A proporção de mulheres encarceradas está crescendo em ritmo mais acelerado que o dos homens. As razões para este aumento importante têm sido atribuídas principalmente ao estilo de vida relacionado ao consumo de substâncias psicoativas e delitos associados ao uso de drogas. De fato, cerca de metade das mulheres presas tem histórico de abuso de substâncias, e um terço demonstra níveis elevados de impulsividade. Os objetivos do estudo, geral e especifico, foram avaliar entre mulheres condenadas por crime de homicídio, o consumo de álcool e outras drogas ilícitas, os sintomas depressivos e os aspectos da sexualidade (orientação sexual, práticas sexuais atuais e pretéritas, história de abuso sexual e impulsividade sexual). Outrossim, desenvolver uma proposta de elaboração de cluster para a população investigada, aventando possibilidade de avaliação e manejo específico para cada grupo encontrado, partindo da identificação de subtipos de mulheres condenadas por homicídio, foi desenvolvida. Os dados analisados foram provenientes de 158 pessoas presas do sexo feminino, cumprindo pena por homicídio na Penitenciária Feminina Sant\'Ana, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A análise de classes latentes foi usada para agrupar as participantes em grupos, a partir de variáveis associadas ao uso indevido de substâncias e impulsividade. Duas classes foram identificadas: Grupo 1 - Sem problemas (no problematic) (cluster 1: 54,53%; n=86); Grupo 2 - Com problemas (problematics) (cluster 2: 45,57%; n =72). Após controlar diversas variáveis psicossociais e criminológicas, no Grupo 02 (cluster two), as presas mostraram ter iniciado mais cedo as práticas criminosas, além de apresentarem um nível de escolaridade mais baixo do que as presas do Grupo 01 (cluster one). Reconhecer as necessidades de grupos específicos de infratoras femininas é crucial para desenvolvimento de um sistema adequado de política de saúde e para a diminuição da reincidência criminal entre as delinquentes que demonstraram maior risco / The proportion of incarcerated women is growing faster than the rate of men. The reasons for this significant increase were mainly attributed to drug use lifestyle and offenses related to drug use. About half of the women prisoners, has a history of substance abuse and a third shows high levels of impulsivity. The objectives of the study, general and specific, were: GENERAL: Evaluate, among women convicted of homicide crime, alcohol and other illicit drugs (use, abuse and dependence meters); depressive symptoms and aspects of sexuality (sexual orientation, current and previous sexual practices, history of sexual abuse and sexual impulsivity). ESPECIFIC: Propose development cluster for the study population, considering their heterogeneity. (Note: The cluster analysis will be based on categorical and continuous variables obtained in this study.); propose evaluation and management for each type based on identifying subtypes of women convicted of homicide. Data were from 158 people trapped females, serving a sentence for murder in the Women\'s Penitentiary Sant\'Anne, in São Paulo, Brazil. Latent class analysis was used to group the participants into misuse of substance classes and impulsivity. Two classes have been identified: Group 1 - No problem (the problematic) (cluster 1: 54.53%; n = 86). Group 2 - With problems (problematics) (cluster 2: 45.57%; n = 72). After controlling for various psychosocial and criminological variables in Group 02 (cluster two), the tusks shown to have earlier started criminal practices, in addition to having a lower educational level than the fangs of Group 01 (one cluster). Recognizing the needs of specific groups of female offenders, it is crucial to developing an appropriate health policy system and to reduce the recidivism among offenders who demonstrated greater risk

Ce mémoire a pour objectif de comprendre la situation de l’emploi et le salaire pour les diplômés universitaires en Chine à l’entrée du marché de travail pendant les dernières années. Après la revue de littérature, nous avons supposé trois hypothèses sur la compétence personnelle basée sur la théorie du capital humain. Dans cette recherche, les données retenues proviennent de deux sources : (1) les canaux officiels, y inclus les rapports diffusés et les statistiques publiées par le ministère de l’Éducation ou le Bureau national des Statistiques en Chine. (2) les canaux non gouvernementaux, soit les institutions d’enquêtes indépendantes et les organisations académiques en Chine. Nos résultats d’observation nous permettent de constater que les diplômés chinois sont exposés à une vive concurrence dans un marché où l’offre de travail y est excédentaire. Les caractéristiques personnelles, la qualité de l’enseignement, le niveau de scolarité et la discipline d’étude, peuvent affecter dans une certaine mesure l’emploi et le salaire de départ. Finalement, nous concluons ce mémoire avec des propositions de pistes de solution aux caractéristiques chinoises qui visent à réduire la difficulté d’emplois des diplômés. / The objective of current study is to understand the situation of employment and the entrance level salary for graduates in China of recent years. According to the literature review, we assumed three hypotheses regarding individual competence based on the theory of human capital. The data in this research came from two sources: (1) the official channels, including reports and statistics published by the Ministry of Education or the National Statistics Bureau in China. (2) non-governmental channels, including investigation and research work by the institutions independent in China. Our analysis showed that Chinese graduates were exposed in a oversupply labor market. However, some personal character in academic background, such as the teaching quality, education level and study subject, may have an impact on employment and entrance level salary to some degree. In the end we draw a conclusion with Chinese-style solution, which aims at reducing the problem of unemployment.

