The subject of the dissertation is the issue of the waste management with special emphasis on the recycling of the construction and demolition waste. The recourse is an analysis of the key instruments regulating the activities and behaviour of market operators in this field toward fulfilling all-society priorities and principles of the sustainable development, where special accent is put on the area of subsidy policies and programmes. The aim of the dissertation is to analyse and evaluate the setting of the selected subsidy programme in terms of economic and ecological efficiency with the emphasis on the assessment of the impact on the recipient. The subject of the research will be a priority axis 4 "Improvement of Waste Management and Removal of Old Environmental Burdens" within the Operational Programme Environment 2007 - 2013. In the literature review basic concepts and important definitions are defined, followed by the comprehensive and complex searches of the problematics from different angles of view. First of all, the global aspect of environmental protection is discussed, broader historical, legal, economic and political contexts, that are essential fundament for understanding the current and future challenges both globally regionally, are summarized. Hereafter, a more detailed description of the situation of the European Union is followed, then the overview is completed by a detailed view at the state of the problematics in the Czech Republic. Subsequent chapters are devoted to a detailed analysis of the waste management sector, again in terms of global, European and national standpoint, in the end the view is focused on the key issue of the dissertation problematics of construction and demolition waste. In the application part the fulfilling of the stated objective of the dissertation through four defined hypothesis is solved. Hypotheses verify the efficiency and appropriateness of the setting of the system of subsidies in the frame of the monitored programme. The emphasis is imposed on the assessment of the impact of the allocated subsidies to the private entities on their economic and environmental efficiency.

A adoção da modelagem institucional de governança do processo de avaliação ambiental norte-americano, centrada na figura da agência líder, deverá demandar a edição de uma lei formal, prevendo o referido arranjo jurídico-institucional, na forma de uma moldura (framework) adaptável às necessidades especificas e peculiaridades de cada setor da Administração. Dessa forma, a referida lei formal funcionaria como uma norma geral, e como tal poderia ser complementada pela legislação infralegal, que viria a estabelecer as disposições especificas para dar efetividade ao instituo da agência líder nos setores em que seja desejável e oportuna a implantação do mesmo, a critério da Administração. Destarte, a atuação do Poder Legislativo estaria restrita à introdução ao sistema jurídico doméstico do instituto estrangeiro, estabelecendo apenas seus contornos básicos, cabendo à Administração a avaliação da oportunidade e conveniência da escolha dos setores específicos, do estabelecimento dos contornos normativos e do momento da efetiva regulamentação concreta do instituto. / O trabalho foi aprovado e publicado em cumprimento a Norma Interna NP- 40.001.00 / Submitted by Romilson de Almeida Volotão (romilsonvolotao@terra.com.br) on 2016-03-28T21:06:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ULTIMA VERSÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2567378 bytes, checksum: a714072d0ee77f369be1901d8193e7fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2016-03-30T18:46:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ULTIMA VERSÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2567378 bytes, checksum: a714072d0ee77f369be1901d8193e7fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-03-31T18:02:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ULTIMA VERSÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2567378 bytes, checksum: a714072d0ee77f369be1901d8193e7fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T18:02:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ULTIMA VERSÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2567378 bytes, checksum: a714072d0ee77f369be1901d8193e7fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / The issue of staggered performance of the Brazilian public administration, indeed evident in some cases is extremely worrying from the point of administrative efficiency of decision-making systems and processes of the various sectors that make up its structure. In this line, the general objective of this study is to analyze the dysfunctions caused by the lack of coordination in the exercise of administrative activity by the Brazilian state. However, because the topic is too broad to fit in the narrow confines of a dissertation, choose a specific institutional arrangement to serve the north of this study: the administrative and environmental licensing process for infrastructure projects. The infrastructure projects require a range of permits and licenses issued by numerous agencies or government entity, have jurisdiction to rule, each within their respective area of expertise, and on the basis of various laws. Therefore, the uncoordinated activities of these actors causes considerable economic losses, mainly due to the delay in decision-making, the exaggerated strictness of the requirements and environmental conditions and excessive legalization sector disputes. Thus, the theme-problem of this dissertation is to seek the best legal response to the propositional problem related to the inefficiency of the licensing process for infrastructure projects in Brazil. In this goal, the economic rationale was chosen as theoretical framework. With this expected to formulate proposal that the licensing process for infrastructure projects in Brazil could become a new institutional governance modeling formulated based on the study compared to the US legal system more efficient if it were adopted, whose environmental assessment process is based on interagency coordination and central figure in the so-called lead agency. / A problemática da atuação desconcertada da Administração pública brasileira é deveras evidente em alguns casos, e extremamente preocupante sob o aspecto da eficiência administrativa dos sistemas e processos decisórios dos diversos setores que compõem sua estrutura. Nessa toada, o objetivo geral do presente estudo é analisar as disfunções geradas pela falta de coordenação no exercício da atividade administrativa pela Estado brasileiro. Entretanto, como o tema é abrangente demais para caber nos estreitos limites de uma dissertação de mestrado, escolhemos um arranjo institucional específico para servir de norte deste estudo: o processo de licenciamento administrativo e ambiental de empreendimentos de infraestrutura. Os empreendimentos de infraestrutura demandam uma gama de autorizações e licenças emanadas de inúmeros órgãos ou entidade do poder público, igualmente competentes para decidir, cada qual dentro de sua respectiva área de atuação, e com fundamento em legislações diversas. Por conseguinte, a atuação descoordenada desses atores causa consideráveis prejuízos econômicos, mormente em decorrência da demora na tomada de decisões, do rigorismo exacerbado dos requisitos e condicionantes ambientais e do excesso de judicialização de controvérsias do setor. Destarte, o tema-problema da presente dissertação consiste em buscar a melhor resposta jurídica para o problema propositivo relacionado à ineficiência do processo de licenciamento de empreendimentos de infraestrutura no Brasil. Nesse desiderato, foi escolhida a racionalidade econômica como referencial teórico. Com isso espera-se formular proposta no sentido de que o processo de licenciamento de empreendimentos de infraestrutura no Brasil poderia tornar-se mais eficiente caso fosse adotada uma nova modelagem de governança institucional formulada com base no estudo comparado com o sistema jurídico norte-americano, cujo processo de avaliação ambiental está baseado na coordenação interagências e na figura central da chamada agência líder.

