Le titre de cette thèse, « Lacan et l’American way of life », est une façon d’interroger Jacques Lacan et les États-Unis afin de savoir pourquoi et comment son enseignement fut, pendant si longtemps, de ce côté-là de l’Atlantique, difficilement pris au sérieux dans la clinique. Si la théorisation lacanienne a été tenue à l’écart de la psychanalyse américaine, c’est parce que celle-ci avait d’autres repères. Nous en isolons trois : l’ego psychology, qui domina l’orientation de la psychanalyse américaine à partir des années 1930 ; Wilhelm Reich, le promoteur de la révolution sexuelle ; et les gender studies, pour lesquelles la psychanalyse est une pratique qui doit être abandonnée car trop soumise aux signifiants du patriarcat. Ces trois scansions – ego psychology, Reich, gender studies – sont trois théories du sexuel qui ont marqué les États-Unis, construisant chacune un sens sexuel qui exclut Lacan des enjeux cliniques. C’est ce que cette thèse se propose de démontrer. En commençant avec la réaction de Lacan à l’ego psychology et son retour à Freud, nous continuons vers la fin de l’enseignement de Lacan (à partir des années 1970) qui fonde une clinique orientée par le réel, qui repense la psychanalyse, y compris ce que Lacan avait d’abord affirmé. Le réel – le concept de réel – sera la boussole qui nous permet de déplier cette démonstration. L’œuvre de Lacan, particulièrement ses dernières formulations commentées par Jacques-Alain Miller, porte en elle des issues aux impasses de l’ego psychology et son culte du Moi, de Reich et sa jouissance phallique génitale, et des gender studies empêtrées dans les identifications et leurs contestations de celles-ci / This thesis, “Lacan and the American Way of Life”, examines Jacques Lacan and the United States in order to understand why Lacan’s teachings have had difficulty being taken seriously in American clinical practice. If psychoanalysts in the United States have kept Lacanian theory at a distance, it is perhaps because of the ways American practice has been oriented. We isolate three orientations: ego psychology, which had a strong influence in the United States as early as the 1930’s; Wilhelm Reich, the Viennese psychoanalyst and brilliant student of Freud who emigrated to the US and became known for his Sexual Revolution; and gender studies which considers that psychoanalysis, being overly subjected to patriarchal signifiers, should be abandoned. These movements represent three modalities of sexual theory that have left their mark on America, each bringing a meaning to sexuality in a way that excludes Lacan’s work. We examine these movements from a Lacanian point of view starting with his response to ego psychology (his return to Freud) and continuing with his later teachings (after 1970) that founded a practice oriented by the real – a re-thinking of psychoanalysis. The Lacanian concept of the real will be the compass that guides us through this demonstration. We will see that Lacan’s works, and especially his later formulations as explained by Jacques-Alain Miller, provide a way out of the impasses of ego psychology and its ego cult, of Reich and his genital phallic jouissance, and of gender studies and their entanglement with identity.

AFRIKAANS: Die doel van hierdie studie was om 'n sensitiseringshulpmiddel oor gesonde persoonlikheidsfunksionering te ontwikkel. Dit kan dien as 'n hulpmiddel vir opvoeders wat dit kan aanwend as deel van hul opvoedkundige kennis. Die vaardighede wat hierdie hulpmiddel onderskryf, is daarop gerig om gesonde persoonlikheidsfunksionering te bevorder. Die denkraamwerk van waaruit die navorsers gewerk het, was idealisties interpreterend met realisasie in die sisteemteorie. Die keuse van die denkraamwerk was gebaseer op die feit dat persoonlikheidsfunksionering oor die algemeen as multi-dimensioneel beskou word, asook dat persone voortdurend in interaksie is met ander persone. Mense funksioneer ook in veranderlike situasies en kontekste. Twee persoonlikheidskonstrukte naamlik Lokus van Kontrole en Egosterkte is akademies ontleed en die resultate hiervan is geïntegreer. Alhoewel die keuse van die twee konstrukte arbitrêr was, was dit geregverdig op grond van praktykondervinding, uitgesproke behoeftes van ander opvoeders en die klem wat tans akademies op die twee konstrukte geplaas word. Die totale studie soos uiteengesit in twee volumes (Deel I en Deel II) soos onderskeidelik gefinaliseer deur die navorsers, I. De Beer en R. Nel, was deurlopend gerig deur drie vlakke van data-ontleding. Op die eerste-orde-ontledingsvlak is die bestaande literatuur oor die twee konstrukte geëkstrapoleer. Die inligting is geïntegreer en 'n konsephulpmiddel is hieruit ontwikkel. Hierdie ontwikkeling het plaasgevind deur patroonkategorieë te skep met behulp van tweede-orde-ontleding. Die konsephulpmiddel het bestaan uit 'n gestruktureerde deel (vyf-puntskaal) en 'n semi-gestruktureerde deel (bydraes wat respondente spontaan moes genereer). Die konsephulpmiddel is aangebied aan 'n geselekteerde steekproef van 32 opvoeders naamlik ouers, onderwysers en sielkundiges. Die opvoeders het die hulpmiddel geëvalueer en ook hulle eie idees weergegee. Inligting wat hieruit verkry is, is in fokusgroepsessies bespreek en verfyn. Die data wat hieruit verkry is, is kwalitatief ontleed, statisties verwerk, geïntegreer en as 'n konsephulpmiddel ontwikkel. Die konsephulpmiddel is deur opvoeders in die praktyk geëvalueer. Die finale hulpmiddel is in gebruikersvriendelike taal en vorm saamgestel. Hierna is