nÃo hà / Em 2008, o mundo se deparou com uma crise econÃmica que abalou as pilastras e confiabilidade no setor bancÃrio mundial. Os bancos se estruturam em um processo defensivo de proteÃÃo de seus ativos. No Brasil, O Governo Federal estimulou os bancos pÃblicos a prover crÃdito no mercado, buscado suavizar os efeitos de fuga de investimento e repatriaÃÃo de cash na recomposiÃÃo dos ativos. A pergunta chave desse artigo Ã: houve alteraÃÃo na Competitividade de Bancos PÃblicos e Privados em Mercados Locais Brasileiros apÃs o ano 2000? Mais de uma dÃcada se passou e refizemos essa verificaÃÃo para dados de 2010, seguindo Bresnahan e Reiss (1991a), e comparamos com o trabalho de Coelho, Pinho e Rezende (2011). Dada a alta concentraÃÃo no setor bancÃrio, como se comportaria uma simulaÃÃo de fusÃo entre os dois maiores bancos pÃblicos brasileiros? Esse trabalho se divide em 03 (trÃs) artigos. No artigo n 1, verificamos se houve mudanÃa na competitividade em bancos pÃblicos e privados para a dÃcada de 2010. Constatamos mudanÃas significativas, com alteraÃÃo da qualificaÃÃo do custo e do processo de estruturaÃÃo da margem preÃo-custo que nos faz inferir numa mudanÃa na composiÃÃo e de estratÃgias dos bancos pÃblicos e privados em uma nova visÃo competitiva do setor. Os bancos pÃblicos nÃo afetam o comportamento dos bancos privados em mercados locais, mas a exigÃncia de tamanho de mercado para a inserÃÃo de um novo concorrente foi reduzida pela alteraÃÃo da estrutura dos custos e influÃncias de efeitos regionais. E se considerÃssemos o mercado com apenas um banco pÃblico? No artigo n 2, refizemos a anÃlise, considerando a CAIXA como o Ãnico banco pÃblico, e encontramos resultados semelhantes a nossa anÃlise revisional de 2010, a notar mais Ãnfase nos efeitos regionais, tanto na reduÃÃo dos custos pra a regiÃo Norte como na alteraÃÃo negativa nos deslocadores de demanda para as regiÃes Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, bem como influÃncia praticamente nula do Ãnico banco pÃblico â CAIXA na reduÃÃo dos lucros dos bancos privados. No artigo n 3, apresentamos uma anÃlise de simulaÃÃo de fusÃo no setor bancÃrio brasileiro. O objetivo central foi capturar os efeitos da fusÃo entre o Banco do Brasil e a CAIXA em 12 (doze) segmentos/portifÃlios mais significativos do mercado. Os resultados do equilÃbrio pÃs-fusÃo foram obtidos pelo modelo PCAIDS (Proportionality-Calibrated Almost Ideal Demand System), proposto por Epstein e Rubinfeld (2002), que simula a fusÃo de 02 (duas) empresas em um mercado oligopolizado. Os Resultados do exercÃcio de simulaÃÃo confirmaram os aumentos esperados nos âpreÃosâ dos segmentos. Este resultado à condizente com a expectativa de que as fusÃes implicam em aumentos de preÃos de mercado e, sem ganhos de eficiÃncia econÃmica, podem impor perdas para os consumidores. / In 2008, the world faced an economic crisis that shook the pillars and reliability in the global banking sector. Banks are structured in a defensive process of its asset protection. In Brazil, the federal government encouraged public banks to provide credit in the market, sought to soften the investment leakage effects and cash repatriation in the restructuring of assets. The key question that is: was no change in Competitiveness Public and Private Banks in Local Brazilian markets after 2000? More than a decade has passed and redid this check to 2010 data, following Bresnahan and Reiss (1991a), and compared with Coelho's work, Pinho and Rezende (2011). Given the high concentration in the banking sector, would behave as a simulation of a merger between the two largest Brazilian public banks? This work is divided into 03 (three) articles. In Article 1, we check to see if there was a change in competitiveness in public and private banks for the decade to 2010. We found significant changes, by changing the qualification of the cost and price-cost margin of the structuring process that makes us infer a change in the composition and strategies of public and private banks in a new competitive view of the sector. Public banks will affect the behavior of private banks in local markets, but the market size requirement for the inclusion of a new competitor was reduced by changing the cost structure and influences of regional effects. And if we consider the market with only a public bank? In Article 2, redid the analysis, considering CAIXA as the only state-owned bank, and found similar results to our revisional analysis 2010, noted more