Despite more than a decade-long process to transition aircraft maintenance practices from paper-to electronic-based systems, some organizations remain unable to complete this transition. Researchers have indicated that while organizations have invested resources in technology improvements, there remains a limited understanding of the factors that contribute to effectively managing technology-enabled change. The purpose of this case study was to identify and explore socio-technical (ST) factors that inhibit an effective transition from a paper-based system to an electronic-based system for aircraft maintenance. A conceptual model applying theories of change management, technology acceptance, systems thinking, and ST theory informed the research. Thirteen participants provided data via semistructured interviews, field observations, follow-up interviews, other documentation, and a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with open and axial coding techniques to identify themes, which were then crosschecked and triangulated with observation and follow-up interview data. Findings revealed communication issues, a fundamental misconception in training, and a false assumption that all personnel easily acquire computer literacy. Benefits gained from this study should assist maintenance, repair, and overall (MRO) organizations within the Department of Defense to improve current and future technology implementation as the research underscores real-life issues from a comparable organization. The implications for positive social change provide a greater understanding of technology-enabled change and contribute to the development of best practices for technology initiatives that address common ST issues in the MRO workplace.

There is a growing interest in designing for whole body interactions in the field of Human–Computer Interaction, where numerous researchers are using this knowledge for creating new age digital musical instruments, with the secondary focus on creating inclusive music creation mediums for all. The aim was to create a new interaction medium for Sound Forest, a digital musical instrument at Stockholm Museum of Performing Arts. In this report we have used an Android app to allow users to modulate sound created by the Sound Forest by their hand movements. The app was tested and evaluated by 9 individual users, where they were told to use the app and were asked to try to modulate the sound with their hands while holding the phone in their hand. They were asked to fill a Google Form that inquired about their experience and asked about their informal feedback regarding the process. The data was visualised and observed, where one can see the moderate success of the mappings and visual feedback provided by the app. Qualitative suggestions provided by the users were recorded for future development and evaluation. / Det finns ett växande intresse för att designa interaktioner av hela kroppen inom området människa–datorinteraktion, där många forskare använder denna kunskap för att skapa nya digitala musikinstrument, samt för att skapa inkluderande musikskapande medier lämpliga för alla. Syftet var att skapa ett nytt interaktionsmedium för Sound Forest, ett digitalt musikinstrument vid Stockholms Scenkonstmuseum. I den här rapporten har vi använt en Androidapp för att tillåta användare att modulera ljud som skapas av Sound Forest genom sina handrörelser. Appen testades och utvärderades av 9 individuella användare, där de blev tillsagda att använda appen och ombads att försöka modulera ljudet med händerna medan de höll telefonen i handen. De ombads att fylla i ett Google-formulär angående deras upplevelse samt deras informella feedback angående processen. Datan visualiserades och observerades, vilket visade framgången av kartläggningarna och den visuella feedback som kom från appen. Kvalitativa förslag från användarna registrerades för framtida utveckling och utvärdering.

The reason for the study is that IT-enabled organizational change processes such as information system implementations have high costs and disappointing results. Studies to identify causes of the mentioned failures are mainly based on a variance approach. This study applies another approach which is not yet performed in this field of research and affects several themes. Based on a process approach data is compared with ideal-process theories to identify the generative mechanisms causing the unfolding of the process. Thus, the study identifies a recipe and not the ingredients.

