The article addresses the relationship between drug trafficking and subnational politics having as unit of analysis the local authorities’ speeches of the Cuzco districts of Kimbiri and Pichari form 2006 to 2010 Based in a qualitative methodology but backed by a pair of statistical tests, it is found that candidates and then authorities have a dualistic perspective about the cultivation of coca leafs, which is directed mostly to the production of cocaine Thus, also the radicalism in the defense of coca leaf is not constant in time, but rather strategic and casual Last, based on model proposal about drug trafficking networks of influence, we conclude that the closer this illegal economic activity is at the authorities, these have an ambiguous and contradictory speech on the issue / El artículo aborda la relación del narcotráfico con la política subnacional teniendo por unidad de análisis los discursos de las autoridades municipales de los distritos cusqueños de Kimbiri y Pichari de 2006 a 2010 En base a una metodología cualitativa pero respaldada de un par de pruebas estadísticas se comprueba que los candidatos y luego autoridades no tienen una perspectiva dualista sobre el cultivo de hoja de coca cuya producción se dirige en su mayoría a la producción de cocaína Así también la radicalidad en la defensa de la hoja de coca no es constante en el tiempo, sino más bien estratégica y ocasional Por último, en base a un modelo propuesto sobre las redes de influencia del narcotráfico, se concluye que mientras más cercana se encuentre esta actividad económica ilegal a las autoridades, estas tendrán un discurso ambiguo y contradictorio sobre el tema / O artigo aborda a relação do narcotráfico com a política subnacional tendo a unidade deanalise aos discursos das autoridades municipais dos distritos cusqueños de Kimbiri e Pichari dos anos 2006 aos 2010 Na base duma metodologia qualitativa, mas apoiada de duas provas estadísticas se podem comprovar o que os candidatos e logo as autoridades, não tem uma perspectiva dualista sobre o cultivo da folha de coca o que sua produção dirige, maiormente a produção da cocaína Da mesma forma, a defensa radical da folha de coca não é constante no tempo, mas é estratégica e ocasional Finalmente, na base dum modelo proposto sobre as redes de influência do narcotráfico, pode-se concluir que se a atividade econômica ilegal fica per todas autoridades, elas tem um discurso duvidoso e com contradições sobre o tema

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar o financiamento da política no Brasil por pessoas jurídicas, a fim de evocar os riscos que gera para o processo de escolha dos governantes e a fase governamental. A análise dessas questões dá-se por meio de quatro chaves. A primeira trata da capitalização dos partidos políticos e candidatos, a qual demanda fixação de limites por meio de ferramentas de regulação que buscam equilíbrio nas campanhas eleitorais e no financiamento das atividades dos partidos. A segunda versa sobre os dados de eleições nacionais e de pesquisas empíricas sobre o resultado da participação de pessoas jurídicas, correlacionando-o com os efeitos colaterais do financiamento, quais sejam, a corrupção e a influência do poder econômico. O exame de alguns escândalos tem relevância na atualidade, sobretudo diante da possibilidade de subsidiarem reformas que se apresentam necessárias. A terceira aborda soluções encontradas em outros países para equacionar os efeitos da participação das pessoas jurídicas, com destaque para o debate da questão atinente à liberdade de expressão. A pesquisa revela que a Justiça Eleitoral e a jurisdição constitucional brasileira tiveram papel decisivo na conformação do financiamento da política. A quarta consiste na análise crítica das regras do ordenamento brasileiro, inclusive as decorrentes da reforma política, que visam equacionar os problemas diagnosticados no estudo, e das decisões da jurisprudência que lidaram com o princípio da igualdade. Ao final, alinham-se vantagens e desvantagens do financiamento da política por pessoas jurídicas. / The present work aims to analyze the political financing by legal entities in Brazil in order to evoke the risks for the process of choosing the rulers and the period of governorship. The analysis of the issues considers four keys. The first is about the capitalization of the political parties and the candidates, which demands the fixing of limits through regulation tools to seek the balance in the electoral campaigns and in the financing of the parties activities. The second one concerns the data of the national elections and the empirical researches on the result of the participation of legal entities, correlating it with the side effects of financing, in other words corruption and the influence of the economic power. The exam of some scandals is relevant in the present time mainly considering the possibility of subsidizing reforms that are presented as necessary. The third point considers the other countries solutions to balance the effects of the legal entities contributions especially the discussion of the issue pertaining to freedom of expression. The research reveals that the Electoral Courts and the Brazilian constitutional jurisdiction had a decisive role shaping the political financing. The fourth key is the critical analyses of the Brazilian legal system, including the rules resulting from the political reform, which intended to solve the problems identified in the study, and the case law which dealt with principle of equality. In the end, there is an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of political financing by legal entities.