Le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière, qui traduit la mise en œuvre du rôle professionnel, est essentiel à l’accessibilité, à la continuité, à la qualité ainsi qu’à la sécurité des soins, dont ceux dispensés aux enfants et à leur famille. Or, il semble que les infirmières éprouvent certaines difficultés à déployer pleinement leur étendue de pratique, ce qui pourrait également compromettre la satisfaction professionnelle, un enjeu majeur pour la rétention du personnel dans les organisations de soins de santé. Le but de cette étude est de mesurer l’étendue effective de la pratique d’infirmières en pédiatrie, ses déterminants et son influence sur la satisfaction professionnelle. Le cadre de référence, un modèle original développé dans cette thèse, prend appui sur la théorie des caractéristiques de l’emploi (Hackman & Oldham, 1974), le modèle tension-autonomie (Karasek, 1985), la théorie du rôle (Biddle, 1979) et les travaux de D’Amour et al. (2012) portant sur l’étendue de la pratique infirmière. Afin d’atteindre le but de cette étude, le modèle développé met en relation les caractéristiques du travail et les caractéristiques individuelles d’influence potentielle sur le déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière. Il présuppose également un lien entre l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et la satisfaction professionnelle. Un devis corrélationnel descriptif a été retenu pour cette étude. Une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’infirmières de cinq secteurs d’activités d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique universitaire du Québec a été réalisée (N=301). Les associations entre les variables ont été examinées en utilisant des analyses bivariées, multivariées et un modèle d’équations structurelles. Les analyses effectuées révèlent une bonne concordance du modèle développé (ratio x²/dl= 1,68; RMSEA = ,049; CFI = ,985). Au total, le modèle explique 32,5 % de la variance de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et 11,3% de la variance de la satisfaction professionnelle. Les résultats font état d’un déploiement non-optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière (3,21/6; É.T.= ,707). Les variables significativement associées au déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière sont: la latitude décisionnelle (β = ,319; p <0,01), la surcharge de rôle (β = ,201; p <0,05), l’ambiguïté de rôle (β = ,297; p <0,05), le besoin de croissance individuelle de l’infirmière (β = ,151; p <0,05) et le niveau de formation (β = ,128; p <0,05). Il est également démontré que l’étendue de la pratique infirmière est associée positivement à la satisfaction professionnelle (β = ,118; p <0,01). Une description plus détaillée des résultats de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière en fonction du niveau de formation et du poste occupé met en lumière que les infirmières bachelières ont une étendue de pratique significativement plus élevée (3,35; É.T =,746) que les infirmières collégiales (3,12; É.T =,669). L’occupation d’un poste de clinicienne est aussi associée à une plus grande étendue de pratique infirmière. Précisément, les infirmières qui occupent un poste d’infirmière obtiennent un score de 3,13/6 (É.T =,664) alors que le score des infirmières qui occupent un poste de clinicienne s’élève à 3,48/6 (É.T =,798). Cette étude innove en présentant un modèle de référence qui a le potentiel de générer des connaissances importantes en sciences infirmières en lien avec le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de pratique infirmière. Prenant appui sur ce modèle novateur, les résultats révèlent les caractéristiques du travail sur lesquelles il y a urgence d’agir afin d’accroître le déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et par le fait même la satisfaction professionnelle. / Optimal deployment of the scope of nursing practice, through which nurses’ professional role is expressed, is essential for ensuring accessibility, continuity, quality, and safety of care, including those provided to children and their families. Even so, it seems that nurses encounter certain difficulties when it comes to fully deploying their scope of practice. The impossibility of carrying out care activities that form part of the scope of nursing practice can also compromise job satisfaction, a major issue for healthcare organizations in terms of staff retention. The aim of this study is to measure the actual scope of nursing practice in pediatrics, its determinants, and its influence on professional satisfaction. The reference framework, an original model developed in this thesis, is based on job characteristics theory (Hackman & Oldham, 1974), the job demand-control model (Karasek, 1985), role theory (Biddle, 1979) and the work of D’Amour et al. (2012) on scope of nursing practice. To achieve the study objectives, the model developed here examines the relationships between job characteristics and individual characteristics that can potentially influence the deployment of scope of nursing practice. The model also proposes a link between scope of nursing practice and professional satisfaction, a distinct dimension of job satisfaction. A descriptive correlational