emphasis on regional effects, both in reducing costs to the North as in the negative change in demand shifters for the Southeast, South and Midwest, and virtually no influence of the only public bank - CAIXA in reducing the profits of private banks. In Article 3, we present a fusion of simulation analysis in the Brazilian banking sector. The main objective was to capture the effects of the merger between Banco do Brazil and CAIXA in 12 (twelve) segments most significant portfolio in the market. The results of the post-merger balance were obtained by PCAIDS model (Proportionality-Calibrated Almost Ideal Demand System), proposed by Epstein and Rubinfeld (2002), which simulates the merger of 02 (two) companies in an oligopoly market. The results of the simulation exercise confirmed the expected increases in "price" of the segments. This result is consistent with the expectation that mergers entail market price increases and without economic efficiency gains, impose losses to consumers.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T19:03:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sérgio Fernandes Ferreira - 2013.pdf: 1474988 bytes, checksum: cf686adb295132f42034584da756c318 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-31T12:06:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sérgio Fernandes Ferreira - 2013.pdf: 1474988 bytes, checksum: cf686adb295132f42034584da756c318 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-31T12:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Sérgio Fernandes Ferreira - 2013.pdf: 1474988 bytes, checksum: cf686adb295132f42034584da756c318 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-21 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The aimed was to include virginiamycin and salinomycin to supplement beef cattle growth in atropical grass base diet during rainy season. Experiment 1: A total of 45 animals, grouping on 15 maleNelore of the same contemporary group, in RBD distribution; rotational grazing system handled (Panicum maximum cv. Massai). Variables analyzed were SMC, DWG, biometric measurements, BCS and economic assessment. Experiment 2: 6 fistulated animals were used, Nellore males of the same contemporary group, distributed in LSD 3x3 replicated; rotational grazing system handled (Brachiariadecumbens) from 14h to 10h hours and the MS. Variables analyzed were MSC, rumen pH, ammonia, DM, NDF and ADF in siturumen degradability. For both experiments, three treatmentswereconsisted: control, mineral supplement by COMIGO - Cria61 - F2 (MS); virginiamycin: MS + virginiamycin (Phigrow ®) 100 mg / animal / day; salinomycin: MS + salinomycin (Posistac ®) 108 mg / animal / day. The results were analyzed by varianceanalysis and means were compared by Tukey test (P>05). The group control showed greater MSC (P <0.05), the virginiamycin group increased 25.4% in DWG (P <0.05), 0.583 kg / animal / day, compared to control (0.465 kg / animal / day), and 9.79% in relation to salinomycin (0.531 kg / animal / day) and that higher than the control14.2%. There was a reduction of 18.7% in the CSM to virginiamycin and salinomycin to 29.0% when comparing with the control. The virginiamycin was handling better financial efficiency: 26% higher than the control and 8.6% higher than salinomycin, and this, 16% higher than the control. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) for MSC on rumen pH average(6.66, 6.61 and 6.56) and ammonia concentration (4,207, 4,238 and 3,892 mg N-NH3 / dL ) respectively for control, virginiamycin and salinomycin. The results for DM degradability and ADF, showed no significant difference (P <0.05) for analyzed variables. There was statistical differencesin NDF degradability (P> 0.05), virginiamycin had the highest degradability in 2 and 5% of passage rates, similar to control and greater than salinomycinin the 8% / hourrate. The virginiamycin and salinomycin can be linked toSM, however do not promote significant effects on ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen values on DM e ADF degradability. But virginiamycin promoted greater effective degradability of NDF. The aimed was to include virginiamycin (VM) in two levels to energy-protein supplement (EPS) for beef cattle growth on a basic diet of tropical grass in the dry season. Experiment 1: A total of 45 animals were used, in groups of 15 maleNellore of the same contemporary group, randomly distributed in RB; in rotational grazing system handled (Tifton 85). Experiment 