The purpose of this research is to study the advantages of 5G technological innovation in the development of smart cities, i.e., to find out in what way this technology plays the main driving force of other relevant technologies essential to developing smart cities. In addition, this study explores the potential consequences of developing smart cities using 5G technology. Main Research Question How does 5G technological innovation influence the development of smart cities?  Sub-Research Questions 1.1 What are the advantages of smart city development using 5G technology?  1.2 What are the hindrances to smart city development using 5G technology? The methodology of this study includes bibliometric data analysis and a systematic literature review. The journal databases have been searched with appropriate keywords to get published articles on 5G technological innovation, its advantages, and potential consequences on the development of smart cities, technological hindrances, and sustainability threats to the development of smart cities. The relevant literature was then analyzed precisely. In the development of smart cities, the 5G technological innovation is to act as the backbone of smart cities. There are different types of technologies contributing to the development of smart cities. Among them, the Internet of Things, Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Sensors, Geospatial Technology, Blockchain, Robotics, and Industry 4.0 are fundamental technologies. 5G technological innovations are strategic. Therefore, whether this innovation has a strategic impact has been found in this analysis.  Recommendations We must welcome and utilize the advantages of new technological innovation. We still need more practical studies of using 5G in smart cities. Telecom operators, relevant service providers, and vendors can collaborate with public health and environmental researchers to clearly disclose the 5G advantages and potential consequences.  Further research is required to finalize the unknown facts of EMF pollution, and other controversial areas like privacy, safety, and security could be studied to determine whether the 5G wireless technology is secure and adds real value for the users.

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[pt] Nos últimos anos, componentes de aprendizado de máquina têm sido cada vez mais integrados aos sistemas principais de organizações. A construção desses sistemas apresenta diversos desafios, tanto do ponto de vista teórico quanto prático. Um dos principais desafios é a interação eficaz entre atores com diferentes formações que precisam trabalhar em conjunto, como engenheiros de software e cientistas de dados. Este trabalho apresenta três estudos distintos que investigam as dinâmicas de colaboração entre esses dois atores em projetos de aprendizado de máquina. Primeiramente, realizamos um estudo de caso exploratório com quatro profissionais com experiência em engenharia de software e ciência de dados de um grande projeto de sistema habilitado por aprendizado de máquina. Em nosso segundo estudo, realizamos entrevistas complementares com membros de duas equipes que trabalham em sistemas habilitados por aprendizado de máquina para obter mais percepções sobre como cientistas de dados e engenheiros de software compartilham responsabilidades e se comunicam. Por fim, nosso terceiro estudo consiste em um grupo focal onde validamos a relevância dessa colaboração durante várias tarefas relacionadas à sistemas habilitados por aprendizado de máquina e avaliamos recomendações que podem melhorar a interação entre os atores. Nossos estudos revelaram vários desafios que podem dificultar a colaboração entre engenheiros de software e cientistas de dados, incluindo diferenças de conhecimento técnico, definições pouco claras das funções de cada um, e a falta de documentos que apoiem a especificação do sistema habilitado por aprendizado de máquina. Possíveis soluções para enfrentar esses desafios incluem incentivar a comunicação na equipe, definir claramente responsabilidades, e produzir uma documentação concisa do sistema. Nossa pesquisa contribui para a compreensão da complexa dinâmica entre engenheiros de software e cientistas de dados em projetos de aprendizado de máquina e fornece recomendações para melhorar a colaboração e a comunicação nesse contexto. Incentivamos novos estudos que investiguem essa interação em outros projetos. / [en] In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) components have been increasingly integrated into the core systems of organizations. Engineering such systems presents various challenges from both a theoretical and practical perspective. One of the key challenges is the effective interaction between actors with different backgrounds who need to work closely together, such as software engineers and data scientists. This work presents three studies investigating the current interaction and collaboration dynamics between these two roles in ML projects. Our first study depicts an exploratory case study with four practitioners with experience in software engineering and data science of a large ML-enabled system project. In our second study, we performed complementary interviews with members of two teams working on ML-enabled systems to acquire more insights into how data scientists and software engineers share responsibilities and communicate. Finally, our third study consists of a focus group where we validated the relevance of this collaboration during multiple tasks related to ML-enabled systems and assessed recommendations that can foster the interaction between the actors. Our studies revealed several challenges that can hinder collaboration between software engineers and data scientists, including differences in technical expertise, unclear definitions of each role s duties, and the lack of documents that support the specification of the ML-enabled system. Potential solutions to address these challenges include encouraging team communication, clearly defining responsibilities, and producing concise system documentation. Our research contributes to understanding the complex dynamics between software engineers and data scientists in ML projects and provides insights for improving collaboration and communication in this context. We encourage future studies investigating this interaction in other projects.