design was used for this study. A survey was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire completed by nurses in five activity sectors of a pediatric university hospital (N = 301). Variability in both actual scope of nursing practice and professional satisfaction was explained using sequential multivariate regressions assuming an additive and moderating effect for individual characteristics. The potential mediating effect of scope of nursing practice between job characteristics and professional satisfaction was verified using structural equations modelling. The analyses reveal good fit for the model developed (x²/df ratio index = 1.68, RMSEA = .049, CFI = .985). Altogether, the model explains 32.5% of the variance for actual scope of practice and 11.3% of the variance for professional satisfaction. The results show non-optimal deployment of the scope of nursing practice (3.21/6; SD = .707). The analyses demonstrated the significant influence on actual scope of nursing practice of certain variables of the model: decision latitude (β = .319; p <0.01), role overload (β = .201; p <0.05), role ambiguity (β = .297; p <0.05), nurse growth need (β = .151; p <0.05) and education level (β = .128; p <0.05). They also showed that actual scope of nursing practice exerts a positive influence on professional satisfaction (β = .118; p <0.01). A more detailed examination of nurses’ actual scope of practice in relation to education level and position occupied showed the scope of practice for baccalaureate-educated nurses to be significantly higher than that of nurses with college diplomas, with scores of 3.35 (SD = .746) and 3.12 (SD = .669) respectively. Occupying a nurse clinician position also had a positive influence on actual scope of nursing practice. Specifically, the mean score for staff nurses was 3.13/6 (SD = .664), while that for nurse clinicians was higher, at 3.48/6 (SD = .798). The results of this study break new ground by presenting a model with the potential to generate important knowledge in nursing related to the optimal deployment of nurses’ scope of practice. Based on this innovative model, the results highlight job characteristics that require urgent action in order to broaden the deployment of nurses’ scope of practice and thereby to increase professional satisfaction.

No description available.

A proporção de mulheres encarceradas está crescendo em ritmo mais acelerado que o dos homens. As razões para este aumento importante têm sido atribuídas principalmente ao estilo de vida relacionado ao consumo de substâncias psicoativas e delitos associados ao uso de drogas. De fato, cerca de metade das mulheres presas tem histórico de abuso de substâncias, e um terço demonstra níveis elevados de impulsividade. Os objetivos do estudo, geral e especifico, foram avaliar entre mulheres condenadas por crime de homicídio, o consumo de álcool e outras drogas ilícitas, os sintomas depressivos e os aspectos da sexualidade (orientação sexual, práticas sexuais atuais e pretéritas, história de abuso sexual e impulsividade sexual). Outrossim, desenvolver uma proposta de elaboração de cluster para a população investigada, aventando possibilidade de avaliação e manejo específico para cada grupo encontrado, partindo da identificação de subtipos de mulheres condenadas por homicídio, foi desenvolvida. Os dados analisados foram provenientes de 158 pessoas presas do sexo feminino, cumprindo pena por homicídio na Penitenciária Feminina Sant\'Ana, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A análise de classes latentes foi usada para agrupar as participantes em grupos, a partir de variáveis associadas ao uso indevido de substâncias e impulsividade. Duas classes foram identificadas: Grupo 1 - Sem problemas (no problematic) (cluster 1: 54,53%; n=86); Grupo 2 - Com problemas (problematics) (cluster 2: 45,57%; n =72). Após controlar diversas variáveis psicossociais e criminológicas, no Grupo 02 (cluster two), as presas mostraram ter iniciado mais cedo as práticas criminosas, além de apresentarem um nível de escolaridade mais baixo do que as presas do Grupo 01 (cluster one). Reconhecer as necessidades de grupos específicos de infratoras femininas é crucial para desenvolvimento de um sistema adequado de política de saúde e para a diminuição da reincidência criminal entre as delinquentes que demonstraram maior risco / The proportion of incarcerated women is growing faster than the rate of men. The reasons for this significant increase were mainly attributed to drug use lifestyle and offenses related to drug use. About half of the women prisoners, has a history of substance abuse and a third shows high levels of impulsivity. The objectives of the study, general and specific, were: GENERAL: Evaluate, among women convicted of homicide crime, alcohol and other illicit drugs (use, abuse and dependence meters); depressive symptoms and aspects of sexuality (sexual orientation, current and previous sexual practices, history of sexual abuse and sexual impulsivity). ESPECIFIC: Propose development cluster for the study population, considering their heterogeneity. (Note: The cluster analysis will be based on categorical and continuous variables obtained in this study.); propose