Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation offers metalexicographical criteria for the compilation of standard translation dictionaries in non-standardized languages. It particularly focuses on the role that the proposed dictionary model can play in the language standardization, with special reference to Fang. These criteria are based on different theoretical frameworks. Criteria for the dictionary structure are particularly based on Hausmann & Wiegand's General Theory of Lexicography, while a discussion of the role that dictionaries can play in the standardization process of languages is particularly based on criteria introduced by Zgusta. This dissertation is structured as follows: • Chapter 1, Introduction and problem statement, presents the motivation for the choice of the present topic, as well as the theoretical frameworks that I use to build my metalexicographical criteria. • Chapter 2, Fang and its dialects, focuses on the concerned language and its dialects. Apart from a historical overview of the Fang people, a wide inventory of works that have been implemented in Fang, as well as the choice and the motivation of the standard dialect are presented. • Chapter 3, Dictionaries and corpora, highlights the strong relationship between the compilation of modern dictionaries and electronic corpora. More precisely this chapter intends to demonstrate the importance of electronic corpora in the lexicographic practice. In this regard, the importance of some software and new corpus methods are also demonstrated. • Chapter 4, Aspects of the dictionary structure, mainly focuses on different structures of the dictionary and how data should be spread and organized in each dictionary component. A detailed account is given of the structure of each dictionary component. • Chapter 5, Dictionaries and standardization, focuses on the main purpose of the dissertation and demonstrates why and how the dictionary can be an instrument in the standardization process of languages, with specific reference to Fang. • Chapter 6, Concluding remarks, reviews all chapters by highlighting the focal points of each of them. Some perspectives or potential new developments are foreseen in order to pave the way for the elaboration of new theoretical frameworks and the improvement of the proposed dictionary model. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif bied metaleksikografiese kriteria vir die samestelling van standaard vertalende woordeboeke vir nie-gestandaardiseerde tale. Die fokus is veralop die rol wat die voorgestelde woordeboekmodel kan speel in taalstandaardisering, met spesifieke verwysing van Fang. Hierdie kriteria is gebaseer op verskillende teoretiese raamwerke. Kriteria vir die woordeboekstruktuur is veral gebaseer op Hausmann en Wiegand se algemene leksikografieteorie, terwyl 'n bespreking van die rol van woordeboeke in die standaardiseringsproses van tale veral gebaseer is op kriteria wat deur Zgusta voorgestel is. Die proefskrif is soos volg saamgestel: • Hoofstuk 1 bied 'n motivering vir die keuse van die betrokke onderwerp asook vir die teoretiese raamwerke waarvolgens die metaleksikografiese kriteria geformuleer is. • Hoofstuk 2 fokus op die betrokke taal, Fang, en sy dialekte. Naas 'n historiese oorsig van die Fang sprekers word 'n wye keuse uit die Fang literatuur asook die keuse van 'n standaarddialek aan die orde gestel. • Hoofstuk 3 wys op die sterk verhouding tussen die samestelling van 'n moderne woordeboek en elektroniese korpora. Hierdie hoofstuk benadruk die belang van elektroniese korpora vir die leksikografiese praktyk. In hierdie verband word daar ook verwys na die belang van sekere sagtewareprodukte asook nuwe korpusmetodes. • Hoofstuk 4 is veral gerig op die verskillende woordeboekstrukture en op hoe data versprei en in die verskillende woordeboekkomponente aangebied moet word. Die struktuur van elke woordeboekkomponent word in besonderhede bespreek. • Hoofstuk 5 fokus op die hoofdoel van die proefskrif en wys hoe en waarom In woordeboek, met spesifieke verwysing na die situasie van Fang, In instrument kan wees in die taa Istandaardiseri ngsproses. • Hoofstuk 6 gee In oorsig oor die voorafgaande hoofstukke en wys op sekere belangrike aspekte wat bespreek is. Nuwe ontwikkelinge wat voorsien word om die weg te baan vir die ontwerp van nuwe teoretiese raamwerke ter verbetering van die voorgestelde model word beklemtoon.

