Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aimed at analyzing the environmental principles present in the Constitution of Mercosur Member States. Therefore, as a presupposed, we initially carried out an approach of points that are considered significant in the context of the economic integration in relation to the anthropocentric activity versus environment and, from this point constructing, from this view, a connection of the Mercosur formation history, as an informative feature in relation to the environment protection. In this context, we based the study through a reflection about the Environmental Law in vigor at the countries that are members of the Mercosur and in Latin America. Next, we established a discussion about the historicity of Mercosur constitution, highlighting as pyramidal points, the most significant events in the block construction since the Asunción Treat. We emphasized, along the text, the environment as an important element in the political and socioeconomic integration. In the final part of the work, we made an interpretative and prospective analysis of the environmental principles: fundamental human right; property social function; equity; sustainable development; precaution; prevention; polluter-pays; information; participation and cooperation that are present in the Constitutions of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. In the discussion, we highlighted the similarity of environmental principles inserted in the constitutional devices as well as the harmonization of these environmental rules. The results made it possible to adduce that during the period of the Southern Common Market construction, there was a progressive valorization of the environment, due to the elaboration of harmonized environmental rules, consequence of meetings which resulted in the production of important documents about environmental tutelage. Later on, there was a stagnation of this process. It is also unquestionable, that the paradigm adopted in the formation of the Southern Common Market was based in the principles inserted in the International Environmental Law and in the EU Constitutive Acts. Finally, to make this work proposal operative, we used the comparative process which allowed us to affirm that the principles of fundamental human right, property social function, equity, polluterpays and participation were found as present in the Constitution of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Although, we understand that all the principles listed to the analysis of this study are present only in the Constitution of Argentina and Brazil. Therefore, we can say that there are neither similarities of environmental principles in the Constitution of all Mercosur States nor a harmonization of environmental legislation with Constitutional support. / O estudo proposto objetivou uma análise dos princípios ambientais nas Constituições dos Estados Partes constituintes do Mercosul. Entretanto, como pressuposto, procedeu-se, inicialmente uma abordagem de pontos considerados importantes no contexto da integração econômica em relação à atividade antropocêntrica versus meio ambiente construindo-se, a partir desta exposição, uma conexão da historicidade da formação do Mercosul, como ponto informativo em relação à proteção ambiental. Nesse contexto fundamentou-se o estudo pela elaboração de uma reflexão do Direito Ambiental vigente nos países integrantes do Mercosul e América Latina. Na seqüência se estabeleceu uma discussão quanto à historicidade da constituição do Mercosul destacando-se como pontos piramidais os eventos mais significativos na construção do bloco a partirtir do Tratado de Assunção. Enfatizou-se, ao longo do texto o meio ambiente como elemento importante na integração política e socioeconômica. Na parte final elaborou-se uma análise interpretativa e prospectiva dos princípios ambientais: direito humano fundamental; função social da propriedade; eqüidade; desenvolvimento sustentável; precaução; prevenção; poluidor-pagador; informação; participação e cooperação, presentes nas Constituições da Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai. Destacou-se na discussão a similitude de princípios ambientais inseridos em dispositivos constitucionais, bem como a harmonização dessas normas. Os resultados permitem aduzir que no período da construção do Mercado Comum do Sul houve uma valoração progressiva do meio ambiente, face a proposição da elaboração de normativas ambientais harmonizadas, fruto de encontros que resultaram na constituição de importantes documentos de tutela ambiental. Havendo, posteriormente uma estagnação deste processo. É indiscutível, também que o paradigma adotado na formação do Mercado Comum do Sul esteve fundamentado na adoção de princípios inseridos no Direito Ambiental Internacional e Atos Constitutivos da UE. Por último, para que se pudesse operacionalizar o presente estudo empregou-se o processo comparativo, permitindo a afirmação de que os princípios do direito humano fundamental, função social da propriedade, eqüidade, poluidor-pagador e participação foram interpretados como presentes nas Constituições da Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai. E, em derradeiro, entende-se que somente nas Constituições da Argentina e do Brasil se encontram todos os princípios elencados para análise no decorrer desse estudo. Concluí-se, portanto que não ocorre uma similitude de princípios ambientais nas constituições dos Estados mercosulinos, bem com uma harmonização da legislação ambiental de amparo Constitucional.