evaluation and management for each type based on identifying subtypes of women convicted of homicide. Data were from 158 people trapped females, serving a sentence for murder in the Women\'s Penitentiary Sant\'Anne, in São Paulo, Brazil. Latent class analysis was used to group the participants into misuse of substance classes and impulsivity. Two classes have been identified: Group 1 - No problem (the problematic) (cluster 1: 54.53%; n = 86). Group 2 - With problems (problematics) (cluster 2: 45.57%; n = 72). After controlling for various psychosocial and criminological variables in Group 02 (cluster two), the tusks shown to have earlier started criminal practices, in addition to having a lower educational level than the fangs of Group 01 (one cluster). Recognizing the needs of specific groups of female offenders, it is crucial to developing an appropriate health policy system and to reduce the recidivism among offenders who demonstrated greater risk

Development of the economic situation in recent years raises number of issues, including defining what are the factors of this development and whether it is possible to affect them. This thesis deals with the demographic factors of economic growth; those are factors associated with general population and factors which may have an impact on the country's economy. The main aim of this work is to precisely identify the demographic factor and analyze their development in the Czech Republic since the early 1990s to the present days. Furthermore, the economic development is analyzed along with the indicators of economic activity in sorting by various demographic factors. Special attention is given to the status of working foreigners within the labor market. To emphasize the specifics of the development of the various sectors of national economy the construction industry was selected as a case example. The analysis of the employment in the construction industry was conducted in regard to demographic and economic indicators. To illustrate the results of the analysis column, line and pie charts were used in addition to the figures in the tables.

Bakgrund Ett ökat engagemang har under de senaste åren noterats på den svenska börsen och intresset för aktier är det starkaste sedan år 2004. Forskning har tidigare studerat engagemanget på börsen utifrån demografiska faktorer, däremot identifieras en kunskapslucka som medföljt med det ökade engagemanget där en ny och utvecklad empirisk grupp noterats. Syfte För att bidra till en förståelse om engagemanget på den svenska börsen syftar denna studie till, med hjälp av en kvantitativ metod, att kartlägga engagemanget på den svenska börsen utifrån de demografiska faktorerna kön, ålder och utbildningsnivå. Metod Denna studie har tillämpat en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats och en tvärsnittsdesign. Det empiriska underlaget har samlats in med hjälp av en digital enkätundersökning där ett sannolikhetsurval applicerats. Materialet bestod av användbara svar från 116 respondenter som vidare har analyserats med hjälp av korrelationsmatriser, bi- och multivariata regressionsanalyser. Resultat Analysen som genomförts påvisade att kön har ett negativt signifikant samband med engagemang på den svenska börsen, medan ålder och utbildningsnivå inte har visat på ett signifikant samband till variabeln. Slutsats Ett negativ signifikant samband har identifierats där män konstateras ha ett högre engagemang på den svenska börsen än kvinnor. Därutöver har inget ytterligare samband fastställts, ålder och utbildningsnivå kan alltså inte användas vid kartläggning av engagemang på den svenska börsen. / Background In recent years, an increased level of enthusiasm on the Swedish stock market has been recognized, which has not been noted since 2004. While prior research has explored the engagement of individuals on the stock market based on demographic factors, a knowledge gap has been identified with regards to this increased engagement. Specifically, a new and evolved empirical group has been noticed, which warrants further exploration. Purpose In order to contribute to an analysis of the engagement on the Swedish stock market, this study aims to, with the use of a quantitative method, map the engagement on the Swedish stock market through the demographic factors gender, age and education level. Methodology This study utilizes a quantitative method with a deductive approach and a cross-sectional design. The empirical data has been collected through a digital survey where a probability sample was used. The material consisted of 116 appropriate answers, which were further analyzed with the assistance of correlation matrices, bi- and multivariate regression analyses. Results The analysis conducted demonstrated a negative significance between gender and engagement on the Swedish stock market, while no significance could be observed between the variable studied and, age and education level. Conclusion The negative significance that has been identified indicates that men have a higher engagement rate on the Swedish stock market compared to women. No further relation has been established, resulting in that age and level of education cannot be used to map the engagement on the Swedish stock market.

