Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:09:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ana_claudia_zuanela.pdf: 546525 bytes, checksum: e675a43a34c255dd5b473c22d0c98f1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-01 / This theoretical research came from the interest in studying love passion, mainly in its páthic sense. Starting with its etymology from Classic Greek s word páthos which means passivity and suffering and is also the root of pathology, we used Freudian metapsychology to study some of love passion destinies related to its pathologycal aspects, beginning with the idea that in it, the object in put on the subject´s ideal ego. This gives passion a particular psychic dynamic. We concluded that may there be three kind of love passion: one that gives place to love (endearment), one that finishes with no great damages by self-combustion (catchment) and pathological passion, which destiny is to be prisoner of fixation, excess, pain. We tarried on the third kind of love passion, researching some of its consequences: pathological narcissism, melancholy, lack of otherness, alienation, fetishism. / Esta pesquisa teórica surgiu do interesse em estudar a paixão, especialmente no seu sentido pático. Partimos da sua etimologia originada do termo páthos da Grécia Clássica que tem o sentido de passividade e sofrimento e é igualmente o radical de patologia. Utilizamos a metapsicologia freudiana para estudar alguns dos destinos marcados pelos aspectos patológicos da paixão, começando com a ideia de que no apaixonamento o objeto é colocado no lugar do ego ideal do sujeito, lhe caracterizando uma dinâmica psíquica particular. Concluímos que pode haver três tipos de paixão: aquela que dá lugar ao amor (enamoramento), aquela que termina sem maiores danos, por autocombustão (arrebatamento) e a paixão patológica, cujo destino é ficar aprisionado à fixidez, ao excesso, ao sofrimento. Nos detivemos nesse terceiro tipo de paixão, pesquisando alguns dos seus desdobramentos: o narcisismo patológico, a melancolia, a negação da alteridade, a alienação e o fetichismo.

Introduction: Excessive self-criticism constitute a huge suffering for the individual. Clinical experiences and research indicate that the phenomenon is difficult to treat and one of the strongest obstacles against a healing process. The aim of this study is to develop grounded hypothesis of what can be useful ways of relate to and/or intervene regarding excessive self-criticism. Starting point is the experience and knowledge of licenced psychodynamic psychotherapists.  Questions:What is the experience of working with patients who suffers from excessive self-criticism? In which ways and what is it that causes this condition difficult to treat?Which clinical strategies are perceived to work, respectively not work?  Method:Six semi-structured interviews with experienced psychotherapists which were coded with thematic inductive analysis.  Results: Six themes: 1) Observe reactions suggestive of self-criticism. 2) Separate the patient from self-criticism. 3) Analyse why. 4) Be a counterforce. 5) Synthonicity and mistrust. 6) Build a counterforce within the patient.  Discussion:Based on theory and research, the discussion leads to hypothesis of useful therapeutic approaches: 1) Long experience of the phenomenon. 2) Empathic, warm relational and active stand, a reinforcing counterforce. 3) Specific interventions with the aim to activate the patient’s own empathy, compassion and trust – and to others. / Inledning:Överdriven självkritik innebär ett stort lidande för individen. Kliniska erfarenheter och forskning tyder på att fenomenet är svårbearbetat och ett av de starkaste hindren i vägen för en läkningsprocess. Syftet med studien är att utveckla grundade hypoteser om vad som kan vara användbara sätt att förhålla sig och/eller intervenera vid överdriven självkritik. Studien har som utgångspunkt psykodynamiska legitimerade psykoterapeuters erfarenheter och kunskaper.  Frågeställningar:Vad är psykoterapeutens erfarenheter av att arbeta med patienter som lider av överdriven självkritik? På vilka sätt och vad är det som orsakar att tillståndet är svårbehandlat? Vilka kliniska strategier upplevs fungera respektive inte fungera i behandlingen?  Metod:Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer, genomförda med erfarna psykoterapeuter, vilka undersöktes med tematisk induktiv analys. Resultat:Sex teman: 1) Observera reaktioner som tyder på självkritik. 2) Skilja ut patienten från självkritiken. 3) Undersöka varför. 4) Vara en motkraft. 5) Syntonicitet och misstro. 6) Bygga upp en motkraft hos patienten. Diskussion:Utifrån teori och forskningsnivån lyfts resultatdiskussionen till grundade hypoteser om användbara förhållningssätt: 1) Lång erfarenhet av fenomenet. 2) Ett empatiskt, varmt relationellt och aktivt terapeutiskt förhållningssätt och att fungera som en förstärkande motkraft. 3) Specifika interventioner i syfte att aktivera patientens egna empati, medkänsla och tillit – och gentemot andra.

