The thesis investigated the notion of ego depletion in children, on classroom-based, 'academic' type tasks. Two major studies conducted with primary school students, aged between 10 and 14 years explored how an act of effortful self-control can impact adversely on performance and volition on a second, seemingly unrelated task. A third study investigated teacher perceptions of ego depletion effects.

Mémoire (M.A.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1988. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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abstract: Identity theorists have emphasized the importance of integration across identity domains for psychosocial well-being. There remains little research, however, on associations across identity domains, group differences across identity profiles, and the joint association of multiple identity domains with academic outcomes. This dissertation includes two studies that address these limitations in the identity literature. Study 1, examined the ego-social identity profiles that emerged from ethnic identity exploration and commitment, American identity exploration and commitment, and ego identity integration and confusion among an ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults using latent profile analysis (N = 8,717). Results suggested that an eight-profile solution was the best fit for the data. The profiles demonstrated differences in identity status and salience across identity domains. Significant ethnic, sex, nativity, and age differences were identified in ego-social identity membership. Study 2 focused on the ego-social identity profiles that emerged from the same identity domains among biethnic college students of Latino and European American heritage (N = 401) and how these profiles differed as a function of preferred ethnic label. The association of ego-social identity profile with academic achievement and the moderation by university ethnic composition were examined. Results indicated that a two-profile solution was the best fit to the data in which one profile included participants with general identity achievement across identity domains and one profile included individuals who were approaching the identity formation process in each domain. Ego-social identity profile membership did not differ based on preferred ethnic label. Individuals who had a more integrated identity across domains had higher college grades. University ethnic composition did not significantly moderate this association. Taken together, these two studies highlight the intricacies of identity formation that are overlooked when integration across identity domains is not considered. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Family Resources and Human Development 2012

The strength model of self-control predicts that when people exert self-control, they should show performance decrements on subsequent self-control tasks. However, it is possible that this pattern of behaviour is confined to specific experimental procedures, which amplifies the effect. The aims of this thesis are to; 1) test the strength model predictions in sport; and 2) examine emotion as a mediator of self-control performance effects. Study 1 consisted of two experiments. Experiment 1 set out to demonstrate a pattern of resource depletion. Forty-three sport and exercise students performed either an incongruent (self-control depletion) or congruent (control) Stroop task before and after performing a virtual reality cycling task on an indoor cycling ergometer. Findings showed the depletion group performed worse on the second Stroop task than on their first task or than the control group. Experiment 2 sought to address some of the methodological concerns in Experiment 1, and examine emotion as a factor explaining performance. Forty-eight physically active participants followed the same experimental protocol, but with an additional iteration of both tasks. Results demonstrated that both cycling and Stroop task performance improved across time. In addition, participants reported feeling happier and more motivated during the second cycling task. Study 2 provided a conceptual replication of Study 1, using different tests of self-control. Twenty-six university-level male soccer players either performed the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) with (self-control depletion) or without (control) an audio file simulating crowd noise, and then performed the wall squat muscle endurance test. The self-control depletion group reported feeling more anxious during the LSPT and performed worse than the controls on the wall squat. III Next, in Study 3, nineteen well-trained competitive endurance runners performed a self-paced 1600 m running trial and then ran a second trial either self-paced or with a pacemaker. The pacemaker had no significant effect on actual performance time but participants reported feeling more anxious beforehand and adopted a fast start strategy, whereas the self-paced group had a conservative pacing pattern. Study 4 showed that, for females, consuming a sports drink—as opposed to plain water—associated with better physical (high-intensity track running) and cognitive self-control (Stroop) performance. In addition, they appeared to be happier drinking water, and more anxious drinking the sports drink—an effect that diverged over the six weeks. Study 5 examined the effects of three strategies—designed to increase or decrease the intensity of emotions—on emotion, pacing strategy and 1600 m performance. Results showed the intervention designed to decrease unpleasant emotions was associated with lower anxiety, higher calmness, a slower first 400 m, and more overall consistent pacing strategy. Study 6 examined the effects of imagery training on swimming tumble-turn performance. Findings showed no significant intervention effect, a result that goes against the proposed benefits of psychological skills training and runs counter to the predictions of the strength model. Collectively, the evidence in the thesis provides limited support for the strength model. It is concluded that self-control performance does not inevitably deteriorate across self-control tasks where the individual is well-versed with the task demands, or where tasks are not physically strenuous enough to tax mental resources. In contrast, the explanation for performance deterioration across a series of novel tasks is likely to extend beyond that of a self-control resources perspective. Future research might profitably test this proposal.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento, Florianópolis, 2011 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T07:52:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 298209.pdf: 1568462 bytes, checksum: 3359004a50c7f78a30c29b7edafa6d60 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa mensura o nível de consciência, a partir da Teoria de Desenvolvimento do Ego e instrumento de medição WUSCT, de Loevinger, bem como mapeia a disposição para compartilhar conhecimento de dez orientadores de tutoria do Projeto Aluno Integrado, coordenado por equipe da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Para mensurar o nível de consciência, foi aplicado o teste projetivo de completar sentenças (WUSCT). As respostas foram classificadas por um protocolo interpretativo, o Measuring ego development (HY; LOEVINGER, 1996), que apontou categorias, em níveis hierárquicos, por características projetivas de resposta. A partir do paradigma interpretativista, foram aplicadas duas questões objetivas, com o propósito de verificar a disposição individual de compartilhamento de conhecimento dos orientadores de tutoria entrevistados. Essas questões foram seguidas do condicionante "Justificativa", abrindo a possibilidade de aprofundar as opiniões dos sujeitos da pesquisa por meio da justificação de suas respostas. Ainda foi aplicada uma questão aberta, conformando as narrativas organizacionais (CZARNIAWSKA, 1997). A ampliação da temática do compartilhamento de conhecimento, principalmente no que tange ao comportamento ou à disposição para tanto, correlacionando-a ao constructo níveis de consciência, contribuiu para o avanço do arcabouço teórico inerente à área de Engenharia e Gestão do Conhecimento.