陳佩瑜. / "2005年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2005. / 參考文獻(leaves 1-19, 2nd group). / "2005 nian 7 yue". / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Chen Peiyu. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2005. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 1-19, 2nd group). / 提要 --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1-6 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究動機 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究方法 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二章 --- 吳淑生平背景、《事類賦》的成書及刊本 --- p.7-41 / Chapter 第一節 --- 吳淑的生平 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二節 --- 吳淑的著作 --- p.9 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《事類賦》的成書背景 --- p.11 / Chapter 第四節 --- 刊本及流傳 --- p.34 / 章節附錄〔一〕：《事類賦》的版本與流傳 --- p.36 / Chapter 第三章 --- 《事類賦》的體系和分類 --- p.42-74 / Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.42 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《事類賦》的內容體例 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三節 --- 類書的分類思想 --- p.52 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《事類賦》的分類背景 --- p.61 / Chapter 第四章 --- 賦體類書´ؤ´ؤ《事類賦》 --- p.75-125 / Chapter 第一節 --- 賦體的特點與類書之關係 --- p.75 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「賦寫類書」 --- p.87 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《事類賦》的賦體格局 --- p.98 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.124 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《事類賦》的命名及藝文特色 --- p.126-176 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「事類」考釋 --- p.126 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《事類賦》的藝文特色 --- p.147 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結：《事類賦》與文學 --- p.175 / Chapter 第六章 --- 《事類賦》在元明的流傳與清人的續書 --- p.177-214 / Chapter 第一節 --- 類書的續補情況及續補原因 --- p.177 / Chapter 第二節 --- 刊刻、續補《事類賦》與時代之關係 --- p.181 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《事類賦》在清代續補的原因 --- p.190 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《事類賦》在清代的續補 --- p.205 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.213 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結語 --- p.215-216 / 參考書目 (1)-(19) / 附錄 --- p.1-62 / 附錄一：《事類賦》、李嶠《雜詠》及《文苑英華》詩賦分類對照表 --- p.1 / 附錄二 ：《事類賦注》天部賦篇用韻及對偶簡表 --- p.5 / 附錄三：附錄三：《事類賦》引用的賦篇篇目簡表 --- p.60

Research paper (M.L.I.S.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:21:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:25:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858349.pdf: 2159393 bytes, checksum: a67f67abc7624fb34bdadacd322ed456 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Propõe-se, nesta pesquisa, analisar o tratamento lexicográfico na microestrutura de um conjunto de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas no par de línguas português e espanhol em dicionários bilíngues escolares de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros. As unidades lexicais heterogenéricas são aquelas que, embora possuam grafia igual ou semelhante, apresentam gêneros diferentes entre as duas línguas em questão. Os heterogenéricos são o objeto de estudo deste trabalho, porque no caso do ensino da língua espanhola para brasileiros estas palavras costumam apresentar-se como uma dificuldade em seu processo de aprendizagem, sobretudo nas habilidades de produção oral e escrita. Ao produzir seus enunciados em língua espanhola, o aprendiz brasileiro com frequência se equivoca no uso dos gêneros dos substantivos. Para este estudo foi selecionada uma amostra de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas de um corpus composto por gêneros textuais veiculados em livros didáticos de espanhol, especificamente as três coleções eleitas pelo PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) 2011/2012. A presente pesquisa fundamenta-se nas teorias e práticas da Lexicografia Pedagógica Bilíngue e Linguística de Corpus e o objetivo central é analisar como são apresentadas as informações lexicográficas e se trazem indicações que sirvam de apoio para a aprendizagem dos substantivos heterogenéricos em espanhol por aprendizes brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que os dicionários bilíngues analisados, em geral, não apresentam informações suficientes para auxiliar o aprendiz em seu processo de aprendizagem das unidades lexicais heterogenéricas / The objective of this research is to analyze the lexicographical treatment given to a set of heterogeneric lexical units in the microestructure of Portuguese-Spanish School Dictionaries for Brazilian learners. Heterogeneric lexical units are those which have the same or similar spelling, but different genres in each of the two languages considered. The heterogenerics are the object of study of this work, mainly because in the Spanish language learning process Brazilians usually find these words difficult to learn and use, especially in the speaking and writing production. When expressing themselves in Spanish, Brazilian learners often make mistakes in the use of noun genders. This study was conducted by selecting a sample of heterogeneric lexical units in a corpus composed by different text genres from Spanish language teaching textbooks, more specifically from three Spanish teaching collections pre-selected by the PNLD (National Textbook Program) 2011/2012. This research is based on the theories and practices of Bilingual Pedagogical Lexicography and Corpus Linguistics and it focused on analyzing how the lexicographical information is presented to serve as a support for the learning of heterogenerics nouns in Spanish by Brazilian learners. The results indicate that the bilingual dictionaries analyzed, generally do not have enough information to assist the learner in the learning process regarding heterogeneric lexical units