die hulpmiddel teruggekoppel na die oorspronklike konstrukte waaruit dit ontwikkel is. Laastens is die studie en die hulpmiddel konseptueel in terme van die huidige stand van die sielkunde, asook binne die groter konteks van Suid-Afrika bespreek. Verskeie aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing is gemaak, soos byvoorbeeld om 'n werkboek saam te stel wat voorsiening maak vir die meting van die doeltreffendheid van die hulpmiddel, asook om die hulpmiddel vir groepe met unieke behoeftes toepasbaar te maak. ENGLISH: The aIm of this study was to develop a sensitisation aid for healthy personality functioning. It can be used as an aid by educators who can utilize it as part of their educational knowledge. The skills that this aid underwrites are aimed at promoting healthy personality functioning. The frame of reference used by the researchers was idealistic interpretation with realisation in the systems approach. The choice of the reference framework was based on the fact that personality functioning is in general, considered to be multi-dimensional and that people are continually interacting with others. People also function in variable situations and contexts. Two personality constructs namely Locus of Control and Ego Strength were academically analysed and the results were integrated. Although the choice of constructs was arbitrary, they were justified on the grounds of experience obtained in practices, expressed needs from other educators and the emphasis currently placed on the two constructs by academics. The completed study as explained in two volumes (Part I and II) and finalized by the researchers I. De Beer and R. Nel respectively, was conducted at three levels of data analysis. In the first-order analytical level, the existing literature on the constructs was extrapolated. This information was integrated and a concept aid was developed hereafter. This development was done by the creation of pattern categories with the aid of second-¬order analysis. The concept aid consisted of a structured section (a five point scale) and a semi-structured section (inputs that had to be generated spontaneously by respondents). The concept aid was presented to a selected sample of 32 educators namely parents, teachers and psychologists. The educators evaluated the aid and also included their own ideas. The information gathered from this process was discussed and refined in focus groups. The data that was acquired was quantitatively analysed and statistically processed and re¬integrated as a concept aid. The concept aid was evaluated in practice by educators. The final aid was compiled in an user friendly language and format. Hereafter the researchers re-coupled the aid back to the original constructs from which it was derived. To conclude with, the study and the aid were discussed conceptually in terms of the current state in psychology as well as within the broader context of South Africa. Numerous recommendations for further research were made. Examples of these are the compilation of a workbook that provides for the measurement of the effectiveness of the aid and the adaptation of the aid to meet the requirements of groups with unique needs. / Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

Few studies apply the Eriksonian model of identity formation to cross-cultural samples (3), even though issues of ethnicity and culture may inform a Hispanic woman’s self-concept (Phinney, 1996). Hispanic women may also be influenced by traditional gender role behaviors such as passivity or dependence that are outlined by marianismo (Stevens, 1973). A recent study of a multiethnic sample of emerging adult women and men found that purpose commitment mediated the effects of identity commitment on hope and life satisfaction (Burrow & Hill, 2011). The current research consists of two studies that replicate and expand upon the work of Burrow and Hill (2011). Study I replicated the work of Burrow and Hill (2011) among a sample of emerging adult Hispanic women, in order to assess the extent to which the original findings would replicate in a culturally distinct sample. Study II examined the role of marianismo, ethnic identity, and acculturation on identity commitment among emerging adult Hispanic women. Both studies utilized a sample of 532 female undergraduate psychology students, age 18 to 25, who self-identified as Hispanic and submitted data via online surveys. Both studies used self-report, quantitative data which was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results from Study I indicated good model fit and replicated the findings from Burrow and Hill (2011). Specifically, the direct effect of identity commitment on hope was fully contingent upon an individual’s level of purpose commitment, while the effect of identity commitment on life satisfaction was not contingent upon an individual’s level of purpose commitment. Results from Study II indicated that marianismo, Spanish proficiency, familiarity with Latino culture, and familiarity with American culture demonstrated statistically significant direct effects on identity commitment among emerging adult Hispanic women. Results indicated cultural convergence regarding the association of an individual’s identity with well-being through a sense of purpose. Findings also revealed the role of cultural factors in the extent to which Hispanic women commit to a personal identity. Future studies should employ mixed method research designs as a means to better ascertain implications of findings.