Le franchisage est un contrat qui est rarement équilibré. Il en est ainsi à cause d'une relation où l'on trouve une partie, généralement le franchiseur, qui domine le rapport contractuel. Cette relation économique et juridique appelle la plus grande attention en raison des investissements massifs qui y sont engagés. On verra souvent le franchisé assujetti à de nombreuses contraintes économiques, techniques et juridiques pratiquement exagérées sinon injustifiées. Cette situation n'est surtout pas sans solution. Cette étude s'efforce de trouver des remèdes aux problèmes posés par ce jeu de domination en examinant le contrat ainsi que ses différentes composantes. La méthode suivie consiste à examiner tout d'abord le concept relatif à chaque élément pris dans ce cadre contractuel précis tout en remontant à la définition de la franchise ainsi qu’à son objet, tout cela à la lumière de la notion d'équilibre et dans un souci de restaurer une certaine égalité de principe satisfaisant aux exigences de la justice contractuelle.Des définitions, des critères, des solutions, ainsi que des modifications y sont proposés à cette fin. / Franchising is a contract that is not always balanced. This is due to a relationship where one can find a party, usually the franchisor, dominating the contractual bond. The economic and legal relationships call for much more attention due to the massive investments involved. One will often notice the franchisee being subject to many economic, technical and legal constraints that are practically exaggerated if not unjustified. This is certainly not without any solution. This study attempts to find remedies to the problems raised by this game of domination through examining the contract as well as its various components. The followed method consists of, primarily, the examination of the concept behind each element in this precise contractual framework, to then go back to the definition of franchising, as well as its object; all in light of the concept of equilibrium in order to restore some equality of principle in accordance with the requirements of contractual justice.Definitions, criteria, solutions, and amendments are proposed to serve this purpose.

The main intention of this thesis is to make a complete documentation of a business plan for the accommodation facility focused on segment of the families with children. The secondary objectives include analysing market conditions in selected area, finding the needs and requirements of potential customers, finding possible support suitable for the accommodation facility and determine whether the proposed accommodation facility is able to succeed on present tourism market. The thesis has two parts. The theoretic part includes literate review focused on tourism, accommodation services, accommodation facilities, families with children, business plan and its parts. The practical part is made up by a proposal for a particular business plan for families with children.