This Master thesis examines the German foreign energy policy with focus on the German- Russian energy cooperation and the pipeline projects Nord Stream I and II. It seeks to analyze inconsistencies or even contradictions in the German foreign policy regarding the Nord Stream project. Both strategic and business interests on one hand and value based policy on the other are present and observable. Therefore this paper works with Jakub Eberle's concept of Germany as "dividual actor" which enables us to work with the already mentioned inconsistencies. Furthermore, this approach allows us to observe "geo-economic power" aspects in German actions (favoring strategic and mostly business interests) as well as "civilian power" aspects (value based policy) and eventually to see Germany as an actor in the international relations in its complexity. This thesis therefore aims to contribute to a broader debate about German actorness and its roles in international system. Moreover, German domestic energy policy will be analyzed in order to provide us with the basis for German foreign energy policy. The main focus of this paper is on natural gas and its importance in the German energy mix as well as on German dependence on its imports. The import routes and primarily the pipeline routes Nord Stream I and II are...

Une des caractéristiques des entreprises multinationales est leur implantation dans des pays divers géographiquement et culturellement. Les services de communication interne sont représentés majoritairement comme la solution pour susciter l’adhésion à la culture d’entreprise et pour développer une synergie autour de celle-ci en dehors des considérations culturelles de chacun.Le discours dominant veut que la culture d’entreprise soit acceptée de la même façon par l’ensemble des salariés, notamment grâce à la communication interne qui y est définie comme un acteur stratégique jouant un rôle dynamique dans le quotidien de l’entreprise. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contraster les discours sur la communication interne avec les conclusions tirées de l’observation des tâches assurées par ses responsables dans trois filiales d’entreprises multinationales, en particulier pour constater à quel point les questions interculturelles font partie de leur quotidien. Il s’agit également de contraster les discours qui représentent l’entreprise comme une organisation à l’ordre social statique, basé sur une culture d’entreprise consolidée, avec le quotidien des salariés qui essaient de se trouver un espace d’expression de leur différence culturelle face à la culture de l’entreprise, ce qui remet en cause l’idée de l’environnement interne d’entreprise solide et inerte.Pour faire ressortir les écarts entre les discours et la réalité du travail dans l’entreprise multinationale, nous avons construit un cadre conceptuel basé sur la théorie de la régulation sociale de J.-D. Reynaud, en faisant l’hypothèse que la communication entre la culture de l’entreprise et les cultures des salariés se manifesterait via un jeu de règles permanent, et sur la théorie de l’ordre négocié de A. Strauss qui représente l’organisation en construction permanente de son ordre social basé sur la négociation des compromis entre acteurs. Les concepts du pouvoir et des représentations sociales sont utilisés pour renforcer l’idée selon laquelle toute interaction au sein de l’entreprise ne peut exister sans la présence des différentes manifestations de ces deux concepts.Pour formuler des conclusions, nous avons adopté une méthodologie de recherche basée sur l’étude de cas durant laquelle nous avons eu recours à l’observation participante, aux entretiens semi-directifs et à l’analyse du contenu des publications de la communication interne. / One of the characteristics of multinational enterprises is their implementation in countries geographically and culturally diverse. Internal communication services are represented mostly as the solution to build support for the corporate culture and to develop synergy around it beyond workers' cultural considerations. The dominant discourse states that the corporate culture is to be accepted in the same way by all employees, notably through internal communication services, which are defined as a strategic actor playing an active role in everyday business. The objective of this thesis is to contrast the discourse of internal communication services with the conclusions drawn from the observation of tasks performed by its officials in three subsidiaries of multinational companies, in particular to see how cross-cultural issues are part of their daily lives. It aims also at contrasting how discourses that represent the company as an organization whose static social order is based on a consolidated corporate culture, with employees trying to find a space to express their cultural difference against the company culture in their daily life. In order to highlight the gaps between the rhetoric and reality of working in a multinational enterprise, we assembled a conceptual framework based on J.