Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Swaziland changed its pedagogy from the teacher-centred O level to IGCSE which is learnercentred. In preparation for a pedagogical change, some logistics were put into place; amongst these, teacher development. Research points out that what the teacher does in class is significant and has a bearing in the learner’s outcomes, therefore appropriate and adequate teacher training should be afforded to the implementers of a new pedagogy. This study seeks to find out how Swazi teachers were trained in preparation for the pedagogical change. The study was done in a qualitative manner, whereby semi-structured interviews were used as a method of collecting data. The study revealed that even though teachers were trained for the implementation of the new pedagogy, the training was not effective because it was for a few days, no effective follow up was made and it also did not take into consideration the teachers’ pedagogical needs, it assumed a one-size-fit all approach.

This study analyses, interprets and describes the dynamics of the change process occurring as members of three secondary school communities attempted to implement a Ministry of Education initiative involving the establishment of a school-based decision-making group.A review of literature on innovation and change, organization theory and school improvement is presented as a basis for the establishment of a conceptual framework for the study. Within this framework, implementation is viewed as the interaction of the innovation with the characteristics of each adopting school. These interactions are viewed as occurring within two change environments. The first, the general change environment, is shared by all schools under study. This environment reflects the broader economic, political and educational pressures prompting change. The second environment is specific to each school. It forms the immediate context within which the implementation process occurs. Before examining the specific nature of the implementation process within each school site, attention is given to the general change environment from which the innovation emerged. This is accompanied by an analysis of the evolutionary nature of the innovation itself as it underwent progressive clarification at Ministry of Education level.To assess the influence that specific environmental characteristics have on the implementation process, schools with markedly differing setting characteristics were selected for study. An instrument to assess school organizational climate was developed, (SOCQ) and then administered to twenty three secondary schools in the Perth metropolitan area. The resulting data were analysed and used to select three schools with distinctly different organizational climate characteristics for closer study of the implementation process.For each school, detailed portrayals of the implementation ++ / events were distilled in order to capture the complexities of the change. Cross-case analysis of the casestudy data was then undertaken to draw out particular issues, events and interactions that appeared to be of importance in directing the implementation process within individual schools and across all three sites.The final chapter addresses the initial set of research questions and presents a series of findings and associated recommendations stemming from this study. Of the range of findings to emerge from the study three appear to be of critical importance for our understanding of the organizational change process. The first finding is that the implementation of a policy innovation is best viewed as a process of "interactive modification" That is, a process whereby the innovation prompts modifications to be made to the adopting system and where the adopting system prompts modifications to be made to the innovation in a complex and dynamic manner. This finding goes beyond the notion of of change as "adaptation" or "evolution" to suggest more dynamic and interrelated process of change occurring to both the innovation and the adopting system. The second finding is that adopting system, the school, is best viewed as an open social system influenced by and yet exerting an influence upon the broader change environment in which it exists. Consequently the implementation of change is subject to influence by infomation, issues, events and interventions stemming from internal and external sources. The reality of the organizational change process is therefore far more complex and dynamic than previous theories and models of change suggest. A third and related finding is that secondary schools appear to be comprised of a number of sub-systems. The extent to which these sub-systems are interdependent or linked appears to influence not only the school's initial response to ++ / change but also the schools capacity to undertake meaningful and significant implementation of an innovation. This finding has implications for the design of specific change strategies that focus on improving the degree of sub-system linkage within a school. Such change strategies might occur prior to or run concurrently with other strategies concerned with the implementation of specific organizational changes.It is hoped that these findings have value for several audiences. First, they should be of particular importance to Ministry and school personnel presently confronted by organizational change. Second, the findings should not only serve to inform those building change theory, but also those educators who might hold responsibility for the implementation of similar policy innovations.