Cet essai tente d’aborder, ou plutôt de comprendre l’idée du devenir, soit l’intuition du temps et de son propre déploiement pour un sujet qui vit au semblable rythme. Pour Bergson, cela n’arrive que dans de très rares occasions, pour l’artiste, chez le philosophe ou encore lors des situations d’extrême changement, voire d’urgence pour chacun d’entre nous. Seulement, est-ce que cette "vision directe de l’esprit par l’esprit" est véritablement exceptionnelle ? Ne s’agit-il pas plutôt d’actes instantanés où nous touchons l’objet avant même d’en avoir fait l’expérience, et qui serait plutôt "condition" de celle-ci, qui signe de son sceau l’avenir en général ? Par là, bien que nous ignorions exactement quels seront les retentissements de nos actes, nous en avons une intuition, un certain aspect y serait montré ou "présence" d’un quelque chose excédant toute explication logique. Si l’on souhaite montrer que cette intuition est déjà "présence" en chacun de nos actes singuliers, et nous accompagne dans notre quotidien à partir de notre perception du monde, il conviendra de trouver un moyen, une méthode pour explorer les régions inconscientes de notre être – ou de cet Être. Nous supposerons que nous sympathisons avec le réel, que nous "composons" en ce sens avec lui dans ce qui naît de l’instant – bien que sans le savoir. Notre intuition serait la forme « à venir » de notre expérience conformément à une personne, la façon dont mes souvenirs se constituent lorsque, paradoxalement, ces derniers enveloppent et se constituent selon une forme, un droit qui n’appartient pas qu’à moi. Ainsi nous chercherons à définir comment l’individu concourt avec une réalité qui, ainsi, l’excède, le transcende, mais dont celle-ci ne peut pas non plus être telle qu’elle apparaît sans lui. Quelle est cette part qui, échappant au monde, fait du sujet l’un de ses devenirs ? Peut-on expliquer cette part de liberté, puisque s’il y a intuition, il y a une pluralité des devenirs (virtuels) ? Nous établirons une méthode pour en comprendre le cheminement ontologique. Mais dans cette science de l’Être, il s’agira de confondre à la fois la psyché et la façon dont la matière s’organise : soit selon une chora d’un point de vue cosmologique. / This essay is an attempt to approach and to understand the idea of devenir, the intuition of time, and its own deployment for a subject that live in a similar pace. According to Bergson, this happens, only in very rare occasions, to the artist, to the philosopher or still in situation of extreme change, or even of emergency to all of us. But, is this « direct vision of the spirit by the spirit really exceptional? Are they rather instant acts when we touch the object even before having experienced it, and which will be rather "condition" of it, which marks the future in general? By this, even though we do not know exactly what will the impact of our acts be, we have an intuition of it, a certain aspect would have shown or "presence" of something that exceeds any logical explanation. If we wish to show that intuition is already "presence" in each of our unique acts, and accompanies us in our daily lives from our perception of the world, it will be suitable to find a way, a method to explore the regions of our unconscious being, or of this Being. We will suppose that we sympathize with the real that we "compose" in this sense with it in what is born of the instant, even without knowing it. Our intuition would be the form "to come" of our experience, according to a person, the way that my memories form when, paradoxically, they envelop and constitute according to a form, a right that does not belong only to me. Thus, we will seek to define how the individual contribute to the reality which, thus, exceeds, transcends him but which cannot be as such without him. What is this part that, escaping from the world, makes of the subject one of its destinies? Can we explain this part of freedom, since there is intuition, a plurality of (virtual) "devenirs"? We will establish a method to understand the ontological journey. But in this science of the Being, it will be to confuse both the psyche and the way in which the matter is organized: according to a "chora" a cosmological perspective.

