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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A via não tão rápida entre Solow e Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans: o desenvolvimento da teoria do crescimento econômico na década de 1960 / The not so fast turnpike between Solow and Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans: the development of economic growth theory during the sixties

Cosendey, Matheus Assaf 12 September 2016 (has links)
Resumo: Dois modelos formam a base da teoria moderna de crescimento econômico, conhecidos como modelo de Solow-Swan e modelo de Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans. Os dois modelos são apresentados por uma narrativa linear. O modelo de Solow representaria um primeiro modelo mais básico para compreender o crescimento econômico. Já Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans relaxaria a forte hipótese do primeiro modelo de que a propensão a poupar seria uma alíquota fixa, transformando a decisão de poupança em uma decisão derivada de um comportamento maximizador de utilidade e assim enriquecendo o modelo de Solow por clarificar a relação de crescimento econômico com a teoria do equilíbrio geral. O propósito deste trabalho é desafiar esta narrativa linear. Para isto, a dissertação apresenta outros assuntos de importância para a teoria do crescimento na década de 1960 que não se encaixam nesta narrativa, os teoremas de turnpike e os modelos de dois setores. Estes dois temas atuam como elos que ligam as três distintas comunidades representadas pelos atores Robert Solow, Tjalling Koopmans e David Cass, demonstrando que a relação entre os dois modelos é menos linear do que é usualmente apresentado. / Abstract: Two models shape the basis of modern economic growth theory, known as the Solow-Swan model and the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model. Both models are usually presented by a linear narrative. The Solow model would represent a first basic model to understand economic growth. The Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans would come to enrich the basic Solow model, by relaxing the constant propensity to save hypothesis, making the savings decision derived from a utility maximizing behavior. The purpose of this work is to challenge this linear narrative. This dissertation introduce other subjects that were influential to the development of growth theory in the sixties, but don\'t fit in the linear narrative: the turnpike theorems and the two-sector models of growth. These two subjects operate as links that connect three different scientific communities, represented by the actors Robert Solow, Tjalling Koopmans and David Cass, and help to evidence that the relation between the Solow model and the Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model is less linear than usually presented.
12

Entre a história e a economia: o pesamento econômico de Roberto Simonsen / Between history and economy: economic thought of Roberto Simonsen

Luiz Felipe Bruzzi Curi 31 January 2014 (has links)
Esta dissertação versa sobre o pensamento econômico de Roberto Simonsen. A partir de uma perspectiva de reconstituição histórica do pensamento econômico, busca-se compreender a formação do pensamento de Simonsen, levando em conta as instituições que frequentou e sua trajetória como empresário e político. Enfatiza-se a dimensão da participação de Simonsen na difusão internacional de ideias econômicas, adaptando ideias estrangeiras ao contexto brasileiro. Mostra-se que a interpretação que Simonsen dá para a história do Brasil, em seu livro clássico, é muito importante para a construção de seu pensamento econômico, estruturado em torno dos eixos do protecionismo e do planejamento. / This dissertation deals with the economic thought of Roberto Simonsen. From a perspective based on the historical reconstitution of economic thought, we seek to understand the formation of Simonsens economic thought, taking into account the institutions to which he belonged and his role as a businessman and as a politician. We emphasize Simonsens participation in the international diffusion of economic ideas, adapting foreign ideas to the Brazilian context. We show that Simonsens interpretation of Brazilian economic history, present in his classic book, is very important for the construction of his economic thought, structured around two axes: protectionism and economic planning.
13

Manuel Joaquim Rebelo e o pensamento econômico português na crise do império luso-brasileiro / Manuel Joaquim Rebelo and the Portuguese Economic Thought in the Luso-Brazilian Empire Crisis