Ondřej Podavka Zdeněk Brtnický of Waldstein and his diary from the years 1597−1603 (Abstract) The subject of the doctoral thesis is an in many aspects noteworthy personality of Moravian aristocrat Zdeněk Brtnický of Waldstein, one of the 30 directors in the era of rebellion of the estates. The dissertation focuses chiefly on the period of his and pre-university and university studies, for which the largest amount of the sources has been preserved, primarily his voluminous personal diary. Zdeněk Brtnický of Waldstein was born on 12 May 1582. In his very childhood he became an orphan - his father Henry Brtnický of Waldstein and on Sádek died already in 1589, followed by his wife and Zdeněk's mother Susanne Helt of Kement three years later. First place where Waldstein is known to have studied, is Lutheran noblemen's school in Velké Meziříčí, which was founded by Waldstein's grandmother Alena Helt of Kement, born Meziříčská of Lomnice. From 1592 to 1594 he studied in Jihlava, then he studied in Brzeg in Silesia for other two years and in the summer 1596, equipped with good Latin education, he moved on to Strasbourg, where he stayed for three years and attended academy. In the years 1599 he set out on the grand tour through the western and southern Europe. Having first stayed for a few weeks in Paris, he...

Les travaux conduits dans le cadre de cette thèse ont pour but d’étendre le champ de validité des simulations de trafic en milieu urbain et péri-urbain, avec notamment une meilleure prise en compte du contexte de conduite, de l’hétérogénéité des véhicules (deux-roues motorisés, véhicule léger, poids lourd, etc.) et des comportements des conducteurs en termes d’occupation de l’espace au sol. Le but est de produire en simulation des comportements observés en situation réelle tels que les phénomènes de faufilement (deux-roues, véhicules d’urgence, cas des intersections). Nous abordons, la simulation du trafic routier en considérant une approche comportementale fondée sur les systèmes multi-agents. Des travaux précédents ont proposé des solutions non génériques, notamment pour le cas particulier des deux-roues motorisés. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle d’agent permettant de mieux prendre en compte le contexte de conduite et les comportements des conducteurs en termes d’occupation de l’espace. Nous dotons l’agent d’une représentation ego-centrée de l’environnement fondée sur le concept d’affordance. Nous utilisons ainsi les affordances pour identifier les actions possibles, en termes d’occupation de l’espace, offertes par l’environnement. Nous les utilisons en- suite pour construire une représentation ego-centrée de la situation. Le modèle d’agent proposé a été implémenté avec Archisim. Cette implémentation a permis de reproduire une situation de trafic réelle et de comparer les données simulées avec celles recueillies sur le terrain. Différentes expérimentations ont été menées afin d’évaluer la qualité de la solution proposée. / The work described in this thesis aims to improve the validity of traffic simulations in urban and suburban areas. We propose to consider the driving context, the heterogeneity of vehicles (motorized two-wheelers, vehicle, truck, etc.) and the driver behavior in terms of space occupation. The purpose is to produce in simulation the observed real world phenomena such as faufilement behavior (two-wheelers, emergency vehicles, cases of intersections). We address the traffic simulation byconsidering a behavioral approach based on multi-agent systems. Previous work have proposed non- generic solutions, for the particular case of motorized two-wheelers. We propose a new agent model to better take into account the context of driving and driver behavior in terms of space occupation. We endow agent driver with an ego-centered representation of the environment based on the concept of affordances. We use the affordances to identify the possible actions, in terms of space occupation, afforded by environment. The proposed agent model was implemented with ArchiSim. This implementation has allowed to reproduce a real traffic situation and to compare the results to real data. Different experiments were conducted to assess the quality of the proposed solution.