Latin-American countries live a new international order featured by the markets globalization and the consequent homogenization of the society which requires from such countries politic-economic reforms and new models of foreign policies aiming the insertion within this new economical context and demanding from them the challenge of getting regionally integrated. Such facts have allowed building the bases of the mercosul. The present study has the objective of analyzing the participation of the state of Rio Grande do Sul on mercosul under the historical and current aspect with the objective of verifying if during the year of 1995 this last one was able to create politic strategies aiming at a positive commercial relationship with the participant countries. In that sense, the first part treats on the historical circumstances of the relationship of the state of Rio Grande do Sul with the platine countries and with Brazil in certain periods. The second one treats on the economical possibilities of the state on mercosul during the year of 1995. Rio Grande do Sul impose itself as region in relation to the platine countries due to the privileged geographic position, for the existence of similar historical experiences and economic interests making possible a real integration and allowing the state to firm its presence in relation to the mercosul. The year of 1995, period of effect of the stage of the integration process, Customs Union, have not provided positive commercial alterations to the state of Rio Grande do Sul due to changes on national economy for the Real Plan and also because the exportations had their bases on the agricultural sector where the countries of the mercosul are more competitive. / Os países latino-americanos vivenciam uma nova ordem internacional, caracterizada pela globalização dos mercados e conseqüente homogeneização da sociedade, que requer, de tais países, reformas políticas, econômicas, e novos modelos de políticas externas, visando à inserção neste novo contexto econômico que vai exigir, destes, o desafio de integrar-se regionalmente. Tais fatos tornaram possível lançar as bases do Mercosul. O presente estudo objetiva analisar a participação do estado do Rio Grande do Sul frente ao Mercosul, sob o aspecto histórico e atual, visando verificar se durante o ano de 1995 este soube criar estratégias políticas visando um relacionamento comercial positivo com os países participantes. Para tanto a primeira parte versa sobre as circunstâncias históricas do relacionamento do estado do Rio Grande do Sul com os países platinos e com o Brasil, em determinados períodos. A segunda, sobre as possibilidades econômicas do estado no Mercosul, durante o ano de 1995. O Rio Grande do Sul impõe-se, como região, frente aos países platinos, pela posição geográfica privilegiada, pela existência de experiências históricas e interesses econômicos semelhantes, tornando possível uma verdadeira integração e fazendo com que o estado firme sua presença frente ao Mercosul. O ano de 1995, período de vigor da fase do processo de integração, União Aduaneira, não proporcionou ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul modificações comerciais positivas, devido a mudanças na economia nacional, pelo Plano Real e, também, porque as exportações eram baseadas no setor agropecuário, onde os países do Mercosul são mais competitivos.

Globalization is the increasing world-wide integration of markets for goods, services, labor, and capital. It seems to increasingly dominate discussion on the direction of social change and representations of the world. This study is of no exception; it provides an overview on the economic aspects of globalization. It mainly focuses on economic integration, trade patterns of multinational firms and international labor movement. As part of the analysis, international labor movement is centered on the inflow of unskilled labor into host country and the effects they brings along to the welfare of local populations. Particular attention is also given to the construction sector. International trade grows rapidly along with the progress of globalization. The massive development of new communication and transportation technology has made possible for heterogeneous firms to look for optimum production allocation worldwide. There has however been massive debates among researchers on the conditions that firms decided upon when choosing the production allocation, i.e; whether to locate in one country and export to another or to locate in both countries at the same time. The study proposes a general equilibrium model in order to understand the mechanism of decision behavior of heterogeneous firms on production allocation. Apart from that, international labor movement is an important dimension of globalization and has become increasingly embedded in changes in global economic and social structures. Like the rest of the world, Malaysia is affected by globalization. The wide economic and demographic differences between Malaysia and its immediate neighbors triggered the cross-border movement of labor. The country began to rely on foreign labor, particularly unskilled labor, due to the structural changes and labor market segmentation that first emerged in the early 1970s. The unprecedented influx of these labors, following unabated high growth since the mid-1980s, raised several social, political and economic concerns. The popular perception was that foreign labors were affecting local unskilled labors, both in terms of wages and living standards. It is important to note that the vast majority of preceding discussions on the subject are from the social and political point of view. There is however lack of discussions from economic and quantitative perspective. This study endeavors to fill in these gaps and contribute to the body of knowledge. Consequently, empirical analysis is accomplished using CGE modeling on international labor movement in Malaysia. And this is the first attempt such approach is carried out thus far. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14920号 / 工博第3147号 / 新制||工||1472(附属図書館) / 27358

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16380号 / 工博第3461号 / 新制||工||1523(附属図書館) / 29011 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 岡田 憲夫, 准教授 松島 格也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Magister Legum - LLM / This mini thesis examines the repercussions of the establishment of institutions under the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) Agreement on countries that have multiple regional economic community (REC) memberships. The study notes that even though the TFTA initiative is being touted as a major milestone towards the ultimate establishment of the African economic Community (AEC) and that it will help solve problems associated with multiple REC memberships, the initiative may come at a cost to countries, especially those that have maintained multiple REC memberships. The study observes that the institutions that have been established under the TFTA are a mirror reflection of the already existing institutions in the three existing regional blocks forming the TFTA, thus the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), East African Community (EAC) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). The mini thesis argues that the creation of new TFTA institutions, in addition to the similar existing regional institutions, will translate into more financial costs; increased human resource cost for government officers; increase in non-financial treaty related obligations; and a high possibility of reaping fewer trade related gains, for countries that have multiple REC memberships. The mini thesis further demonstrates how the lack of clarity and hierarchy in the relationship between the TFTA institutions and the RECs’ institutions may negatively impact on countries that have multiple REC memberships. The mini thesis concludes by offering recommendations on how these challenges or costs on countries with multiple REC memberships can be addressed or ameliorated. / Government of Malawi