Vilagra, Bruno Ricardo Souza 04 April 2017 (has links)
Manuel Joaquim Rebelo, negociante da praça de Lisboa, escreveu Economia Política, em 1795. Em sua obra abordou questões relacionadas ao funcionamento da economia, que deveriam ser compreendidas sob um princípio único norteador. Rebelo desenvolveu teoricamente temas como a liberdade dos agentes econômicos, divisão do trabalho, composição do valor das mercadorias e o papel do mercado na economia e sociedade. Sua obra foi publicada apenas em 1821, no bojo das Cortes Gerais e Extraordinárias da Nação Portuguesa, momento em que o debate sobre economia tomava a cena a fim de equacionar as múltiplas realidades díspares que então compunham o Império Luso-Brasileiro. O trabalho ora apresentado, retoma a análise de Manuel Joaquim Rebelo trazendo novas informações sobre o autor, que ajudam a compreender sua inserção na sociedade portuguesa, ao mesmo tempo em que evidencia sua relação com o debate sobre economia política em Portugal no final do século XVIII. Sua obra, Economia Política é analisada evidenciando suas aproximações, distanciamentos e avanços em relação ao pensamento econômico português no período. Ademais, para apontar as raízes de seu pensamento, relacionamos suas ideias com autores da economia política como Adam Smith e Antônio Genovesi. Finalmente, comparamos Economia Política com os textos publicados na mesma ocasião, em 1821, para indagarmos os prováveis motivos que levaram à sua publicação naquele momento. / Manuel Joaquim Rebelo, merchant of Lisbon, wrote Political Economy, on 1795. In his work he addressed issues related to the functioning of the economy that should be understood on a single guiding principle. Rebelo developed theoretically themes such as the freedom of economic agents, labour division, composition of goods value, and the role of the market in the economy and the society. His work was published only in 1821, in the context of the General and Extraordinary Courts of the Portuguese Nation, when the debate on economics took the scene in order to equate the multiple realities that then comprised the Luso-Brazilian Empire. The work presented now, resume the analysis of Manuel Joaquim Rebelo bringing forward new information on the author that help us to understand his insertion into the Portuguese society, while evidencing his relation with the debate on political economy in Portugal in the late eighteenth century. His work, Political Economy is analysed highlighting its approximations, distances and advances in relation to the Portuguese economic thought in the period. Furthermore, to point out the roots of his thought, we relate his ideas with political economy authors as Adam Smith and António Genovesi. Finally, we compare Political Economy with the texts published on the same occasion in 1821, to inquire on the probable reasons that led to its publication at that time.
14

A teoria econômica na cosmovisão de Ibn Khaldun / The economic theory in the worldview of Ibn Khaldun

Cristi, Renato Roschel 09 October 2017 (has links)
O pensador do século XIV Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) é considerado por muitos um precursor das ciências sociais e da filosofia da história. Sua obra, Os Prolegômenos ou Filosofia Social, principal objeto de estudo no presente trabalho, é um marco na sociologia geral, na história e na economia. O objetivo desta dissertação não é estudar as teorias presentes nesse texto em minuciosos detalhes. Ao invés disso, colocaremos Ibn Khaldun sob uma luz diferente. Trataremos aqui da cosmovisão que está por trás dos escritos desse pensador. Acreditamos que ele tentou conciliar um método até então novo de fazer pesquisa histórica, sociológica e econômica, baseado na lógica aristotélica e em certo cuidado com os fatos, porém, sempre com a intenção de enquadrar suas descobertas em uma moldura teológica fundamentada no Alcorão. A partir desse esforço, buscaremos demonstrar como conceitos econômicos, políticos e religiosos fundamentam, em Os Prolegômenos, certa cosmovisão fatalista e cíclica da história e em quais pontos ela pode ser considerada extremamente autoral e exemplar para uma melhor compreensão do mundo islâmico do século XIV. / The 14th century thinker Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is considered by many to be a forerunner of the social sciences and the philosophy of history. His work, The Muqaddimah: an introduction to history, main object of study in the present work, is a milestone in general sociology, history and economics. The purpose of this dissertation is not to study the theories present in Ibn Khaldun\'s text in minute detail. Instead, we will put Ibn Khaldun in a different light. We will deal here with the worldview behind the writings of this thinker. We believe that he tried to reconcile a hitherto new method of doing historical, sociological and economic research, based on Aristotelian logic and some caution with facts, but always with the intention of conforming his findings in a theological framework based on the Quran. From this effort, we will try to demonstrate how economic, political and religious concepts in The Muqaddimah ground for a certain fatalistic and cyclical worldview on history and at what points it can be considered extremely authorial and exemplary for a better understanding of the Islamic world of 14th century.
15