[pt] As substâncias psicodélicas clássicas são agonistas serotoninérgicos que atuam essencialmente no sistema de neurotransmissão 5HT2A. Essas substâncias podem promover estados alterados de consciência, bem como alterações visuais, afetivas, de humor e alterações cognitivas. Historicamente, eles têm sido usados para fins ritualísticos, recreativos e medicinais. Estudos indicam que essas substâncias apresentam baixa toxicidade, baixo risco de dependência e overdose. Existe um interesse científico atual no uso dessas substâncias como tratamento para uma variedade de condições e, embora muitos estudos busquem investigar objetivamente os resultados vinculados ao seu uso, os conteúdos subjetivos da experiência dos usuários ainda são pouco explorados. Considerando que a perspectiva de primeira pessoa é central para a experiência psicodélica, esta tese buscou investigar experiências subjetivas ligadas a psicodélicos por meio de uma variedade de abordagens. Primeiramente, buscou-se adaptar e validar o Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI), instrumento amplamente utilizado por pesquisadores para avaliar um fenômeno essencial da experiência psicodélica, para o contexto brasileiro (Artigo 1). Em seguida, buscou-se explorar relatos públicos negativos (Artigo 2) e positivos (Artigo 3) de usuários de psilocibina (princípio ativo dos cogumelos mágicos), por meio do método Reinert, que analisa quantitativamente as falas transcritas. Por fim, discutiu-se a possível influência dos estados alterados de consciência (ASC), incluindo aqueles relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas, na evolução humana (Artigo 4), sugerindo futuras pesquisas para explorar essa hipótese. / [en] Classical psychedelic substances are serotonergic agonists that act essentially on the 5HT2A neurotransmission system. These substances can promote altered states of consciousness, as well as visual, affective, mood, and cognitive changes. Historically, they have been used for ritualistic, recreational, and medicinal purposes. Studies indicate that these substances have low toxicity, low risk of dependence and overdose. There is current scientific interest in the use of these substances as a treatment for a variety of conditions, and while many studies seek to objectively investigate outcomes linked to their use, the subjective contents of the experience of users is seldom explored. Since a first-person perspective is central to the psychedelic experience, this thesis sought to investigate subjective experiences linked to psychedelics through a variety of approaches. First, we sought to adapt and validate the Ego Dissolution Inventory (EDI), an instrument widely used by researchers to assess a central feature of the psychedelic experience, to the Brazilian context (Article 1). Then, we sought to explore public negative (Article 2) and positive (Article 3) reports of psilocybin (the active principle of magic mushrooms) users, through the Reinert method, which quantitatively analyses transcribed speeches. Finally, the possible influence of altered states of consciousness (ASC), including those linked to use of psychoactive substances, in human evolution was discussed (Article 4), suggesting future research to explore this hypothesis.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem por objetivo investigar o lugar do analista na clínica com indivíduos que apresentam o risco de suicídio. Para isso, lançamos mão de uma revisão de literatura e também trazemos breves vinhetas clínicas ao longo do trabalho. Efetuamos um resgate histórico realizado por George Minois sobre a problemática do suicídio e como o tema foi abordado ao longo da história. Num segundo momento recorrermos as reflexões da psiquiatria sobre as psicopatologias, tão difundidas na atualidade e a forte associação da depressão ao risco de suicídio. Posteriormente, recorremos a psicanálise inaugurada por Sigmund Freud e sua contribuição para o tema. Além disso, colhemos as contribuições dos psicanalistas Sándor Ferenczi e Donald Winnicott sobre a importância do ambiente na constituição psíquica e falhas ambientais que ocorrem nesse processo. São autores que nos auxiliaram com o conceito de trauma, clivagem do ego e falhas ambientais precoces. Por fim, ainda ancorados nas contribuições para os casos difíceis de Ferenczi e Winnicott, refletimos sobre o lugar do analista e nos debruçamos sob os conceitos de tato do analista, elasticidade da técnica e da regressão à dependência no setting analítico, além de destacarmos a importância do holding na clínica com pacientes que apresentam o risco de suicídio. / [en] This dissertation aims to investigate the role of the analyst in the clinic with individuals who are at risk of suicide. For this, we make use of a literature review and also bring brief clinical vignettes throughout the work. We carried out a historical rescue carried out by George Minois on the problem of suicide and how the theme