O trabalho discute a prática psicanalítica com adolescentes na instituição judiciária, partindo da psicologia para depois situar o campo psicanalítico. Percorre as contribuições iniciais da Psicanálise na interface com o Direito e levanta como a Psicanálise pensou a delinquencia. Investiga o trabalho de Aichhorn a partir de uma discussão dos conceitos de Ideal do eu e Supereu em Freud. Acompanhando o livro Wayward Youth de Aichhorn observa que o uso que ele faz do conceito de Ideal do eu, remete a sua face apaziguadora das identificações secundárias, sendo a delinquencia o resultado de uma falha nesse processo. Desse modo o caráter sádico e paradoxal do Supereu que está referido à identificação primária, fica fora da elaboração de Aichhorn. Por fim, ressitua a delinquencia no campo da pulsão de morte, relacionando-a ao conceito de gozo de Lacan. Desde este ponto a delinquencia é pensada como o resultado de um excesso pulsional que nunca é simbolizado e não de uma falha na simbolização. O trabalho traz também a diferenciação entre crimes do Eu, do Isso e do Supereu, relacionando-os ao problema da responsabilidade. Por fim discute a passagem ao ato e o acting-out, tanto teoricamente quanto na discussão de dois casos que são apresentados. No primeiro quando ocorre uma dimensão de apelo ao Outro, e no segundo onde o que se dá é um avesso do apelo, um excesso pulsional absolutamente desligado que leva a um agir trágico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVBB.pdf: 746086 bytes, checksum: 1b83e48ee4a8953da9bc5dd4cdb01699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-18 / Neste trabalho, busca-se definir o papel do eu no início da metapsicologia freudiana. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma teoria fundamentada no estudo do aparelho neuropsíquico do Projeto para uma psicologia e no aparelho psíquico de A interpretação dos sonhos, com a finalidade de delimitar o papel do eu em ambos os aparelhos. Na carta 52 de 1896, Freud usa pela primeira vez o termo préconsciente , ao qual identifica o eu. Procurou-se, neste trabalho, as razões dessa afirmação fazendo-se uma análise do eu no aparelho neuropsíquico do Projeto para uma psicologia, de 1895, bem como do sistema pré-consciente de A interpretação dos sonhos, de 1900. A partir disso, percebeu-se que o sistema pré-consciente de 1900 guarda com relação ao eu de 1895, uma semelhança quanto a sediarem o processo secundário. Entretanto, falta ao pré-consciente do aparelho de A interpretação dos sonhos um agente recalcador, tal como é o papel do eu no aparelho do Projeto para uma psicologia. Pode-se perceber, por outro lado, que os aparelhos compostos em ambos os textos foram criados para fundamentar eventos psíquicos diferentes, o que faz com que tenham uma configuração também diferente. A psicopatologia deve ser explicada por meio do aparelho do Projeto para uma psicologia e o abandono da teoria da sedução que embasa essa psicopatologia implicou mudanças no aparelho psíquico construído por Freud em 1900, em relação ao aparelho de 1895. Por meio da análise da teoria das pulsões desenvolvida nos Três ensaios de sexualidade, de 1905, a qual sucedeu o lugar da teoria da sedução, e da relação desta com o aparelho de 1900, pode-se também fazer uma aproximação entre o eu do Projeto para uma psicologia e o sistema préconsciente de A interpretação dos sonhos.