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in accounting instruction recommended by the Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC) at 11 grant recipient schools and 11 similar non-grant recipient schools randomly selected. The AECC suggested that accounting education should include more communication skills, interpersonal skills, and critical- thinking and problem-solving skills. The AECC also recommended that more emphasis be placed on teaching rather than research. To measure implementation of the recommended changes, a four part Accounting Instruction Change Scale was developed. The pilot study, (n=34) revealed that the AICS did not distinguish among the four factors considered. This finding was confirmed in the actual study. Surveys were mailed to 438 subjects, 249 to grant school and 189 to non-grant school accounting faculty, of which 163 surveys were returned, 146 were usable. Using Cronbach's alpha, the reliability of the overall Accounting Instruction Change Scale, as determined by the pilot study, was .92. Reliability, using the Cronbach's alpha, for the final study data was .91. Significant differences were found between respondents and non-respondents for both grant and non-grant schools. Differences in work experience, instruction in educational psychology, and instructional methodology were found to be significant. There were also significant differences between the early respondents and the late respondents in instruction in educational psychology and instructional methodology. Significant differences between the early non-grant school respondents and the late non-grant school respondents were also found in the length of time teaching accounting, length of time at the current institution, and age. These significant differences indicate the sample respondents are a unique group, and any inferences made from this sample to the general population should be made with caution. For the correlations of all variables, Predisposition to Change, Adoption-Proneness, refereed publicaitons, non-refereed publications, work experience, educational psychology, instructional methodology, membership in professional organizations, gender, and age, the the correlations ranged from a high of .497 between the Adoption-Proneness Scale and the Accounting Instruction Change Scale to a low of .001 between age and instruction in educational psychology. In the full Regression Model, the variables included accounted for 40.8% of the variance in the AICS. The regression analysis shows the Predisposition to Change Scale scores and Adoption Proneness Scale scores to be significant expanatory variables concerning predicting the score of the Accounting Instruction Change Scale score. No other significant variables surfaced in the regression analysis indicating institutional membership did not predict AICS score. / Ph. D.

Darbe atlikta teorinė bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų veikla pokyčių sąlygomis analizė. Supažindinama su pokyčių realizavimo kliūtimis ir kaip mažinamas pasipriešinimas pokyčiams. Iškelta hipotezė : Tikėtina, jog mažinant atsparumą pokyčiams bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose lemia mokytojų asmeninės savybės bei vadovų vadybiniai gebėjimai valdant pokyčius. Pedagogu konservatyvumas, novacijų prasmės nesuvokimas, informacijos stoka, stabdo novacijų atėjima i ugdymo įstaigas. Todėl yra labai svarbu pedagogų švietimas šiuo klausimu. Taip pat yra reikalinga vadovų ir pedagogų kolegialumo principu paremtas bendravimas, problemų susijusiu su naujovių atėjimu sprendimas, norint išvengti bet kokio pasipriešinimo diegiant novacijas. Tyrime dalyvavo 150 vadovų iš įvairių Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų (darželiai, pradinės mokyklos, vidurinės mokyklos ir gimnazijos). Tyrimas vyko 2009 – 2010 metais. Svarbiausios tyrimo išvados : 1. Mokytojai edukaciniams pokyčiams šiandieninėje mokykloje dažniausiai priešinasi dėl pačių mokytojų asmeninių savybių. Vadovai įvardija mokytojų neapibrėžtumo grėsmę, baimę rizikuoti, per siaurą požiūrį į problemą, negebėjimą identifikuoti problemos, nepasirengimą numatomiems pokyčiams, jų kompetencijos trūkumą, mokytojų konservatyvumą. Tačiau didžiausią problemą vadovai įžvelgia pedagogų nesidomėjimą novacijomis ir informacijos stoką. 2. Vadovų pastangos įtraukti darbuotojus į pokyčių planavimą ir diegimą gerinant ir tobulinant pedagogų žinias ir kompetenciją... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The theoretical analysis of the activity of basic education schools acting under the conditions of reforms has been carried out in this research. The obstacles of the realization of reforms and the decrease of the resistance for changes have been presented. The following hypothesis: It seems likely that individual features of teachers and managerial abilities of leaders while controlling alterations determine reducing the resistance for alterations at comprehensive schools. Conservatism of pedagogues, incomprehension of novation meaning and lack of information stops the coming of novations to comprehensive schools. That is why the education of pedagogues is so important aspect. Also the interaction based on leaders and pedagogues principle of collegiality, solutions of problems concerned with coming innovation on purpose avoiding any resistance while implanting novations is really required. 150 directors from various basic education schools in Lithuania had participated in this research (kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and gymnasiums). The research was performed in 2009-2010. The most important findings of this research: 1. Mostly teachers resist for educational alterations at modern-day schools regarding their own individual features. Leaders mark the threat of teachers’ indetermination, fear to risk, too narrow view to problem, incompetence to identify problem, no forwardness to predictable alterations, lack of teachers competences, conservatism of... [to full text]