was approached throughout history. Secondly, we turn to psychiatry s reflections on psychopathologies, which are so widespread today, and the strong association between depression and the risk of suicide. Subsequently, we turn to psychoanalysis inaugurated by Sigmund Freud and his contribution to the theme. In addition, we collect the contributions of psychoanalysts Sándor Ferenczi and Donald Winnicott on the importance of the environment in the psychic constitution and environmental failures that occur in this process. They are authors who helped us with the concept of trauma, ego cleavage and early environmental failures. Finally, still anchored in the contributions to the difficult cases of Ferenczi and Winnicott, we about the place of the analyst and address the concepts of the analyst s tact, elasticity of the technique and regression to dependence in the analytical setting, in addition to highlighting the importance of holding in the clinic with patients who present the risk of suicide.

Thesis (MDram (Drama))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims to discuss the complementarity of Western performance training and the Toltec Teachings. It is motivated by a recognition that performers in training might often have to develop their own means to training „system‟ post-study, especially in environments where limited opportunities exist to share in group contexts, such as Jerzi Grotowski‟s Theatre Laboratory or Eugenio Barba‟s Odin Teatret. The solution of self-study (study of the self by the self) is explored in answer to this challenge. Owing to the fact that theatre commentators and practitioners often reference the need to look to alternative models or „forms of civilisation‟ for support and illumination, the potential of the Toltec Nimomashtic System - a self-motivated system for studying the self - is considered as a potential „other‟ in this regard. This study takes into account that complementarity implies both similarities and differences between the two paths in question, and considers how these might offer support to the challenge of self-study in particular, as well as the context of performance training more generally. Comparisons are made between Western performance training and the Toltec Teachings with reference to theory (ideology), aims and outcomes, and practice (methodology). Such comparative analysis reveals that sharing the characteristics of mystery, resistance and paradox enhances complementarity. This suggests that both the way of the performer and the Warriors Path are paths of exile and exclusion. They have in common a defiance of social convention and a bias toward the non-ordinary or extra daily. This is evidenced most specifically through the pursuit of presence as a state defined by absence. Perception, as a central determinant of presence, is positioned in relation to discoveries in modern physics and Barba‟s (in Christoffersen 1993: 159) synergistic „traveller of speed‟ concept, as a means to elucidation. Investigation of specific Toltec ideas and methods that offer perspectives on destructuring the ego and the worldview it sustains, are seen to support Grotowski‟s via negativa as a process of eliminating blockages that impede effective expression, as well as Barba‟s (Christoffersen 1992: 80) „refusal of culture‟ as a negation or deformation of daily behaviour. Compatible approaches to shifting perceptions of the self by the self, in order to achieve the shared outcome of presence, thus consolidate the overall complementarity of the two paths. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bespreek die komplimentêre aard van die Westerse performance opleidingsisteme en die Tolteekse leerstellinge. Dit word gemotiveer deur die besef dat performance-studente dikwels na afloop van hul formele studie hul eie opleidingsisteem moet ontwikkel. Dit word genoodsaak deurdat daar beperkte werksgeleenthede is vir studente binne „n konteks soos Jerzi Grotowski se Teater Laboratorium of Eugenio Barba se Odin Teatret om ervarings te deel. Teatermakers en kritici verwys dikwels na alternatiewe modelle of beskawings vir ondersteuning en die Tolteekse Ninomastiese sisteem (‟n selfmotiverende sisteem van selfstudie) word in hierdie studie as alternatiewe sisteem ondersoek. Die studie neem in ag dat die komplementêre aard tussen die westerse opleidingsisteme en die Tolteekse leerstellinge ooreenkomste en verskille impliseer wat selfstudie ondersteun binne die konteks van algemene performance opleiding. Westerse opleidingsmetodes en die Tolteekse leerstellinge word vergelyk ten opsigte van die teorie (ideologie), doelstellings en uitkomstes, sowel as praktyk (metodologie). Uit hierdie vergelyking tussen die twee sisteme blyk dit dat die ooreenkomste aspekte insluit soos misterie, weerstand en paradoks wat die komplementêre aard van die sisteme bevorder en suggereer dat beide die performer- en die Krygersweg roetes van bannelingskap en uitsluiting