A firma é o principal agente econômico para a produção e distribuição de bens e serviços. Seu constante investimento em melhorias e o aperfeiçoamento de sua capacidade produtiva, visando tornar-se cada vez mais eficiente, transforma-se em um determinante central do bem estar econômico da sociedade. O processo de medir a ineficiência de firmas baseia-se em análises de fronteiras, onde a ineficiência é medida como a distância entre os pontos observados da variável resposta e a função de produção, custo ou lucro verdadeiras, dependendo do modelo assumido para descrever a variável resposta. Existe uma variedade de formas funcionais para essas funções e algumas vezes é difícil julgar qual delas deve ser escolhida, visto que a forma verdadeira é desconhecida e pode ser somente aproximada. Em geral, na literatura, dados de produção são analisados assumindo-se modelos multiplicativos que impõem a restrição de que a produção é estritamente positiva e utiliza-se a transformação logarítmica para linearizar o modelo. Considera-se que o logaritmo do produto dada a ineficiência técnica tem distribuição contínua, independentemente de os dados serem contínuos ou discretos. A tese divide-se em dois artigos: o primeiro utiliza a inferência bayesiana para estimar a eficiência econômica de firmas utilizando os modelos de fronteira estocástica de custo com forma funcional flexível Fourier, que asseguram um bom ajuste para a fronteira, sendo fundamental para o cálculo da ineficiência econômica; o segundo artigo propõem os modelos generalizados de fronteira estocástica, baseando-se nos modelos lineares generalizados mistos com a abordagem bayesiana, para quantificar a ineficiência técnica de firmas (medida de incerteza) utilizando a variável resposta na escala original e distribuições pertencentes à família exponencial para a variável resposta dada a medida de ineficiência. / The firm is the main economic agent for the production and distribution of goods and services. Its constant investment in improvements and enhancement of its productive capacity to make itself more efficient becomes a central determinant of economic welfare of society. The measure process of inefficiency is based on frontier analysis, where inefficiency is measured as the distance between the observed points from variable response and real production, cost or profit function, depending on chosen model to describe the variable response. There are several functional forms to these functions and sometimes it is very difficult to decide which one has to be chosen because the true form is unknown and it can just be approximate. Generally, in the literature, production data are analyzed assuming multiplicative models that impose the restriction of what the production is strictly positive and use the logarithm transformation to turn the model lineal. It is considerate that the product\'s logarithm given the technical inefficiency has distribution continual, independent if the data are continuous or discrete. The papers presented in this thesis are: the first paper uses the bayesian inference to estimate the economic efficiency of firms in the cost stochastic frontier models using the Fourier flexible cost function, that assure a good settlement to the frontier being essential to calculate the economic inefficiency. The second paper proposes a generalized stochastic frontier models, based on generalized linear mixed models with the Bayesian approach, to quantify the inefficiency technical of the firms (uncertainty measures) by using the response variable in the scale original with distributions belonging on the exponential family to the response variable given the measure of inefficiency.

The energy analysis aims to compare the performance between productive units and activities, searching an approach to link the energy with the economic, social and cultural parameters in the management of natural resources in economic systems. The main question that arises and guides this dissertation is the analysis of the energy produced and consumed during the production process of major crops in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, namely, rice, soybeans and wheat, opposed to the economic results of such activities. The research was exploratory and based on multi-case studies with the use of literature review, laboratory analysis and interviews with producers. The choice of the production units studied favored the production systems that adopt modern technologies, where precision agriculture and controlled use of natural resources, such as water, are developed. Calculations were performed considering the energy available with workforce, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides) machinery and equipment as well as fuels (lubricating oils, greases and diesel). To obtain the results of economic activities the added-value theory was used. The results demonstrate that the activity of soybean in no-tillage system with crop rotation achieved the highest energy efficiency between 25.58 MJ.ha-1 and 38.39 MJ.ha-1, whereas wheat culture showed the lowest efficiency with 3.13 MJ.ha-1. Regarding the economic performance of crops, soybeans showed the highest economic efficiency 2,47 and wheat the lowest 1,14. It is worth mentioning the significant economic results achieved by the rice crop, expressed by the high added-value obtained per unit area (VAL/ha R$ 3,802.00) due to its high physical productivity. In spite of having positive energy indicators, significant expenses on fertilizer, fuel and pesticides were observed in all properties studied. Thus, we reinforce the importance of the debate on social and environmental sustainability of the systems studied, especially when analyzed from the perspective of energy expenses of non-renewable resources and social problems attributed to workforce. / A presente análise tem a finalidade de comparar o desempenho entre unidades e atividades produtivas, interligando os parâmetros energéticos aos econômicos, sociais e culturais, na gestão dos recursos naturais nos sistemas de produção. Sendo assim, a dissertação tem como questão norteadora analisar a relação entre a energia produzida e consumida durante o processo de produção das principais culturas de cereais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a saber: trigo, arroz e soja, em contraposição aos resultados econômicos das respectivas atividades. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratório, a partir de estudos de multicaso, com uso de pesquisa bibliográfica, análises de laboratório e entrevistas com produtores. A escolha das unidades de produção estudadas privilegiou as que adotam sistemas produtivos tecnificados, onde se desenvolve a agricultura de precisão e a utilização controlada de recursos naturais, como a água. Para determinar os resultados de análises energéticas foram realizados os balanços energéticos e as eficiências culturais e energéticas das culturas, ao passo que para os resultados econômicos das atividades estudadas foi utilizada a teoria do Valor Agregado. Os resultados demonstram que a atividade da soja, em sistema de plantio direto com rotação de culturas, alcançou a maior eficiência energética, entre 25,58 MJ.ha-1 a 38,39 MJ.ha-1, sendo que a relação de menor eficiência foi a cultura do trigo, com 3,13 MJ.ha-1. Em relação ao desempenho econômico das culturas, a soja igualmente mostrou a melhor eficiência econômica 2,47 e o do trigo 1,14 a menor. Cabe destacar os significativos resultados econômicos obtidos pela cultura do arroz, expressos pelo alto valor agregado obtido por unidade de área (VAL/ha de R$ 3.802,00) em função de sua alta produtividade física. Apesar dos indicadores energéticos serem positivos, houve significativos gastos com fertilizantes, combustíveis e agrotóxicos em todas as propriedades estudadas. Desta forma reforça-se a importância do debate sobre a sustentabilidade socioambiental dos sistemas estudados, principalmente quando analisados sob a ótica dos gastos energéticos de bens não-renováveis e da problemática social atribuída a mão-de-obra.