The qualitative study “Måste jag köpa det jag ser?” by Madeleine Ohlson and Akvile Paulaityté is made to investigate the effects of Instagram on fashion- and beautyconsumption and the ego image of individuals. In the Swedish society the government sees consumption as a problem, and that it should decrease because of the high consumptionlevel. According to Dag Kättström social media affects everydaylife of individuals and their relations because of the frequent use. The research of Instagram by Mendelsons and Papacharissis (2011) reveals the possibility for individuals to display their identity and create an image. During this study seven semistructured interviews were made with students from Södertörn University and the material was analyzed through Goffman’s dramaturgic perspective and the consumptiontheory of Bauman. The outcome of the study shows that students that frequently use Instagram gets a need to see frequent newsfeed updates and the students with a beauty- and fashioninterest follow beauty- and fashioninspired users to find new trends and create productposts. The effects of Instagram on the ego image is low according to the students because of their high self-esteem. They though feel they are affected by their feel of insufficiency from Instagramposts regarding beauty- and fashionproducts and appearance standards. / Den kvalitativa studien “Måste jag köpa det jag ser?” av Madeleine Ohlson och Akvile Paulaityté beskriver Instagrams påverkan på skönhets- och modekonsumtion och individers självbild. I det svenska samhället upplevs konsumtion som ett problem enligt regeringen som anser att konsumtionen bör minska då individer köper för mycket produkter. Enligt Dag Kättström kan sociala medier påverka individers vardag och relationer då medieformen ofta används. Mendelsons och Papacharissis forskning kring Instagram (2011) visar individers möjlighet att påverka uppvisandet av sin identitet och skapa en önskad image. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur Instagram påverkar unga kvinnliga studenters konsumtion och självbild. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med 7 studenter från Södertörns högskola och det empiriska materialet analyserades genom Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv och Baumans konsumtionsteori. Resultatet av studien visar att studenter som ofta använder Instagram upplever ett behov av ständig nyhetsuppdatering och studenterna med ett   mode- och skönhetsintresse följer mode- och skönhetsinriktade konton för att informeras om trender samt exempelvis skapa produktinlägg. Instagrams påverkan på självbilden upplevs enligt studenterna vara låg då de upplever sig ha en bra självkänsla. De anser sig däremot påverkas så att de ibland kan känna sig otillräckliga på grund av instagraminlägg rörande mode- och skönhetsprodukter och olika utseendenormer.

Orientador: Michael Beaumot Wrigley / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T12:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Torriani_TristanGuillermo_M.pdf: 31047474 bytes, checksum: e73b21ceaad20c6ed9e37d3cf75e6b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995 / Resumo: Este trabalho trata das idéias básicas de Derek Parfit, Colin McGinn, Charles Taylor e Alasdair Maclntyre (entre outros) sobre o problema da identidade pessoal. Parfit mostra a possibilidade lógica do "eu" se dividir e sobreviver sem identidade pessoal. Em reação a isto, surgem duas tentativas de superar o caráter anti-intuitivo do "eu" parfitiano e recuperar sua unidade perdida. A primeira, de Colin McGinn, procura reafirmar o conceito do "eu" unitário com base na análise da linguagem ordinária. A segunda, de Alasdair Maclntyre e Charles Taylor, enfatiza a necessidade (a) de um contexto teleológico para o "eu" e (b) da narração para tornar inteligível a identidade. pessoal através do tempo. Deste modo, Maclntyre e Taylor propõem uma nova maneira de recuperar a unidade do "~u": a identidade narrativa / Abstract: In this dissertation I present the basic of ideas of Derek Parfit, Colin McGinn, Charles Taylor and Alasdair Maclntyre on personal identity. Parfit shows that the division of the self and its survival without identity is logically possible. I then present two attempts to overcome the counter-intuitive character of Parfit's self, and to recover its lost unity. Colin McGinn argues for the concept of the self as a simple entity. Alasdair Maclntyre and Charles Taylor stress the need of (a) a teleological context for the self, and (b) a narrative competence for the self to be able to confer inteligibility to his or her personal identity through time. Thus, Maclntyre and Taylor offer a new way to recover the lost unity of the self: narrative identity / Mestrado / Mestre em Filosofia

Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera meningen bakom den franska filmen Climax (2018) regisserad av Gaspar Noé. Filmen är vag i sin struktur, berättelse och natur vilket gör det svårt för en tittare att förstå vad filmen försöker kommunicera för mening. Analysen strukturerar uppsatsen i fem kapitel, skapat från filmens sex olika titelkort som kommer upp under dess duration samt ett sjätte kapitel för att analysera titelkortens mening. I varje kapitel analyserar uppsatsen filmens karaktärer och gruppdynamik genom användningen av flera filosofiska begrepp som stärkande teori. Begreppen är existentialism, nihilism, ego och gemenskap. Först undersöker uppsatsen hur filmen gestaltar dessa teman, sedan sammanfattas vad dessa gestaltningar försöker kommunicera. Uppsatsen kommer fram till att filmen är en representation samt kritik om att forma ens livssyn efter filosofiska begrepp. Det är en representation av karaktärernas ageranden samt en kritik från hur berättelsen negativt behandlar dessa karaktärer.