Bakgrund: Hållbarhet har blivit alltmer central i dagens samhälle och investeringar i hållbara alternativ har ökat. Diskussionen kring målen för dessa investeringar inkluderar bland annat etiska aspekter, där investerare strävar efter att påverka företag att agera mer hållbart. Den pågående omställningen påverkar inte bara investerare utan skapar även en ny efterfrågan företagen måste anpassa sig till. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka och analysera Generation X och Generation Z hållbara investeringsbeslut på den svenska fond- och aktiemarknaden samt undersöka vilka motiv och egenskaper som grundar hållbara investeringar. Metod: Studien har använt sig av en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom en digital enkätundersökning, vilket resulterade i 168 svar som utgjorde grunden för den fortsatta analysen genom regressionsanalyser. Resultat: Studiens resultat visade att det inte fanns ett signifikant samband mellan hållbart investerande och generationer. De variabler som visade på ett signifikant samband var i stället Personliga värderingar, Risk &amp; Avkastning, Omgivning samt Kunskap. Slutsats: Ambitionen med studien var att öka förståelsen för hur generationstillhörighet kan påverka hållbart investerande. Således har studien bidragit till en förståelse för vem den hållbara generationen är samt vilka motiv och faktorer som kan påverka hållbart investerande. / Background: Sustainability plays a central role in today’s society, with increased investments in sustainable alternatives. The discussion around the goals of these investments includes both ethical and change-related aspects, where investors strive to influence companies to act more sustainably. The ongoing transition not only affects investors but also creates a new demand that companies must adapt to. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze Generation X and Generation Z's sustainable investment decisions on the Swedish fund and stock market, as well as to examine the motives and characteristics underlying sustainable investments. Methodology: The study has used a quantitative method with a deductive approach. The empirical data was collected through a digital survey, resulting in 168 responses that formed the basis for further analysis through regression analyses. Results: The study's findings revealed that there was no significant relationship between sustainable investing and generations. Instead, the variables that showed a significant relationship were Personal values, Risk &amp; Return, Environment, and Knowledge. Conclusion: The aim of the study was to enhance understanding of how generational belonging can influence sustainable investing. Thus, the study has contributed to an understanding of who the sustainable generation is, as well as the motives and factors that can affect sustainable investing.