is. Verdere ooreenkomste sluit die verset teen sosiale konvensies en die keuse van‟n buitengewone lewe in soos gesien kan word in die strewe na teenwoordigheid as ‟n toestand wat deur afwesigheid gedefinieër word. As toeligting word waarneming as ‟n sentrale bepaler vir teenwoordigheid in verhouding met ontdekkings in moderne fisika en Barba se sinergistiese “reisiger van spoed”-konsep geplaas. Die ondersoek na spesifieke Tolteekse idees en metodes bied perspektiewe om die vernietiging van die ego en die wêreldvisie wat dit ondersteun, aan te dui en ondersteun Grotowski se via negativa as ‟n proses om blokkasies af te breek wat die effektiewe uitdrukking van die akteur ondermyn, sowel as Barba (Christoffersen 1992: 80) se “werwerping van kultuur” as ‟n negering of vervorming van daaglikse handeling. Die verenigbare benaderings tot die verskuiwing van die persepsie van die self deur die self om die gemene uitkomste van teenwoordigheid te bewerkstellig, konsolideer die oorhoofse komplimentêre aard van die twee weë.

Experimental studies on willpower confirm the Strength Model of Self-Control, which claims that willpower depends on limited physiological resources. Exercising willpower depletes these resources, which impairs further exercises of willpower. This phenomenon is called “ego-depletion.” As a result, depleting these resources impairs further exercises of executive control. My thesis argues that this phenomenon has two important philosophical consequences: First, ego-depletion provides evidence against the Humean approach to motivation, according to which people always act according to their strongest desires. Second, people suffering from ego-depletion are not fully responsible for failures of self-control.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effect of a prenatal hypnotherapeutic programme on the maintenance and promotion of postpartum psychological well-being of a group of first-time mother. Relevant literature on pregnancy, early motherhood and psychological well-being were explained in order to abstract important facets and perspectives to use as a background for the development and implementation of an intervention programme for the facilitation of psychological well-being of first-time mothers. Theoretical perspectives on, and practical applications of, clinical hypnosis were further analysed and used as foundation for the development of the hypnotherapeutic intervention. A hypnotherapeutic programme was developed, based on existing theoretical knowledge regarding pregnancy, childbirth and early motherhood, as well as clinical hypnosis, with specific emphasis on Ericksonian principles and ego state therapy techniques, enriched from the perspective of psychofortology. The empirical study consisted of a quantitative component and a qualitative component. In the quantitative component, a pretest-posttest-follow-up comparative design was implemented, with random assignment of participants to the experimental and control groups within the limits of practicalities. Both groups, each consisting of 23 women in their first pregnancy, completed the following questionnaires: (i) Perception of Labour and Delivery Scale (PLD), adapted from Padawer et al. (1988). Feelings about the baby and relationship with the baby (FRB), adapted from Wwllett and Parr (1997), Maternal Self- Confidence Scale (MSC), adapted from Ruble et al. (1990) and Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale (MSE) (Teti & Gelfand, 1991), to explore aspects of psychological well-being related to early motherhood; (ii) The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ofCox et al. (1987) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979), to investigate aspects of psychological well-being as evident by the absence of pathology; and (iii) the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) (Diener et al., 1985), the Affectometer 2 (AFM) (Kammann & Flett, 1983), the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC) of Antonovsky (1979) and the Generalised Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), developed by Schwarrer, (1993), to measure general psychological well-being. The Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale (SHCS) (Morgan & Hilgard, 1978) was used for the experimental group to assess hypnotisabili. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews and an analysis of written responses of mothers in the experimental group. They commented on their experience of the programme and its impact at two weeks and ten weeks postpartum. Results from the empirical study indicated that the experimental group showed significantly more symptoms of depression and symptomatology during the prenatal evaluation than the control group. Since the experimental group was possibly more vulnerable than the control group in a psychological sense, the effect of the intervention programme could not be deduced from a pure comparison of postnatal evaluation scores between the groups. Therefore, it was decided to explore the significance of differences within each of the experimental and control groups, as well as between the experimental and control group, using the mean difference scores between prenatal and postnatal evaluation on each variable. Results indicate that the hypnotherapeutic programme was effective in enhancing most aspects of psychological well-being within the experimental group. This strengthened sense of psychological well-being was evident both in the immediate postpartum period and at ten weeks postpartum. The control group showed a spontaneous increase in psychological well-being later in the postpartum period. The programme thus assisted mothers in the more vulnerable experimental group to experience a stronger sense of psychological well-being sooner after the baby's birth. The experimental and control groups were further compared on the mean differences in prenatal versus postnatal scores on measures of psychological well-being. The results suggest that the hypnotherapeutic intervention contributed to an enhanced sense of psychological well-being in mothers in the experimental group, in comparison to the control group, during the early postpartum period, as measured by variables related to motherhood, absence of pathology and general psychological well-being. At ten weeks postpartum, the differences between the experimental and control group were less obvious. However, a very important finding was that mothers in the experimental group continued to show a significant improvement in psychological well-being as indicated by the absence of pathology. Specifically, there was a continued decrease in depression and general symptoms of pathology. Findings from the quantitative study were supported by remarks by mothers in postpartum and follow-up interviews, as well as their written responses, as part of a qualitative exploration of their experience of the programme and its impact on them. The findings give compelling evidence that a hypnotherapeutic intervention, focusing on the enhancement of strengths and inner resources, could alleviate depression and psychological distress during the perinatal period, as well as prevent the exacerbation of symptoms. Findings from the current study indicate that the developed prenatal hypnotherapeutic programme was effective in enhancing the psychological well-being of mothers experiencing a first pregnancy. Recommendations for clinical practice and further research were made, based on the current research findings. The contribution of the current study lies in the fact that it is the first to explore pregnancy, childbirth and early motherhood from a salutogenidfortigenic perspective, and to utilise hypnosis to facilitate psychological well-being in this context. It contributed to scientific knowledge in the fields of developmental psychology, psychofortology and clinical hypnosis. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between positive psychological capacities (state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy) and burnout levels of employees (N = 164) in a chemical organisation and to determine whether state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy can be used to predict burnout levels of employees in a chemical organisation. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The Ego-Resiliency Scale (ER89), the State Self Efficacy Scale (SSES) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) were administered to measure the constructs. The research method for this article consists of a brief literature review and an empirical study. Confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the inter-item correlation coefficients were used to assess the reliability and validity of the measuring instruments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe data, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were used to examine the relationships between the constructs employed in this research. Results obtained confirmed the internal consistency and one-dimensional factor structures of the state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy measuring instruments. Although the two - dimensional factor structure of the OLBI was confirmed, the two subscales were not consistent with the expected factor structure. Consequently, only the total burnout scale (which presented with adequate internal consistency) was used. A significant statistical and practical correlation was found between state ego-resilience and burnout. State self-efficacy and burnout demonstrated a significant statistical and practical correlation. Regression analyses indicated that both state ego-resilience and state self-efficacy hold predictive value with regard to burnout. Conclusions were made, limitations of the current research were discussed and recommendations for future research were put forward. / Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.