Darbe atlikta teorinė bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų veikla pokyčių sąlygomis analizė. Supažindinama su pokyčių realizavimo kliūtimis ir kaip mažinamas pasipriešinimas pokyčiams. Iškelta hipotezė : tikėtina, jog vadovų pastangas mažinti pasipriešinimą bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose lemia mokytojų asmeninės savybės, pasitvirtino. Norimi pokyčiai mokykloje bus intensyviai diegiami, sėkmingai valdomi ir duos rezultatą, jei patys jų veikėjai – mokytojai norės keistis ir pritars kaitos kryptims. Jei daugelis mokytojų sutiktų su būtinybe keistis ir manytų, kad vykdomi pokyčiai yra reikšmingi, tada vadovai sulauktų mažesnio pasipriešinimo vykdydami pokyčius mokykloje ir jų rezultatas būtų artimas laukiamam. Tyrime dalyvavo 100 vadovų iš įvairių Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų (darželiai, pradinės mokyklos, vidurinės mokyklos ir gimnazijos). Tyrimas vyko 2008 – 2009 metais. Svarbiausios tyrimo išvados : 1. Mokytojai edukaciniams pokyčiams šiandieninėje mokykloje dažniausiai priešinasi dėl pačių mokytojų asmeninių savybių. Vadovai įvardija mokytojų neapibrėžtumo grėsmę, baimę rizikuoti, per siaurą požiūrį į problemą, negebėjimą identifikuoti problemos, nepasirengimą numatomiems pokyčiams, jų kompetencijos trūkumą, mokytojų konservatyvumą. 2. Vadovai supranta, kad sėkmingas pokyčių vadovas taip pat turi teikti kuo daugiau informacijos apie galimus rezultatus. Taip pat sėkmingas pokyčių vadovas, jų nuomone, yra tas, kuris jau sėkmingai įgyvendinęs ne vieną reformą. 3. Vertinant geras... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary The theoretical analysis of the activity of basic education schools acting under the conditions of reforms has been carried out in this research. The obstacles of the realization of reforms and the decrease of the resistance for changes have been presented. The following hypothesis: it is expected that the struggle of the directors in decreasing resistance for changes in basic education schools are resulted by the personal features of teachers has been approved. The desirable changes in schools will be intensively established, successively managed and will give results if their agents – teachers wish to change and accept the directions of changes. If most of teachers would agree with the necessity for changes and think that reforms are meaningful, the directors then would attain less resistance in implementing changes at schools, and the results would be approximate for those expected. 100 directors from various basic education schools in Lithuania had participated in this research (kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools and gymnasiums). The research was performed in 2008-2009. The most important findings of this research: 1. Teachers at present usually resist reforms in schools because of their personal features. Among those features of teacher directors name the threat of uncertainty, fear of risk, narrow approach toward the problem, failure to identify problems, failure to get ready for future changes, the lack of competences and the sense of... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tarciso Joaquim de Oliveira.pdf: 1547351 bytes, checksum: 22159da80b63e9a6c656f223b6361aee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / This study aims to analyses the social representations of pedagogy students about the social actions of the teachers, taking as reference Paulo Freire s theory that in his vast work always sought to reveal the social significance of the teaching action. This way, this work seeks to analyse, based on the writings of the author, how the students have comprehended the actions described by him and the extent of which they indentified the transformative characteristic of the teaching practice. One way to detect whether such understanding is being appropriated by the students is the use of the theory of social representations, developed by Serge Moscovici, used by the social psychology and fairly applied in education. In the words of Moscovici (2009: P.95), as alleged by the author common sense is continuously being created and recreated in our societies, especially where the scientific and technologic knowledge is popularised and the diffusion of scientific theories are incorporated to the common sense. They construct meanings and senses not always coherent with the original concepts. They are appropriated according to other reference values and seek to meet the needs of the construction of reality for individuals in certain groups. Likewise, the dissemination of Paulo Freire ideas has also led to the use of concepts about his critical theory that often are distant of what was proposed by the author. The research counted on the participation of students enrolled in the 4th and 5th semesters of a degree in Education. A total of 30 assertive questions were presented to the students who indicated agreement or disagreement, partial or total related to the theme, with appropriate justifications. The results analysis was done with the use of the ALCESTE software which supported the analysis made in the dissertation / O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar as representações sociais dos alunos de pedagogia sobre as ações sociais do professor, tendo como referência a teoria de Paulo Freire que, em sua vasta obra, procurou revelar sempre o significado social da ação docente. Neste sentido, esse trabalho pretende analisar, com base nos escritos do autor, como os alunos vêm compreendendo as ações descritas por ele e até que ponto eles identificam a característica transformadora da atuação docente. Uma forma de detectar se tal compreensão está sendo apropriada pelos alunos é pela utilização da teoria das representações sociais, desenvolvida por Serge Moscovici, utilizada pela psicologia social e bastante aplicada em educação. No dizer de Moscovici (2009: P.95), como afirma o autor, o senso comum está continuamente sendo criado e recriado em nossas sociedades, especialmente onde o conhecimento científico e tecnológico está popularizado e a divulgação de teorias científicas são incorporadas ao senso comum. Constroem significações e sentidos nem sempre coerentes com os conceitos originais. São apropriadas segundo outros valores de referência e procuram atender às necessidades de construção da realidade dos sujeitos em determinados grupos. Da mesma forma, a divulgação do pensamento de Paulo Freire tem levado também a utilização de conceitos sobre sua teoria crítica que muitas vezes estão afastadas do que foi proposto pelo autor. A pesquisa contou com a participação de alunos matriculados nos 4ºs e 5ºs semestres de um curso de licenciatura em Pedagogia. Um total de 30 questões assertivas foi apresentada aos alunos, que indicaram concordância ou discordância parcial ou total em relação ao tema questionado com as devidas justificativas. A análise dos resultados foi feita com a utilização do software ALCESTE que favoreceu as análises realizadas na dissertação