-D. Reynaud's theory of social regulation, assuming that communication between the corporate culture and the cultures of the employees would manifest itself through a set of permanent rules, and A. Strauss' negotiated order theory, which represents the organization permanently constructing its social order through the negotiation of compromises between actors. The concepts of power and social representations are used to highlight the idea that any interaction within the company can not exist without the presence of different manifestations of these two concepts. In order to draw conclusions, we have adopted a research methodology based on case studies. We have therefore used participant observation, semi-structured interviews and content analysis of the publications of internal communication services.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this paper we addressed the theme of the conflict of interest within the Brazilian corporations. It was also covered, reflexively, the discipline of the particular benefit . To address the systemic study of the chosen theme, we started the studies analyzing its proximity with the line of research economic power and legal limitations, starting from he notion of the economic analysis of law. In structuring this paper it were also addressed other topics such as the importance of voting rights (including the absenteism, the abuse of voting rights, the restrictions on voting rights, the difference between abuse and the conflict of interest). It was also explored the legal treatment given to conflicts of interest according to the comparative law; in this regard, we made an approach of the German, Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese legal systems. Finally, we make use of decisions from the CVM (Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission), CRSFN (Appeals Council of the National Financial System) and the Brazilian courts to illustrate the current stage of the administrative jurisprudential understanding on the subject hereof. In essence, this paper intends to contribute with the systematic study of the conflict of interests of shareholders and officers of Brazilian corporations, identifying assumptions that are underlying the existing doctrines and contrasting the treatment given to the conflicts of interest that shareholders and officers have against the companies and between themselves. / Nesta dissertação desenvolvemos o tema do conflito de interesses nas sociedades por ações. Também, abordamos, de maneira reflexa, a disciplina do "benefício particular". Para desenvolver o estudo sistêmico do tema escolhido, iniciamos os estudos verificando sua proximidade com a linha de pesquisa poder econômico e limites jurídicos, valendo-nos, para tanto, das noções da análise econômica do direito. Na estruturação deste trabalho, também aproveitamos de outros temas relacionados como, por exemplo, a importância dos direitos de voto (no que se inclui o absenteísmo, o voto abusivo, as restrições ao voto, a diferença entre abuso de voto e conflito de interesses). Também buscamos demonstrar a disciplina do conflito de interesses no direito comparado; nesse sentido, fizemos uma abordagem dos ordenamentos jurídicos alemão, espanhol, francês, italiano e português. Por fim, relacionamos as decisões da CVM, do CRSFN e dos tribunais brasileiros para ilustrar o atual estágio da compreensão jurisprudencial e administrativa acerca do tema tratado. Em suma, esta dissertação visa contribuir com o estudo sistemático da disciplina do conflito de interesses de acionistas e administradores de companhias brasileiras, identificando as premissas que fundamentam os posicionamentos existentes e contrapondo o tratamento conferido ao conflito de interesses entre a companhia e os acionistas e/ou administradores, bem como o conflito de interesses entre os próprios acionistas e administradores.