2: A total of 6 fistulatedNellore males of the same contemporary group, distributed in LSD 3x3 replicated. Animals were handled in a rotational grazing system (Brachiariadecumbens) in the dry season. Distributed into three treatments: control, COMIGO Mineral Supplement - Production - F.10 protein-energy (PES); VM 100: PES + VM (Phigrow ®) 108 mg / animal / day; VM 200: PES + VM (Phigrow® ) 216 mg / animal / day. Variables analyzed in in experiment 1 were PESC, DGW, biometric measurements and BCS and in experiment 2, PESC, rumen pH, ammonia, DM, NDF and ADF, in situ degradability. Results were analyzed by variance analysis and means were compared by Tukey test (P>0.05). There was no difference in ADG, PESC and biometric measurements (P <0.05), ADG for VM 200, 0,431, 0,391 and 100 VM control 0.398 kg / animal / day. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) for PESC, in the overall rumen pHaverage (7.02, 7.04 and 7.06) and ammonia concentration (3,961, 3,876 and 4,147 mg N-NH3 / dL) respectively for control, VM 100 and VM 200 (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference (P <0.05) for any variables in DM, NDF and ADF degradability analyses. Virginiamycin inclusion caused greater supplementreduction on cattle on grazing pasture, and did not affect rumen pH, in rumen ammonia, dry matter and neutral detergent fiber and aciddegradability values. / A virgianamicina é um antibiótico não ionóforo e a salinomicina um antibiótico carboxílico poliéster ou simplesmente ionóforo, que têm sido usados como manipuladores ruminais para obtenção de melhores índices zootécnicos. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos no GMD, no consumo de suplemento, nas medidas biométricas, ECC e na eficiência econômica para 45 bovinos machos inteiros, Nelore criados em pasto de Panicum maximum CV. Massai no verão e Cynodon spp. no inverno; no pH ruminal, na concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal, no consumo de suplemento, na DISMS, DISFDN e DISFDA por 6 bovinos machos Nelore fistulados no rúmen criados em pasto de Brachiaria decumbens, com a inclusão de virginiamicina ou salinomicina veiculadas no suplemento mineral no período das águas e no suplemento proteico-energético no período seco do ano. Os tratamentos no período das águas foram constituidos: controle, apenas Suplemento Mineral COMIGO – CRIA 61 – F.2 (SM); virginiamicina = SM + virginiamicina (PhiGrow®) 100 mg/animal/dia; salinomicina = SM + salinomicina (Posistac®) 108 mg/animal/dia; e os tratamentos no período seco foram constituidos: controle, apenas Suplemento Mineral COMIGO Produção F.10 protéico-energético (SPE); VM 100 = SPE + 108 mg/animal/dia de virginiamicina; VM 200 = SPE + 216 mg/animal/dia de virginiamicina. No período das águas o grupo controle apresentou maior CSM (P>0,05), o grupo virginiamicina maior (P>0,05) GMD (0,583), seguido por salinomicina (0,531) e o grupo controle (0,465 kg/animal/dia). As medidas biométricas não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05), sugerindo que haja uma mudança na composição do GMD entre os diferentes tecidos. A virginiamicina foi o tratamento de melhor eficiência financeira: 26% superior ao controle e 8,6% superior ao salinomicina, e este, 16% superior ao controle. Para os animais fistulados não houve diferença (P<0,05) para CSM, mas houve redução para os 3 tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa na média global do pH ruminal e nitrogênio amoniacal (mg NNH3/ dL). Os resultados para DISMS e DISFDA, não apresentaram diferenças (P<0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas. Na degradabilidade da FDN houve diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05), a virginiamicina apresentou as maiores degradabilidade efetiva nas taxas de passagem de 2 e 5%, e semelhante ao controle e maior que salinomicina na taxa de 8%/hora. Para o período seco não houve diferenças para GMD, CSPE e para medidas biométricas (P<0,05), GMD para VM 200 de 0,431; VM 100 de 0,391 e controle de 0,398 kg/animal/dia. O uso de VM ao nível de 216 mg/ animal/ dia promoveu aumento da eficiência econômica. Para os animais fistulados não houve diferença (P>0,05) para CSPE, na média global do pH ruminal, 7,02 para controle, 7,04 para VM 100 e 7,06 para VM 200, e nitrogênio amoniacal (mg N-NH3/ dL), 3,961 para controle, 3,876 para VM 100 e 4,147 para VM 200 (P>0,05. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas na degradabilidade da MS, da FDN e da FDA, os valores observados sugerem que é necessário maior número de repetições para situações similares às realizadas nesta experimentação. Objetivou-se incluir a virginiamicina e a salinomicina ao suplemento para bovinos de corte em crescimento com dieta base de gramínea tropical no período das águas. Experimento 1: foram utilizados 45 animais, grupos de 15 animais machos Nelore de mesmo grupo contemporâneo, distribuídos em DBC; manejados em sistema de lotação rotacionada (Panicum maximum cv. Massai). As variáveis analisadas foram o CSM, GMD, medidas biométricas, ECC e apreciação econômica. Experimento 2: foram utilizados 6 animais fistulados no rúmen, machos Nelore de mesmo grupo contemporâneo, distribuídos em DQL 3x3 replicado; manejados em sistema de lotação rotacionada (Brachiaria decumbens) das 14 às 10 horas e ao SM. As variáveis analisadas foram o CSM, pH ruminal, nitrogênio amoniacal, degradabilidade ruminal in situ da MS, FDN e FDA. Para ambos os experimentos, foram constituídos três tratamentos: controle, apenas suplemento mineral COMIGO – Cria 61 – F2 (SM); virginiamicina: SM + virginiamicina (Phigrow®) 100 mg/animal/dia; salinomicina: SM + salinomicina (Posistac®) 108 mg/animal/dia. Os resultados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P>0,05). O grupo controle apresentou maior CSM (P<0,05), o grupo virginiamicina acréscimo de 25,4% no GMD (P<0,05), 0,583 kg/ animal/ dia, em relação ao controle (0,465 kg/ animal/ dia), e 9,79% em relação ao salinomicina (0,531 kg/animal/dia), e este 14,2% superior ao controle. Houve redução de 18,7% no CSM para virginiamicina e 29,0% para salinomicina ao comparar com o controle. A virginiamicina foi o tratamento de melhor eficiência financeira: 26% superior ao controle e 8,6% superior ao salinomicina, e este, 16% superior ao controle. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para CSM, na média do pH ruminal (6,66, 6,61 e 6,56) e da concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (4,207, 4,238 e 3,892 mg N-NH3/ dL) respectivamente para controle, virginiamicina e salinomicina. Os resultados para a degradabilidade da MS e FDA, não apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) para as variáveis analisadas. Na degradabilidade da FDN houve diferenças estatísticas (P>0,05), a virginiamicina apresentou as maiores degradabilidade efetiva nas taxas de passagem de 2 e 5%, e semelhante ao controle e maior que salinomicina na taxa de 8%/hora. A virginiamicina e a salinomicina, podem ser veiculados ao SM, contudo não promovem efeitos significativos nos valores do pH ruminal, do nitrogênio amoniacal, na degradabilidade da MS e da FDA. Mas a virginiamicina promoveu maior degradabilidade efetiva da FDN. Objetivou-se incluir em dois níveis a virginiamicina (VM), ao suplemento proteicoenergético (SPE) para bovinos de corte em crescimento com dieta base de gramínea tropical no período seco do ano. Experimento 1: Foram utilizados 45 animais, grupos de 15 animais machos Nelore de mesmo grupo contemporâneo, distribuídos aleatoriamente em DBC; manejados em sistema de lotação rotacionada (Tifton 85). Experimento 2: Foram utilizados 6 animais fistulados no rúmen, machos Nelore de mesmo grupo contemporâneo, distribuídos em DQL 3x3 replicado. Os animais foram manejados em sistema de lotação rotacionada (Brachiaria decumbens) diferida no período seco do ano. Foram constituídos três tratamentos: controle: apenas Suplemento Mineral COMIGO – Produção – F.10 proteico-energético (SPE); VM 100: SPE + VM (Phigrow®) 108 mg/animal/dia; VM 200: SPE + VM (Phigrow®) 216 mg/animal/dia. As variáveis analisadas foram o CSPE, GMD, medidas biométricas e ECC no experimento 1 e o CSM, pH ruminal, nitrogênio amoniacal, degradabilidade ruminal in situ da MS, FDN e FDA no experimento 2. Os resultados foram interpretados por meio de análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P>0,05). Não houve diferença para GMD, CSPE e para medidas biométricas (P<0,05), GMD para VM 200 de 0,431; VM 100 de 0,391 e controle de 0,398 kg/animal/dia. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para CSPE, na média global do pH ruminal (7,02, 7,04 e 7,06) e da concentração de nitrogênio amoniacal (3,961; 3,876 e 4,147 mg NNH3/ dL) respectivamente para controle, VM 100 e VM 200 (P>0,05). Não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas na degradabilidade da MS, da FDN e da FDA. A inclusão de virginiamicina promoveu acentuada redução no consumo do suplemento em bovinos sob pastejo diferido e não influenciou os valores do pH ruminal, nas concentrações de nitrogênio amoniacal no rúmen, na degradabilidade da matéria seca e das fibras em detergente neutro ou ácido.

Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung ist ein starker Anstieg der anthropogenen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre zu verzeichnen, der zu einer Veränderung des Klimas auf der Erde führt. Schon heute sind die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und zahlreiche Bereiche des täglichen Lebens zu beobachten. Diese werden sich mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel noch verstärken. Auch das Bauwesen muss sich auf die sich verändernden klimatischen Einwirkungen wie beispielsweise Sommerhitze, Überflutung, Starkregen, Hagel und Wind einstellen. Für keine der genannten klimatischen Einwirkungen ist das Änderungssignal in den Klimaprojektionen so eindeutig wie für die Sommerhitze. Aus diesem Grund wird der Handlungsbedarf beim sommerlichen Wärmeschutz als besonders hoch eingeschätzt. In den westlichen Industriestaaten halten sich Erwachsene während des Sommers circa 80 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Deshalb ist das Innenraumklima von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Behaglichkeit, die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit und die Gesundheit des Menschen. Wie sich der Klimawandel auf die gebaute Umwelt in Deutschland auswirkt, ist weitestgehend unerforscht. Es ist zu klären, ob nur einzelne baukonstruktive Details, die heutigen Bemessungsregeln oder sogar grundsätzliche Entwurfsprinzipien für Gebäude überdacht werden müssen. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit der die Auswirkungen des bereits beobachteten und des zu erwartenden Klimawandels auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz bestehender Bürogebäude beurteilt werden können. Erst dadurch lässt sich ein etwaiger Handlungsbedarf objektiv feststellen und begründen. Ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, beispielhafte Anpassungsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Baukonstruktion zu entwickeln, mit denen auch in Zukunft die sommerliche Behaglichkeit in bestehenden Bürogebäuden sichergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, ob baukonstruktive Maßnahmen allein in Zukunft ausreichen können oder ob zusätzlich anlagentechnische Lösungen zur technischen Kühlung unumgänglich werden. Die entwickelten Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollen die Grundlage für Gebäudekonzepte und Fassadenkonstruktionen sein, welche auch bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel die Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz erfüllen. Des Weiteren soll eine Methode zur Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aufgezeigt werden. Um untersuchen zu können, inwieweit die Verletzbarkeit infolge zunehmender Sommerhitze und der entsprechende Anpassungsbedarf von der Baukonstruktion abhängen, wurden drei Bürogebäude unterschiedlicher Baualtersstufen ausgewählt und mittels dynamisch-thermischer Gebäudesimulation analysiert. Die dynamisch-thermische Gebäudesimulation ist aktuell die detaillierteste Methode zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Nur mit ihr können komplexe Gebäudekonzepte oder automatisierte Systeme ausreichend genau nachgebildet werden. Zur Abbildung des bereits stattgefundenen und des projizierten Klimawandels wurden fünf Klimadatensätze verwendet, mit denen der Klimawandel von der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts dargestellt werden kann. Die Schwachpunkte der drei untersuchten Gebäude wurden analysiert und darauf aufbauend detaillierte Anpassungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet und wiederum über Simulationen bewertet. Umfangreiche Detailzeichnungen zu den angepassten Gebäudekonzepten und Fassadenkonstruktionen sollen eine Umsetzung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis erleichtern. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, den durch diese Maßnahmen erzielten Nutzen in Geldeinheiten zu bewerten. Dadurch können Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung über Investitionsrechenverfahren zugeführt werden. / Since the beginning of industrialization, a large increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has been detected. This increase is the main cause for the observed climate change. The impacts of climate change on the environment and numerous aspects of human lives have been visible and will become more and more threatening with ongoing climate change. Civil engineering has to deal with changing climate-related hazards such as summer heat, flooding, torrential rain, hail and storm. For none of the mentioned climatic impacts on buildings, the climate change signal is as unambiguous and robust as for summer heat. Thus, actions to protect from summer overheating are highly required. During summer, adults in the Western industrialized states spend about 80 % of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor climate is of essential importance for comfort, mental performance and human health. The impacts of climate change on the built environment in Germany are rarely investigated. It has to be determined whether the building construction details, current design regulations or the design principles have to be revised. This thesis aims to develop a research methodology, which evaluates the impacts of the observed and expected climate change on the protection against summer overheating of existing office buildings. Only thus a possible need for action can be objectively determined and justified. Another major objective is the development of exemplary adaptation measures for various building construction types to ensure the comfort in existing office buildings during summer. Of particular interest is the question if it will be sufficient in the future to use only passive measures or if it will be unavoidable to install technical cooling capacities. The developed adaptation measures should be the basis for building concepts and façade constructions that are able to guarantee high comfort and an improved protection against summer overheating. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the economic efficiency of adaptation measures is demonstrated. To investigate the relationship between building construction and vulnerability, three buildings of different construction year categories have been analyzed using dynamic thermal building simulations. At present, the dynamic thermal building simulation is the most detailed method for evaluating the protection against summer overheating. This is the only method which is able to reproduce complex building concepts and automated systems in sufficient detail. In order to demonstrate the impacts of the observed and projected climate change on buildings between the middle of the 20th century and the end of the 21st century, five climate datasets have been applied. The weak points of the three investigated buildings have been analyzed. Based on this, detailed adaptation measures have been developed and evaluated by thermal building simulations. Comprehensive drawings, which show the adapted building concepts and façade details, will facilitate the application in practice. Different possibilities are demonstrated to express the achieved benefit from the adaptation measures in monetary units. Therefore, adaptation measures can be assessed by investment calculations.

Cette thèse s'intéresse à la réconciliation entre le défi mondial du changement climatique et les solutions locales et sectorielles qu'il convient de bien articuler pour contribuer, efficacement, équitablement et de la manière la plus acceptable, à la réduction des émissions de CO2. Plus précisément, nous étudions les conditions pour une mise en place réussie de la politique climatique à l'échelle de la mobilité urbaine des personnes. / This PhD thesis deals with the reconciliation of the global challenge that is climate change and the local and sectoral solutions that need to be accurately designed to remedy to it the most efficiently, equitably and acceptably possible. More specifically, we investigate the conditions for a successful implementation of climate policy at the scale of the urban mobility of passengers.

This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of economic efficiency and the financial feasibility of the project realised by the municipality. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical background chapter, the author introduces the topic of the public sector and the public investment project. Furthermore, this thesis discusses methods which are used for evaluation of economic efficiency of the public projects and also their financing. The second part deals with the case study of the parking house project in Litomyšl. The author uses knowledge from the theoretical part to evaluate the effectiveness of the project and possible sources of financing.