Magistro darbo tikslas – įvertinti dabartinę Lietuvos švietimo reformos būklę bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose ir apžvelgti pagrindines tobulinimo perspektyvas. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad dauguma apklaustųjų Vilniaus r. Buivydiškių pagrindinės mokyklos, Vilniaus Žemynos gimnazijos ir Vilniaus S. Kovalevskajos vidurinės mokyklos mokytojų, švietimo reformą, vykstančią jau 18 metų, vertina neigiamai. Išsiskyrė tik Trakų r. Onuškio vidurinės mokyklos mokytojų nuomonė, nes jie švietimo reformą vertina teigiamai. Bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų mokytojai nurodė pagrindines švietimo reformos kliūtis - neaiškūs švietimo reformos tikslai; reforma vykdoma neturint moksliškai pagrįstos švietimo strategijos; reforma vyksta neaprūpinant reikiamais finansiniais ištekliais; didelės visuomenės dalies nusivylimas reformomis. Respondentai išskyrė tris svarbiausias problemas šiandieninėje mokykloje - per mažas mokytojų atlyginimas; sunkiai įsisavinančių mokymą vaikų daugėjimas; bendras kultūros stygius visuomenėje, gyvenamojoje aplinkoje. Mokytojai išskyrė šias svarbiausias problemas vaikams šiandieninėje Lietuvoje - jie nėra apsaugoti nuo skurdo; per daug mato smurto, sekso scenų per televiziją, internetą; taip pat neapsaugoti nuo narkomanijos pavojaus. Rekomenduojama dažniau atlikti sociologinius tyrimus, gerinant švietimo reformos būklę Lietuvos bendrojo lavinimo mokyklose; daugiau dėmesio skirti švietimo strategijai, konkretizuojant kai kuriuos švietimo vystymo aspektus. / The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate the present situation of Lithuanian education reform in comprehensive schools and overview the perspectives of its development. The results of the analysis show that most teachers-respondents from Vilnius region Buivydiskes Basic School, Vilnius Zemyna Gymnasium and Vilnius S. Kovalevskaja Secondary School express their negative opinion about the education reform taking place already eighteen years. Only teachers from Trakai region Onuskis Secondary School had positive opinion about the education reform. Comprehensive school teachers indicated the main disadvantages of the education reform, which are indefinite purposes of the education reform; the reform is implemented without scientifically proven education strategy and the necessary financial resources; the large majority of the society is disappointed with reforms. The respondents distinguished three main problems in a school today – salaries that are too low; the increasing number of students that have learning difficulties; the general lack of culture in the society and living environment. Teachers indicated such main problems for children in Lithuania – they are not protected from poverty; they watch too much violence, sexual scenes on TV and on the Internet; they are not protected from the danger of the drug abuse. In order to make the reform more effective in Lithuanian comprehensive schools it is recommended to carry out sociological researches more often, to pay more... [to full text]

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No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Obirajara.pdf: 981087 bytes, checksum: 33950bb941008b07b0cfe9bd6609c963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Esta tese emerge de pesquisa no campo da educação médica, tendo como objeto de estudo o modelo pedagógico utilizado na Disciplina de Patologia do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. O desenho metodológico proposto pela disciplina, busca otimizar o ensino de patologia para que este possa ser efetivo na formação do estudante de medicina, de acordo com os pressupostos das Competências e Habilidades das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN). Entretanto, a implementação de um modelo pedagógico requer avaliações, reflexões e a flexibilidade de reorientação do projeto. Adotando essa percepção, a tese apresentada como objetivo central, além de reflexões e inquietações quanto ao compromisso com a formação médica, avaliar a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem proposta na Disciplina de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG na formação médica, sob a ótica das DCN. A coleta de dados ocorreu via questionário estruturado, respondido por 165 estudantes, que cursaram a disciplina nos anos de 2007 a 2009, após a implementação das mudanças na disciplina. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados softwares específicos para construção do banco de dados e análise estatística. A análise foi realizada a partir de parâmetros da estatística descritiva, adotando-se medidas usuais de tendência central e de dispersão, e cálculos de frequência simples e relativos. Também se realizou a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), técnica multivariada que permite resumir em um conjunto menor de fatores ou componentes, as questões respondidas pelos estudantes a respeito da avaliação da Disciplina de Patologia. A tese é constituída por três artigos científicos que abordam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem na educação médica, a partir da perspectiva de mudança de paradigma no modelo de ensino-aprendizagem na Disciplina de Patologia, do Curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG. Para tal, é desenvolvido um percurso teórico que se inicia com o primeiro artigo, que tem como objetivo promover uma reflexão sobre as mudanças no currículo médico a partir da aprovação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em 2001. O segundo artigo, envolve uma interlocução acerca da relevância do modelo pedagógico desenvolvido na referida disciplina e os pressupostos do processo de aprendizagem revelados pela neurociência. O terceiro artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem proposta na Disciplina de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, e sua contribuição no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, a partir da percepção dos estudantes, sob a ótica das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Medicina. Subsequentemente, considerando a interlocução do referencial teórico e dos resultados obtidos junto aos acadêmicos, retomando o objetivo principal, é possível preconizar que a mesma, embasada no entendimento do organismo como sistema complexo, numa perspectiva de saúde integral, atendendo aos pressupostos das DCN, contribui para o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades essenciais para a formação médica. / This thesis is result of a medical education research being the object of study the pedagogical model used in the discipline of pathology of the medical course at the Federal University of Rio Grande - RS. The methodology pattern proposed by the mentioned discipline aims to optimize the teaching of pathology in order to be effective on medical students training, according to the assumptions of the National Curriculum Guidelines (NCG) Skills and Abilities. However, the implementation of a pedagogical model requires evaluations, reflections and a flexibility to review the proposed project. Adopting this perception, the thesis presented has as main objective not only reflections and concerns about the commitment to medical education but the evaluation of the teaching-learning methodology proposed in the Department of Pathology, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande regarding the medical training and considering the NCG. Using a structured questionnaire was collected the useful data. This set of questions was answered by 165 students taking this discipline during 2007-2009, after the implementation of changes in referred discipline. For the data analysis specific to construction of the database and statistical analysis software were used. The analysis was performed from the descriptive statistical parameters, adopting the usual measures of central tendency and dispersion calculations of simple and relative frequency. Moreover the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, a multivariate technique that allows summarized in a smaller set of factors or components the questions answered by the students regarding the evaluation of the discipline of pathology. The thesis consists of three scientific papers that discuss the process of teaching-learning in medical education regarding a paradigm change in the teaching and learning model in the Department of Pathology, Medical School of the Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG. A theoretical path is developed beginning with the first article, which aims to promote reflection on the changes in the medical curriculum following the approval of the National Curriculum Guidelines in 2001. The second article involves a dialogue about the relevance of the pedagogical model developed in this discipline and assumptions of the learning process revealed by neuroscience. The third article aims to evaluate the teaching-learning methodology proposed in the Department of Pathology, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, and a contribution to the teaching-learning process, considering the perception of the medical students, and taking into account the National Curriculum Guidelines for Medical School. Later, considering the dialogue of the theoretical framework and the results obtained from the students and resuming the main objective, it is possible to advocate that the dialogue based on the understanding of the body as a complex system focusing a complete health and following the assumptions of Curriculum Guidelines, contributes to develop essential competencies and skills for medical education.

This study investigated how education policy influences student success, and if there are linkages between K-12 education policy and higher education. Historically, education has primarily been a function of state and local governments. The role of the federal government drastically changed with the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. This thesis focused on the influence of No Child Behind on several indicators of student success in K-12 and postsecondary education. All fifty states were examined in this study. This approach is rather unusual since it is typical to focus on one state or a small group of states. In addition to the state level analyses, macro analyses were also conducted to generate sounder policy prescriptions. This study tested three primary research questions. The first research question tested possible changes in several measures of student success since the implementation of No Child Left Behind. The second research question analyzed the relationship between K-12 education policy and higher education. The third research question addressed the possibility that state education reforms have had an impact on test scores, graduation rates, and college enrollment. Findings showed that K-12 test scores have improved on the national level since the implementation of No Child Left Behind, but there are several states that have witnessed a decline in test scores since legislation was enacted. There was no relationship between the state reforms and the variables that measured student success. Based on the findings, policy prescriptions were generated for both leaders within education and policymakers.