This dissertation presents, describes and discusses an interdisciplinary study which investigated the design and development of a language learning instructional solution to address the problem of inadequate aural skills acquisition for college ESP (English for Special Purposes) students. Specifically, it focused on the use of mobile technology to expand learning beyond the classroom. The eighteen-month process of data collection and analysis resulted in a conceptual model and design principles for a Mobile-Enabled Language Learning (MELL) solution. Mobile-Enabled Language Learning Eco-System was thus designed, developed and trialled in the real-life learning context. Through the iterative process of the design, development and evaluation of the MELL system and its components, design principles were also generated. These design recommendations were refined and reformulated in a cyclical fashion with the help of more than 100 students and ten experts. The resulting MELLES design framework encompasses guidelines addressing the essential characteristics of the desired MELL intervention as well as procedures recommended to operationalize those features. The study also resulted in a better understanding of the broader context of ESP learning using mobile devices and the role of elements of environment, ultimately contributing to real-life praxis of the Ecological Constructivist framework and the complementary approach of Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology. / 2012-06

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Military leaders and scholars alike debate the existence of a revolution in military affairs (RMA) based on information technology. This thesis will show that the Information RMA not only exists, but will also reshape how we plan, operate, educate, organize, train, and equip forces for the 21st century. This thesis introduces the Communication Technology (CommTech) Model to explain how communication technologies affect organizations, leadership styles, and decision-making processes. Due to the growth in networking enterprises, leaders will have to relinquish their tight, centralized control over subordinates. Instead, they will have to perfect their use of softer power skills such as influence and trust as they embrace decentralized decision-making. Network Centric Warfare, Self-Synchronization, and Network Enabled Operations are concepts that provide the framework for integrating information technology into the battlespace. The debate that drives centralized versus decentralized control in network operations is analyzed with respect to the CommTech Model. A new term called Operational Trust is introduced and developed, identifying ways to make it easier to build trust among network entities. Finally, the thesis focuses on what leaders need to do to shape network culture for effective operations. / Major, United States Air Force

The aim of this Thesis is implement Aplication Programming Interface (API) with support of XML native documents. First part deal with introduction of XML model and with this markup language related technologies. Alfter that the thesis describe individual XML native databases solutions and focus to issues of persistence XML data stored in relational databases, analyse mapping methods applicable to their relational model. After that the thesis describe design and implementation of the API, which afford a resources for XML documents data holding and manipulating in relational database system. The final section of this thesis is assignment to aplication tests and evaluation of results.

Avanços na área da tecnologia de informação proporcionaram mudanças em diversas áreas da atividade humana. A comunicaço cientifica e uma destas áreas. Periódicos científicos, que tradicionalmente utilizam como meio de divulgação a mídia impressa, possuem agora como alternativa a midia eletrônica. Alguns periódicos científicos lançados no final do século XX estão disponíveis exclusivamente no formato eletrônico. Esta tese de Doutorado analisa de forma específica as dinâmicas de acesso e uso dos periódicos científicos eletônicos brasileiros na área da Ciência da Informação. Discutem-se diversos tópicos fundamentais para a compreensão deste assunto. O estudo do acesso dos usuários aos periódicos foi realizado através da análise dos arquivos de log de acesso gerados pelos servidores web onde estão hospedados os periódicos selecionados para a pesquisa. O estudo relacionado ao uso que os usuários fazem dos periódicos foi realizado através da análise de um questionário enviado para os docentes dos programas de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação, credenciados pela Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES, até a data de 30 de junho de 2001. A pesquisa identifica vários comportamentos dos usários quando do acesso aos periódicos científicos eletrônicos brasileiros, bem como algumas barreiras para uma utilização mais efetiva deste recurso. As conclusões da pesquisa sao relevantes para a elaboraço de novos periódicos cientificos eletrônicos. O prototipo de um sistema de informação eletrônico, voltado para o gerenciamento do processo de elaboração de um periódico científico eletrônico, e apresentado em sugestões para futuras pesquisas. Este protótipo materializa algumas das idéias discutidas ao longo do texto. / Electronic journals, Scientific Communication, Information Science, Information Technology