Esta dissertação investiga a relação entre eficiência econômica e reclamações trabalhistas. Especificamente, neste trabalho desenvolvemos um modelo teórico baseado na Teoria dos Jogos que explica o funcionamento econômico dos casos de reclamações trabalhistas, com ênfase na escolha entre soluções negociadas ou litigiosas para as mesmas. O texto dá atenção especial ao sistema existente no Brasil das Câmaras de Conciliação Prévia. Também testamos empiricamente as conclusões teóricas do modelo, para obter apoio empírico às suas previsões. Com base nas evidências obtidas, sugerimos alguns aperfeiçoamentos para melhorar o funcionamento das regras de solução das reclamações trabalhistas para extrair maior eficiência econômica destes procedimentos. / This dissertation investigates the relationship between economic efficiency and labor complaints. Specifically, this work developed a theoretical model based on Games Theory which explains the economic functioning of labor complaints cases, with emphasis on the choice between negotiated or litigant solutions to them. The text gives special attention to the existing system in Brazil called Câmaras de Conciliação Prévia (Prior Conciliation Boards). Moreover, we also have tested empirically the conclusions of the theoretical model, aiming to find empirical support to its forecasts. Based on the evidence obtained, we suggest some improvements to the functioning of the labor complaints solution rules, in order to extract greater economic efficiency from these procedures.

The values politicians relate with public administration are likely to affect the way that they want the public administration to be organised. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine which values Swedish parliamentary parties relate with public administration and more particularly how they emphasise these values. The study is conducted as an analysis of theoretically relevant bills that the government party and the parliamentary parties have introduced to the Riksdag, and reports and statements of opinion from the parliamentary committees. The documents are from the Riksdag´s sessions from 2000/01 to 2005/06. After examining the documents the conclusion can be drawn that the value that is most emphasised during the period is legal security. This might mean that legal security will have more influence on the decisions taken about the organisation of Swedish public administration.

The aim of this final thesis is to evaluate the economic efficiency of the realisation of a shopping center project. We can devide this work into two parts. The first one is concerning the theoretical explanation of an investment project, its financial aspects and the criteria for evaluating its economic efficiency. The second part focuses on the evaluation of the Tilla shopping center project according to the previous theoretical description. This evaluation is made by the net present value, the index of rentanility and the internal rate of return. In addition to the previous criteria there are the financial stability and the economic value added calculated to obtain a global view of this investment project.

This Diploma Thesis is focused on initial and operating costs. At first we calculated price for all building and for its other parts, which was calculated by program used for budgeting. After that we calculated partial costs which were done only for specific parts of the construction. These parts were changed and due to these changes we were finding out differences in heat losses and initial costs. Than for individual rooms we were defining heat losses. In this rooms, radiators were designed to cover its heat losses. By summarization of all heat gains we find out boiler´s power and this boiler was used in our building. After that we calculated initial costs for heating system includes radiators and boiler. In the end we compared both kinds of heating systems due to one year operating costs. Results were used for defining final heating system which is the most economic efficiential.