In order to assess the question as to whether the Southern African Development Community in principle attracts foreign direct investment, literature and data have been cited that compared the economic profiles and relative privatisation programs of member states of the Southern African Development Community with relative high inflows of foreign direct investment with the economic profiles and relative privatisation programs of member states with relative low inflows of foreign direct investment. Qualitative research has been conducted, and the author is of opinion that generally the member states with relative high foreign direct investment inflows had economic profiles and relative privatisation programs that encouraged foreign direct investment, and member states with relative low foreign direct investment inflows had economic profiles and relative privatisation programs that deterred foreign direct investment inflows. From the above the author has inferred that the Southern African Development Community in principle attracted foreign direct investment, but not to its full potential. The reason may be that although the member states’ economic profiles are favourable for foreign direct investment, their economic growths tend to fluctuate, and the future economic profiles are therefore unpredictable. With the above in mind this mini-treatise aims to address the question as to what steps the governments of the Southern African Development Community’s member states could follow in order to attract foreign direct investment. iii The author is of opinion that the member states should endeavour to maintain an annual average economic growth rate, and that the governments continue to engage into privatisation programs in order to encourage foreign direct investment.

The term Europe was omnipresent in the Third Reich during the Second World War. An abundance of primary sources attests to the German interest in a new European order. Nevertheless, historiography is in disagreement on the Europeanness of this New Order and on its actual relevance for National Socialist policies. This study argues that these differing appraisals are the result of a mistaken understanding of the National Socialist New Order. National Socialist Germany did not pursue a single, stable, and clear-cut notion of Europe-to-be, but constantly kept negotiating its war aims and the future of Europe under the heading New Order. By means of a discourse-analytical approach, this thesis reconstructs this New Order and shows that its defining dimensions were long-standing and well-established knowledge and belief systems: the idea of European economic cooperation and völkisch beliefs. Depending on the military situation and the scope of the German sphere of influence, the discursive weight of these interpretive frames varied during the war. Nevertheless, they produced temporarily stable visions of Europe-to-be. Contrasted with this development, an analysis of German policies clearly demonstrates that the New Order discourse did matter. A hermeneutical approach which draws on discourse-analytical concepts of power relations makes clear that the New Order discourse was powerful. It defined the permissible ways of thinking and speaking about the future of Europe and it endowed the activities of German occupation authorities and private companies with meaning. Thus, this study and its innovative perspective shed new light on the New Order and broaden our understanding of National Socialist wartime policies. Its findings suggest that the National Socialist Europe must not be dismissed as anti-European. National Socialist Germany discursively constructed and realised its own ideals of Europe-to-be. This völkisch and economic reorganisation not only guided the policies of German occupation policies and informed the actions of private businesses, but it also fits well into the German tradition of European thinking.

The Master Thesis deals with the problem of didactical processing of the curriculum of economic integration and European Union for business academies. The main goal of this work is to bring useful output which should make the process of teaching this topic easier for teachers. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to analyzing law regulations and educational programs which should lead to defining necessary requirements for teaching this topic. The practical part builds on the theoretical outcome. A theoretical presentation of the topic of economic integration and European Union is presented at the beginning of the practical part. Afterwards, the practical part focuses on creating a database of questions and tasks for practicing and evaluating students knowledge of this topic. In addition, results of a questionnaire research are presented afterwards. The research was conducted among the teachers and students of Karlínská Business Academy in Prague 8 who received the output of this work. The work is finished with a conclusion connected with a recommendation which was gained during the process of creating this Master Thesis.

In this dissertation, we use unique data set to examine bilateral Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) data and find determinant factors of bilateral FDI activities. In Chapter 1, we examine the relationships among the bilateral annual non-aggregated national level FDI, all levels of Economic Integration Agreements (EIAs) and political turnovers happened in both FDI exporting countries and FDI importing countries. In Chapter 2, we test the Tariff-Jumping FDI hypothesis and Export-Oriented FDI hypothesis. In Chapter 3, we examine and determine the key determinant factors of Cross-Hauling FDI status.

1 Abstract After the Euromaidan revolution, Ukraine has faced an annexation of Crimea and the War of Donbas, with the subsequent economic crisis hurting the living standards of the population. It has led many to travel abroad, as economic migrants, to find better conditions for work and residence. Many Ukrainians started working in Poland and the Czech Republic, becoming the largest group of foreigners there. This dissertation examines the differences between Ukrainians working in those two countries after 2014. Initially, this research discovers theories of migration and integration indicators, identifying key topics to focus on. Those topics are migrants' networks, migration policies of host countries and two integration indicators (real estate participation and human capital). The results suggest that migrants' networks successfully enhance social and economic integration of migrants, with a language factor playing a crucial role. Furthermore, it is important to note social integration largely depends on the willingness to integrate, and it is not always the case. This dissertation shows that Polish migration policies treat Ukrainian economic migrants more favourably than Czech migration policies, providing special treatment and easier access to the labour markets. However, a path to receive a...