A literature and an empirical study were undertaken to investigate home factors affecting the academic performance of a group of learners in three primary schools in the Brits district. From the literature it became evident that the early years of an individual's life are critical for development, especially cognitive development. Parents, as a child's primary educators have an important role to play in their child's cognitive development. By establishing a challenging and stimulating environment in which the child is exposed to a variety of experiences, the parents can enhance their child's cognitive development and by implication his/her later academic performance. Various other factors such as parental involvement, expectations, parenting style and home background were found to affect a child's academic performance. In the empirical study a group of academic achievers and underachievers were compared with regards to early cognitive stimulation received, degree of parental involvement and the quality of their homes. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

Aquesta tesi se situa en una perspectiva de l'Educació Ambiental adreçada a la Sostenibilitat i com a nucli catalitzador d'una Educació per al Canvi.Amb la investigació que es presenta es pretén, a més, contribuir a reduir el buit existent entre el marc teòric de l'Educació Ambiental i la seva transposició didàctica en la formació inicial del professorat, i al mateix temps poder fer aportacions significatives en el camp dels enfocaments pedagògics i estratègies metodològiques d'aquest àmbit de l'educació.En primer lloc, es presenta una anàlisi del marc teòric que ha informat el desenvolupament de l'Educació Ambiental, la seva reorientació i reconceptualització en la dècada dels anys noranta, i s'exposen el debat i les tendències actuals. A continuació es presenta l'anàlisi del nivell d'incorporació de l'Educació Ambiental, així com dels factors que en limiten o dificulten una plena integració, tant a nivell de l'etapa d'educació primària, com en la formació inicial del professorat.Es porta també a terme una revisió i una anàlisi exhaustiva de l'estat actual de la investigació en Educació Ambiental, a nivell nacional i internacional, i a partir d'ella es revela el dèficit que existeix, particularment, en la investigació educativa en Educació Ambiental en la formació inicial del professorat, i sobretot en el camp dels enfocaments pedagògics i estratègies metodològiques.El propòsit concret de la investigació se centra en: (i) analitzar l'impacte d'un enfocament metodològic (metodologia triaxial) aplicat en un curs d'Educació Ambiental en formació inicial del professorat; (ii) explorar el procés de formació en Educació Ambiental des del propi pensament dels estudiants.Aquest propòsit general ha portat la definició dels objectius d'investigació següents: (a) dissenyar i aplicar un enfocament metodològic triaxial en la formació en Educació Ambiental del professorat; (b) dissenyar i aplicar els instruments que promouen el procés de reflexió, individual i col·lectiu, en els estudiants; (c) explorar el procés de formació en Educació Ambiental des del pensament dels estudiants i a través dels instruments utilitzats per a la reflexió; (d) valorar la metodologia triaxial en la formació en Educació Ambiental de futurs i futures mestres d'Educació Primària.Cal destacar que la metodologia triaxial elaborada i aplicada es basa en la integració de tres eixos processals: procés d'investigació, procés de reflexió i procés de treball cooperatiu, i és consistent amb el model teòric que s'exposa i es defensa en la investigació (el capítol 5 tracta, concretament, del disseny, estructuració i desenvolupament del curs fonamentat en aquesta metodologia)La investigació se situa en el paradigma interpretatiu d'investigació educativa i en una metodologia d'anàlisi qualitativa. La mostra l'ha constituïda un grup classe, 42 estudiants, del 3r curs dels estudis de Magisteri, curs 1998/99, de la Universitat de Girona. Els instruments d'anàlisi han estat els instruments de reflexió, individual i col·lectiva, utilitzats en el curs.Destaquem l'ús d'un diari de grup, especialment dissenyat i estructurat per a promoure la reflexió col·lectiva, com l'aportació més rellevant en relació als instruments per a la reflexió. El diari de grup ha estat l'instrument vertebrador de la metodologia d'anàlisi qualitativa, i, tal com s'ha aplicat en aquesta investigació, s'ha validat com a un instrument nuclear i eficaç per a la reflexió de grup, i per explorar i analitzar el procés de formació en Educació Ambiental i de la formació professional general del grup d'estudiants.La resta d'instruments han estat, bàsicament, qüestionaris individuals, en diferents moments del curs; els documents produïts pels estudiants (propostes didàctiques en Educació Ambiental) i la memòria de la investigadora. La triangulació s'ha realitzat a través de tots els instruments. En la investigació es presenta, de manera detallada, com s'ha dut a terme el procés d'anàlisi de cadascun dels instruments i els resultats extrets.L'anàlisi dels resultats ha permès dibuixar l'evolució del pensament dels estudiants al llarg del curs i realitzar una anàlisi holística i multidimensional del seu procés de formació en Educació Ambiental. S'ha produït un canvi substancial en relació a la comprensió i assumpció dels components de l'Educació Ambiental: rellevància, holisme, educació crítica, educació en valors, capacitat de responsabilitat, d'acció i d'atendre diferents punts de vista i perspectives. Al llarg del curs i del procés hi ha una clara potenciació de qualitats dinàmiques.Al mateix temps, l'anàlisi revela la interdependència real i efectiva dels tres processos que configuren la metodologia triaxial i la seva clara influència en la formació en Educació Ambiental del grup d'estudiants i en la construcció dels seus models didàctics.En la investigació es conclou, entre altres aspectes, que l'enfocament metodològic, basat en un procés triaxial, aplicat en la formació inicial del grup de futurs i futures mestres, ha