This thesis is presented as a collection of four studies in which the role of self-control in athletic performance is examined. Considerable evidence has documented the beneficial effects of trait self-control and robust self-confidence on a wide range of behaviours. However, the relationships between these constructs have yet to be specifically explored within the sport domain. As well as exploring the trait perspective of self-control, research has employed self-control manipulations and laboratory performance to examine state self-control. The completion of tasks requiring self-control have led to impaired performance on physical tasks, also requiring self-control. But it remains unclear whether previous exertion of self-control impairs subsequent performance when self-regulation is potentially automatic, and if any observed effects are variable over different stages of performance. Building on this work, glucose supplementation, and the duration of self-control effort have been proposed as potential moderators that may influence performance effects, yet controversy exists surrounding glucose consumption, and task duration has not been appropriately considered. Furthermore, the identification of explanatory mechanisms for performance decrements following self-control use is of theoretical significance. In particular, research is yet to explore whether an individual s perceptions of pain may explain why self-control exertion interferes with subsequent performance on a physical task. The current thesis aims to address these limitations of the extant literature. Study One examined whether an individual s general ability to exert self-control might be an important mechanistic variable that explains the relationship between robust self-confidence and athletic performance. Following an examination of trait self-control, an exploration of state self-control was deemed more relevant to situational performance. Therefore, Study Two and Three utilised a sequential-task paradigm to examine whether exerting self-control impairs subsequent endurance performance in well-trained individuals, and whether any observed effects are variable over different stages of endurance performance. Study Two and Three also examined moderators of the depletion effect. In particular, the potential for glucose supplementation (Study Two), and duration of self-control effort (Study Three), to attenuate any decrements in performance due to initial self-control exertion were explored. Following the investigation of moderators, Study Four examined whether performance decrements can be explained by an individual s perceptions of pain. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest that trait self-control represents a potentially important mechanism by which athlete s with strong robust self-confidence progress and perform successfully. Furthermore, prior exertion of self-control impairs subsequent self-regulatory efforts during well-practiced endurance performance, but these effects are variable over different stages of performance. In addition, extended self-control effort may lead to the conservation of self-control, whilst glucose supplementation does not moderate self-control ability. Finally, perceptions of pain may explain why self-control exertion interferes with subsequent performance on a physical task.

O trabalho discute a prática psicanalítica com adolescentes na instituição judiciária, partindo da psicologia para depois situar o campo psicanalítico. Percorre as contribuições iniciais da Psicanálise na interface com o Direito e levanta como a Psicanálise pensou a delinquencia. Investiga o trabalho de Aichhorn a partir de uma discussão dos conceitos de Ideal do eu e Supereu em Freud. Acompanhando o livro Wayward Youth de Aichhorn observa que o uso que ele faz do conceito de Ideal do eu, remete a sua face apaziguadora das identificações secundárias, sendo a delinquencia o resultado de uma falha nesse processo. Desse modo o caráter sádico e paradoxal do Supereu que está referido à identificação primária, fica fora da elaboração de Aichhorn. Por fim, ressitua a delinquencia no campo da pulsão de morte, relacionando-a ao conceito de gozo de Lacan. Desde este ponto a delinquencia é pensada como o resultado de um excesso pulsional que nunca é simbolizado e não de uma falha na simbolização. O trabalho traz também a diferenciação entre crimes do Eu, do Isso e do Supereu, relacionando-os ao problema da responsabilidade. Por fim discute a passagem ao ato e o acting-out, tanto teoricamente quanto na discussão de dois casos que são apresentados. No primeiro quando ocorre uma dimensão de apelo ao Outro, e no segundo onde o que se dá é um avesso do apelo, um excesso pulsional absolutamente desligado que leva a um agir trágico.