, surgindo assim, a ideia de ambiente urbano que inclui suas modifica??es antr?picas. Conclui-se que a trilha do Jequitib?-rosa do PNMCP ampliou a compreens?o dos estudantes sobre o conceito de seres vivos e as diversas intera??es destes com o meio ambiente. Portanto, depreende-se que as trilhas ecol?gicas educativas tendo como temas geradores os elementos da bacia hidrogr?fica s?o excelentes recursos para a abordagem de uma Educa??o Ambiental Cr?tica e Emancipat?ria.