This doctoral thesis deals with the modelling of projects improving the thermal technical characteristics of buildings. The solution of this problem seems to be finding at least one cost-effective option. The basic method of evaluation of cost-effectiveness is represented by the compilation of all corresponding cash flows and their rendering in time through discounting. The aim of the docáral thesis is the processing and modeling of individual investment options related with improve the thermal-technical properties of buildings and finding a cost-optimal variants, ideally. One of the expected outputs is to develop a comprehensive methodology (modeling and simulation task) useful for defining all potential investment projects improving variant thermal-technical properties of the object.

Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung ist ein starker Anstieg der anthropogenen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre zu verzeichnen, der zu einer Veränderung des Klimas auf der Erde führt. Schon heute sind die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und zahlreiche Bereiche des täglichen Lebens zu beobachten. Diese werden sich mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel noch verstärken. Auch das Bauwesen muss sich auf die sich verändernden klimatischen Einwirkungen wie beispielsweise Sommerhitze, Überflutung, Starkregen, Hagel und Wind einstellen. Für keine der genannten klimatischen Einwirkungen ist das Änderungssignal in den Klimaprojektionen so eindeutig wie für die Sommerhitze. Aus diesem Grund wird der Handlungsbedarf beim sommerlichen Wärmeschutz als besonders hoch eingeschätzt. In den westlichen Industriestaaten halten sich Erwachsene während des Sommers circa 80 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Deshalb ist das Innenraumklima von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Behaglichkeit, die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit und die Gesundheit des Menschen. Wie sich der Klimawandel auf die gebaute Umwelt in Deutschland auswirkt, ist weitestgehend unerforscht. Es ist zu klären, ob nur einzelne baukonstruktive Details, die heutigen Bemessungsregeln oder sogar grundsätzliche Entwurfsprinzipien für Gebäude überdacht werden müssen. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit der die Auswirkungen des bereits beobachteten und des zu erwartenden Klimawandels auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz bestehender Bürogebäude beurteilt werden können. Erst dadurch lässt sich ein etwaiger Handlungsbedarf objektiv feststellen und begründen. Ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, beispielhafte Anpassungsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Baukonstruktion zu entwickeln, mit denen auch in Zukunft die sommerliche Behaglichkeit in bestehenden Bürogebäuden sichergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, ob baukonstruktive Maßnahmen allein in Zukunft ausreichen können oder ob zusätzlich anlagentechnische Lösungen zur technischen Kühlung unumgänglich werden. Die entwickelten Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollen die Grundlage für Gebäudekonzepte und Fassadenkonstruktionen sein, welche auch bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel die Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz erfüllen. Des Weiteren soll eine Methode zur Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aufgezeigt werden. Um untersuchen zu können, inwieweit die Verletzbarkeit infolge zunehmender Sommerhitze und der entsprechende Anpassungsbedarf von der Baukonstruktion abhängen, wurden drei Bürogebäude unterschiedlicher Baualtersstufen ausgewählt und mittels dynamisch-thermischer Gebäudesimulation analysiert. Die dynamisch-thermische Gebäudesimulation ist aktuell die detaillierteste Methode zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Nur mit ihr können komplexe Gebäudekonzepte oder automatisierte Systeme ausreichend genau nachgebildet werden. Zur Abbildung des bereits stattgefundenen und des projizierten Klimawandels wurden fünf Klimadatensätze verwendet, mit denen der Klimawandel von der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts dargestellt werden kann. Die Schwachpunkte der drei untersuchten Gebäude wurden analysiert und darauf aufbauend detaillierte Anpassungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet und wiederum über Simulationen bewertet. Umfangreiche Detailzeichnungen zu den angepassten Gebäudekonzepten und Fassadenkonstruktionen sollen eine Umsetzung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis erleichtern. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, den durch diese Maßnahmen erzielten Nutzen in Geldeinheiten zu bewerten. Dadurch können Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung über Investitionsrechenverfahren zugeführt werden. / Since the beginning of industrialization, a large increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has been detected. This increase is the main cause for the observed climate change. The impacts of climate change on the environment and numerous aspects of human lives have been visible and will become more and more threatening with ongoing climate change. Civil engineering has to deal with changing climate-related hazards such as summer heat, flooding, torrential rain, hail and storm. For none of the mentioned climatic impacts on buildings, the climate change signal is as unambiguous and robust as for summer heat. Thus, actions to protect from summer overheating are highly required. During summer, adults in the Western industrialized states spend about 80 % of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor climate is of essential importance for comfort, mental performance and human health. The impacts of climate change on the built environment in Germany are rarely investigated. It has to be determined whether the building construction details, current design regulations or the design principles have to be revised. This thesis aims to develop a research methodology, which evaluates the impacts of the observed and expected climate change on the protection against summer overheating of existing office buildings. Only thus a possible need for action can be objectively determined and justified. Another major objective is the development of exemplary adaptation measures for various building construction types to ensure the comfort in existing office buildings during summer. Of particular interest is the question if it will be sufficient in the future to use only passive measures or if it will be unavoidable to install technical cooling capacities. The developed adaptation measures should be the basis for building concepts and façade constructions that are able to guarantee high comfort and an improved protection against summer overheating. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the economic efficiency of adaptation measures is demonstrated. To investigate the relationship between building construction and vulnerability, three buildings of different construction year categories have been analyzed using dynamic thermal building simulations. At present, the dynamic thermal building simulation is the most detailed method for evaluating the protection against summer overheating. This is the only method which is able to reproduce complex building concepts and automated systems in sufficient detail. In order to demonstrate the impacts of the observed and projected climate change on buildings between the middle of the 20th century and the end of the 21st century, five climate datasets have been applied. The weak points of the three investigated buildings have been analyzed. Based on this, detailed adaptation measures have been developed and evaluated by thermal building simulations. Comprehensive drawings, which show the adapted building concepts and façade details, will facilitate the application in practice. Different possibilities are demonstrated to express the achieved benefit from the adaptation measures in monetary units. Therefore, adaptation measures can be assessed by investment calculations.

Im Rahmen des Transferprojektes sollen baubetriebliche Rahmenbedingungen und Kennwerte, die zur Beurteilung der wirtschaftlichen Anwendung des Verfahrens geeignet sind, erarbeitet werden. Untersucht werden soll die Applikation von textilbewehrtem Beton im Bereich der Sanierung und Verstärkung von großflächigen Betonbauteilen. Generell können Bauaufgaben in sehr vielen Fällen durch verschiedene Bauverfahren realisiert werden, die sich regelmäßig hinsichtlich der Kosten, der benötigten Bauzeit aber auch hinsichtlich der gelieferten Qualität und des Einflusses auf die Umwelt unterscheiden. Aus baubetrieblicher Sicht wird traditionell über den kalkulatorischen Verfahrensvergleich jenes Verfahren ermittelt, mit dem die Realisierung am wirtschaftlichsten ausgeführt werden kann. Falls qualitative Kriterien beim Verfahrensvergleich mit berücksichtigt werden sollen, stehen verschiedene Methoden zur Auswahl. Der Begriff Nutzwertanalyse wird häufig als Synonym für diese nichtmonetären Bewertungsverfahren verwendet. In diesem Sinne ist auch der Titel des Beitrages zu verstehen. Die Grundlage bilden die baubetrieblichen Rahmenbedingungen, welche im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojektes bestimmt werden. Hierzu zählen unter anderem die Entwicklung einer Trockenmischung des zu verwendenden Betons aus der bisher verwendeten Standardrezeptur der TU Dresden und geeigneter Maschinen für die Applikation des textilbewehrten Betons.

The subject of this thesis is a socio-economic assessment of the investment project. In the theoretical part I discuss what is a project, evaluation of public projects, methods of evaluating the economic efficiency of public projects, evaluation of the efficiency of investments in waterways using the CBA method, economic performance indicators and sensitivity and risk analysis. In the practical part, I develop a case study on a specific project, where I focus on the development of financial analysis, economic analysis and sensitivity analysis on all project options.

The diploma thesis deals with the assessment of financial stability and investment activities in the municipality. It characterizes investments and feasibility study and describes the grant policy of the European Union and the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis also deals with the indicators of financial analysis, describes a specific municipality and assesses its financial stability. It also presents investment projects in the municipality, assesses their effectiveness and proposes further development of the municipality.