resultat de gran eficàcia i rellevància en la seva formació en Educació Ambiental i, també, en la seva formació com a professionals investigadors, crítico- reflexius, amb capacitat d'innovació i amb un grau més alt d' "empowerment". Cal dir que la metodologia triaxial es revela amb altes possibilitats de transferència i adaptabilitat a altres estudis. La transferibilitat d'aquesta metodologia serà objecte de seguiment investigatiu amb el propòsit de trobar les orientacions pedagògiques més adequades a cada àmbit i situació, ja que pot oferir aportacions valuoses en el camp de l'Ambientalització Curricular dels estudis universitaris. / This thesis looks from the perspective of Environmental Education aimed at Sustainability and as a catalyst essence of Education for Change.It is also aimed, as a result of the research presented, at contributing to reducing the gap between the theoretical framework of Environmental Education and its didactic transposition to initial teacher training, as well as making significant contributions in the field of pedagogical approaches and methodological strategies in this field of education.Firstly, an analysis of the theoretical framework that has informed the development of Environmental Education is presented, as well as its reorientation and reconceptualisation during the 1990s, and current trends are debated.An analysis is then presented of the degree of incorporation of Environmental Education, as well as the factors that limit or make difficult its full integration, both at primary education level and in initial training of teachers.A revision and exhaustive analysis is also carried out of the current state of research into Environmental Education in Spain and internationally. Based on this, the deficit that exists particularly in the field of educational research in Environmental Education in initial teacher training is shown, especially in the field of pedagogical approaches and methodological strategies.The specific aim of the research is focused on (i) analysing the impact of a methodological focus (triaxial methodology) applied to an Environmental Education course in initial teacher training, and (ii) exploring the Environmental Education training process from the students' point of view.This general aim has led to the following research objectives being defined: (a) to design and apply a triaxial methodological focus in Environmental Education teacher training, (b) to design and apply the instruments that encourage the process of individual and collective reflection in students, (c) to explore the Environmental Education training process from the students' point of view and by means of the instruments used for reflection, and (d) to evaluate triaxial methodology in Environmental Education training for future Primary Education teachers.Interestingly, the triaxial methodology prepared and applied is based on the integration of three procedural axes - the research process, the reflection process and the co-operative work process - and is consistent with the theoretical model that is exposed and defended in the research (chapter 5 deals in particular with the design, structuring and development of the course based on this methodology).Research takes place within the interpretative paradigm of educational research and using a methodology of qualitative analysis. The sample consisted of a class group of 42 students in their third year of teacher training at the University of Girona. The analytical tools were the individual and collective reflection instruments used on the course.Worthy of special mention is the use of a group diary, especially designed and structured to encourage collective reflection as the most important contribution in terms of instruments for reflection. The group diary was the backbone instrument of the qualitative analysis methodology, and in the manner in which it was applied in this research, it has been shown to be valid as a nuclear and efficient instrument for group reflection, and for exploring and analysing the training process in Environmental Education and the general professional training of the group of students. The other instruments were basically individual questionnaires at different points on the course - the documents produced by the students (didactic proposals in Environmental Education) and the researcher's report. Triangulation took place using all the instruments. How the analysis process was carried out with each of the instruments and the results extracted are presented in detail in the research. Analysis of the results has enabled the evolution of the students' thought to be noted over the duration of the course and a holistic and multi-dimensional analysis to be made of their Environmental Education training process, i.e. its relevance, holism, critical education, education in values, capacity for responsibility, action and dealing with different points of view and perspectives. There is a clear empowering of dynamic qualities throughout the course. At the same time, the analysis shows the real and effective interdependence between the three processes comprising the triaxial methodology and the clear influence on Environmental Education training by the student group and on the construction of their didactic models. The research concludes, among other points, that the methodological focus, based on a triaxial process, applied to the initial training of a group of future teachers, has been highly efficient and important in their Environmental Education training and also in their training as critical/reflexive research professionals, with the ability to innovate and with a very high level of empowerment. It should be noted that triaxial methodology is shown with other opportunities for transfer and adaptability to other studies. The transferability of this methodology will be the objective of follow-up research with the aim of finding the pedagogical orientations that are most suitable to each field and situation, as it can make valuable contributions in the field of orienting university studies towards sustainability.