Do homem smithiano ao homo economicus : egoísmo e dissolução da moral

Avila, Róber Iturriet January 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho se propõe a remontar a dissolução ocorrida no tempo em que a Economia Política buscava limitar seu campo de estudo, particularmente no que se refere a percepção sobre a conduta humana e a assunção de que os homens são intrinsecamente egoístas. Para tanto, é desenvolvida a visão do homem moralmente condicionado em Adam Smith e também as modificações subsequentes originadas nas diferentes concepções dos autores da escola clássica e da neoclássica. Sendo que estas mudanças enfatizam o egoísmo do agente econômico. Neste intento, é retraçado o caminho da consolidação do postulado do egoísmo, assim como os percalços, controvérsias e conflitos desta caracterização. São explorados os elementos que auxiliaram na transformação do homem smithiano em homo economicus, tais como a leitura descontextualizada de Smith, o individualismo, o utilitarismo, o individualismo metodológico, o positivismo e a própria necessidade de abstração teórica. Adicionalmente, é verificado que a confusão de conceitos presente nesta construção metodológica traz a referência de que a ciência econômica faz apologia ao egoísmo. Esta percepção é um subproduto do desenlace da economia com as questões morais. / This research is proposed to reassemble the dissolution occurred when the Political Economy sought to limit their field of study, particularly in the perception of humann behavior and the assumption that men are inherently selfish. To do that, it is developed the perception of Adam Smith about human behavior, and the subsequent changes resulting from different conceptions of classical and the neoclassical authors. These changes emphasize the selfishness of the economic agent. In this attempt, is showed the way of the consolidating of self-interest premise, the mishaps and controversies of this path. It explores the the elements that collaborated in the transformation of Smithian man in homo economicus, such as decontextualized reading of Smith, individualism, utilitarianism, methodological individualism, positivism and the very necessity of theoretical abstraction. Additionally, it is observed that the confusion of concepts present in this methodological construction suggests that economics salutes the egoism. This is a result of the distinction between moral and economic aspects.
16

Entre a história e a economia: o pesamento econômico de Roberto Simonsen / Between history and economy: economic thought of Roberto Simonsen

Curi, Luiz Felipe Bruzzi 31 January 2014 (has links)
Esta dissertação versa sobre o pensamento econômico de Roberto Simonsen. A partir de uma perspectiva de reconstituição histórica do pensamento econômico, busca-se compreender a formação do pensamento de Simonsen, levando em conta as instituições que frequentou e sua trajetória como empresário e político. Enfatiza-se a dimensão da participação de Simonsen na difusão internacional de ideias econômicas, adaptando ideias estrangeiras ao contexto brasileiro. Mostra-se que a interpretação que Simonsen dá para a história do Brasil, em seu livro clássico, é muito importante para a construção de seu pensamento econômico, estruturado em torno dos eixos do protecionismo e do planejamento. / This dissertation deals with the economic thought of Roberto Simonsen. From a perspective based on the historical reconstitution of economic thought, we seek to understand the formation of Simonsens economic thought, taking into account the institutions to which he belonged and his role as a businessman and as a politician. We emphasize Simonsens participation in the international diffusion of economic ideas, adapting foreign ideas to the Brazilian context. We show that Simonsens interpretation of Brazilian economic history, present in his classic book, is very important for the construction of his economic thought, structured around two axes: protectionism and economic planning.
17

History of the calculus of variations in economics / História do cálculo variacional em economia

Reginatto, Vinícius Oike 16 August 2019 (has links)
In this dissertation work, I present a broad historical account of how the calculus of variations was applied in economics in the 1920s up until the 1940s. In the interwar period, mathematical economics was a vibrant and plural community of authors. Previous historical works on this period have focused on specific points of these authors. The present dissertation focuses on the mathematical technique, i.e., the calculus of variations and how it was used in economics. This history also encompasses the early mathematization of economics, the early history of econometrics, and the struggles to devise a dynamic theory of economics in a general equilibrium framework. I follow mainly the works of American mathematician Griffith C. Evans (18871973) whom I argue is a seminal author in this literature. In 1924, Evans used the calculus of variations to put forward a dynamic version of A. Cournot\'s classic analysis of monopoly. In the following decades, a handful of authors followed Evans\'s approach and used the calculus of variations to research depreciation, business cycles, optimal savings, and general equilibrium. In the late 1960s, similar mathematical formulations became common place in the form of optimal control and dynamic programming. These new mathematical techniques shared intimate relations with the calculus of variations. / Neste trabalho de dissertação, apresento uma história geral de como o cálculo variacional foi aplicado na economia no período dos anos 1920 até 1940. Durante o período do entreguerras, havia uma comunidade plural e vibrante de autores trabalhando com economia matemática. Trabalhos históricos sobre esse período se debruçaram sobre pontos específicos desses autores. O presente trabalho tem como foco a técnica matemática, i.e., o cálculo variacional e como ele foi utilizado na economia. Minha história também abarca o início da matematização da economia, os primeiros anos da econometria, e os desenvolvimentos de uma teoria dinâmica de economia dentro de um modelo de equilíbrio geral. Este trabalho segue de perto a obra do matemático estadunidense Griffith C. Evans (1887-1973), um autor seminal nesta literatura. Em 1924, Evans usa o cálculo variacional para dinamizar a análise clássica de monopólio de A. Cournot. Nas próximas décadas, a maior parte dos autores que usaram o cálculo variacional em economia seguiram a abordagem de Evans: eles encontraram aplicações para o cálculo de variações em teorias de depreciação, ciclos de negócios e equilíbrio geral. No final da década de 60, modelos matemáticos usando controle ótimo e programação dinâmica se popularizaram em economia. Estas novas técnicas matemáticas têm íntima relação com o cálculo variacional.
18