Given increasing interest in the therapeutic benefits of mindfulness, limitations of its treatment utility are frequently questioned. As such, the purpose of the study was to examine the effects of mindfulness on a subsequent self-control task in a sample of college students. A total of 67 participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a control condition, an experimental mindfulness-only condition or a comparison expectancy-plus-mindfulness condition to investigate the utility of mindfulness practice when motivated by an outcome of increased self-control. Results did not indicate a difference in persistence on a difficult task between conditions, regardless of the manipulation. Conceptual and experimental limitations of current study’s findings, as well as future directions, are discussed.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka skillnader i målorientering (task och ego) samt upplevdaledarskapsbeteenden (positiva och negativa) mellan elitungdomsfotbollsspelare som tagit sigtill elitnivå och inte tagit sig till elitnivå på seniornivå. I studien deltog 115 aktiva manligaelitungdomsfotbollsspelare i åldrarna 16–19 (M=17.49, Sd= 0.65). Urvalet av populationskedde via ett tillgänglighetsurval på klusternivå. Föreliggande studie genomfördes med enprospektiv designmetod. Data för deltagare samt psykosociala variabler samlades in år 2018,och uppföljning av data genomfördes i aktuell studie år 2020. Resultaten visade statistisksignifikant skillnad mellan grupperna och variabeln positivt upplevt ledarskapsbeteende.Inga andra signifikanta skillnader fanns mellan grupperna och de resterande psykosocialavariablerna. Resultaten från föreliggande studie påvisar att ett positivt ledarskapsbeteende kanvara en faktor som kan främja chansen för att unga manliga elitfotbollsspelare ska nå elitnivåpå seniornivå. Resultaten stödjer och bidrar även till tidigare forskning som påvisat positivaeffekter från positivt ledarskapsbeteende. Framtida forskning är i behov av fler prospektivastudier för att skapa möjlighet att se samband över tid och skapa bättre samt djupare förståelseför relationen mellan fotbollsprestationer och psykosociala fenomen.

Denna studie undersöker hur serietecknare gestaltar sig själva visuellt i sina verk. Där undersökningen utgår ifrån konstnären och serietecknaren Ester Erikssons seriebok Jag Esters rester (2017). Fokuset för analysen är huvudkaraktären Ester och hur Ester är en visuell representation av Erikssons självbild. Jag utgår ifrån att karaktären Ester är Erikssons alter ego och med denna studie undersöker jag hur användandet av ett alter ego kan fungera som utgångspunkt för ett konstnärskap. Den självbiografiska serien präglas av autenticitet och subjektivitet där betraktaren förväntar sig att det som skildras är verkligt och sant, men att detta inte nödvändigtvis är fallet då det som framställs är serietecknarens subjektiva uppfattning av sig själv och den upplevda händelsen som presenteras. Det är Erikssons subjektiva uppfattning av jaget som Ester representerar, där Eriksson valt ut vilka egenskaper som hon vill lyfta fram, förstärka eller inte visa alls. Att se på självframställningen som ett alter egot skapar en distans mellan konstnären och det tecknade jaget. Det är distanseringen mellan det upplevda jaget och det konstruerade jaget som sker när ens jag blir till ett alter ego som gör det möjligt att få tillgång till andra sidor av sig själv. Denna distansering sker när serietecknaren tecknar sig själv som en seriefigur.