Upon Daedalian Wings of Paper Money: Adam Smith, Free Banking, and the Financial Crisis of 1772

Goodspeed, Tyler Beck January 2014 (has links)
From 1716 to 1845, the Scottish financial system functioned with no official central bank or lender of last resort, no public (or private) monopoly on currency issuance, no legal reserve requirements, and no formal limits on bank size. In support of previous research on Scottish "free banking," I find that this absence of legal restrictions on Scottish banking contributed to a proliferation of what Adam Smith derisively referred to as "beggarly bankers" which rendered the Scottish financial system both intensely competitive and remarkably resilient to a series of severe adverse shocks to the small developing economy. In particular, despite large speculative capital flows, a fixed exchange rate, and substantial external debt, Scotland's highly decentralized banking sector effectively mitigated the effects of two severe balance of payments crises arising from exogenous political shocks during the Seven Years' War. I further find that the gradual introduction of regulations and legal restrictions into Scottish banking was the result of aggressive political lobbying by the largest Scottish banks, and effectively raised barriers to entry and encouraged banking sector consolidation. I argue that while these results did not cause the severe financial crisis of 1772, they amplified the level of systemic risk in Scottish credit markets and increased the likelihood that portfolio losses in the event of an adverse economic shock would be transmitted to depositors and noteholders through disorderly bank runs, suspensions of payment, and institutional liquidation. Finally, I find that unlimited liability on the part of Scottish bank shareholders attenuated the effects of financial instability on the real economy. The financial crisis of 1772 in Scotland thus offers a valuable historical perspective on issues relating to the political economy of financial regulation, regulatory and intellectual capture, and institutional reform in banking. / History
19

Marginal Revolutions: Economies and Economic Knowledge between Qing China, Russia, and Mongolia, 1860 - 1911

Dear, Devon Margaret January 2014 (has links)
This dissertation began with a question: what does it mean to say or grasp "the economy"? This dissertation examines it examines on-the-ground trading, mining, and money lending between Russian and Qing subjects in Qing Mongolian territories and southeastern Siberia, primarily, though not exclusively, during the years 1860 - 1911. This dissertation uses archival records from Mongolia, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China, in addition to travel accounts, economic surveys, gazetteers, and periodicals. Combining Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, and Russian primary sources, it provides a trans-imperial examination of both how quotidian trade was carried out as well as the broader intellectual and political contexts that shaped the parameters of economic life. A bourgeoning labor market developed in Mongolia in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The legalization of Russian trade provided new labor opportunities for Mongolians and Russian alike, particularly in working in transportation, wool washing, and mining. In addition to the transportation industry examines cases of gold-mining, Russian-Mongolian debt, and Buddhist monasteries' roles in facilitating trade.
20

The Mentalities Of

Asir, Seven 01 January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
This study is an attempt to challenge the conventional decline-irrationality literature in the Ottoman historiography. Conventional view presented a way of thinking that is unfavorable to the rational economic behavior as the explanatory factor for the so-called decline of Ottoman Empire. Using an explicitly comparative approach, main aim of the study is to account for the specific trajectory of the Ottoman transformation without recourse to the conventional view. Juxtaposing the Ottoman and Western experience, the traditional explanation runs through the specific trajectory of Ottoman transformation in terms of its mental inferiority with respect to the so-called Western rationale. In contradistinction, this study aims to demonstrate that the Ottoman and Spanish experiences can be analyzed within the same comparative framework without an eye to such factors as &lsquo / irrationality&rsquo / .

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