Orientador: Odair Luiz Nadin da Silva / Banca: Regiani Aparecida Santos Zacarias / Banca: Maria Helena de Paula / Resumo: Propõe-se, nesta pesquisa, analisar o tratamento lexicográfico na microestrutura de um conjunto de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas no par de línguas português e espanhol em dicionários bilíngues escolares de espanhol para aprendizes brasileiros. As unidades lexicais heterogenéricas são aquelas que, embora possuam grafia igual ou semelhante, apresentam gêneros diferentes entre as duas línguas em questão. Os heterogenéricos são o objeto de estudo deste trabalho, porque no caso do ensino da língua espanhola para brasileiros estas palavras costumam apresentar-se como uma dificuldade em seu processo de aprendizagem, sobretudo nas habilidades de produção oral e escrita. Ao produzir seus enunciados em língua espanhola, o aprendiz brasileiro com frequência se equivoca no uso dos gêneros dos substantivos. Para este estudo foi selecionada uma amostra de unidades lexicais heterogenéricas de um corpus composto por gêneros textuais veiculados em livros didáticos de espanhol, especificamente as três coleções eleitas pelo PNLD (Programa Nacional do Livro Didático) 2011/2012. A presente pesquisa fundamenta-se nas teorias e práticas da Lexicografia Pedagógica Bilíngue e Linguística de Corpus e o objetivo central é analisar como são apresentadas as informações lexicográficas e se trazem indicações que sirvam de apoio para a aprendizagem dos substantivos heterogenéricos em espanhol por aprendizes brasileiros. Os resultados indicam que os dicionários bilíngues analisados, em geral, não apresentam informações suficientes para auxiliar o aprendiz em seu processo de aprendizagem das unidades lexicais heterogenéricas / Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the lexicographical treatment given to a set of heterogeneric lexical units in the microestructure of Portuguese-Spanish School Dictionaries for Brazilian learners. Heterogeneric lexical units are those which have the same or similar spelling, but different genres in each of the two languages considered. The heterogenerics are the object of study of this work, mainly because in the Spanish language learning process Brazilians usually find these words difficult to learn and use, especially in the speaking and writing production. When expressing themselves in Spanish, Brazilian learners often make mistakes in the use of noun genders. This study was conducted by selecting a sample of heterogeneric lexical units in a corpus composed by different text genres from Spanish language teaching textbooks, more specifically from three Spanish teaching collections pre-selected by the PNLD (National Textbook Program) 2011/2012. This research is based on the theories and practices of Bilingual Pedagogical Lexicography and Corpus Linguistics and it focused on analyzing how the lexicographical information is presented to serve as a support for the learning of heterogenerics nouns in Spanish by Brazilian learners. The results indicate that the bilingual dictionaries analyzed, generally do not have enough information to assist the learner in the learning process regarding heterogeneric lexical units / Mestre

Orientador: Roberto Romano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:26:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_BrunaTorlay_M.pdf: 872423 bytes, checksum: be8c8d08a94b8036f9de854463720614 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho procura assinalar traços da filosofia de Francis Bacon na Enciclopédia francesa do século XVIII. Estes traços se manifestam nas teses que defendem o intercurso entre avanço técnico e progresso do conhecimento, e o ideal de ciência como conquista indefinida que escapa ao gênio individual, e sobrevive como patrimônio comum da humanidade. Compreensivamente, mostra que o ¿utilitarismo¿ de Francis Bacon e dos enciclopedistas na verdade se fundamenta na idéia capital de que a existência produz-se mediante engenho / Abstract: This work search after some traces of Francis Bacon¿s thought in eighteenth century¿s French Encyclopaedia. These traces are manifest on the thesis that defend the intercourse between technical improvement and advancement of learning, and the ideal of science as an undefined acquisition not due to individual genius, but thought of as mankind¿s common inheritance. As a whole, it points that Bacon¿s and enciclopaedists¿ ¿utilitarianism¿ is in fact grounded on the capital idea that existence is made through ingenuity / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia

Thesis (DPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel woordeboeke op spesifieke teikengebruikers gerig is, het die leksikografie slegs 'n baie beperkte bydrae gelewer om hulpmiddels vir vertalers te ontwikkel. Veral die bestaande vakwoordeboeke gee min blyke van 'n teoretiese fundering en nog minder van 'n erkenning van die behoeftes van een van die tipiese gebruikersgroepe, te wete die professionele vertaler. Vertalers is 'n gebruikersgroep met eiesoortige behoeftes en benodig woordeboeke wat spesifiek op hierdie behoeftes gerig is. In hierdie proefskrif word daar eerstens aandag gegee aan die ontwikkeling van die leksikografie met spesifieke verwysing na die vakleksikografie en die belangrikste rolspelers op hierdie gebied sowel as aan die ontwikkeling van die vertaalteorie wat insluit die linguistiese, tekslinguistiese en funksionalistiese benaderings tot vertaling en die onderskeie rolspelers binne elk van die benaderings. Daar word ook gekyk na die probleem van ekwivalensie binne die vertaalteorie sowel as binne die leksikografie. Daarna word daar gekyk na die woordeboekgebruiker, die gebruikersperspektief en die verskillende woordeboekfunksies wat tydens die beplanning en samestelling van woordeboeke in gedagte gehou en in ag geneem moet word. Daar word vervolgens aandag gegee aan vertalers as woordeboekgebruikers en daar word aangedui watter soort probleme vertalers met bestaande vertalende vakwoordeboeke het. Daarna word die fokus geplaas op die leksikografiese behoeftes van en vereistes wat professionele vertalers aan vertalende vakwoordeboeke stel. Laastens word 'n teoreties gefundeerde model ontwikkel vir die beplanning en opstel van vertalende vakwoordeboeke wat aan 'n wye reeks eiesoortige probleme aandag gee en aan die spesifieke behoeftes van professionele vertalers voldoen. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although dictionaries are aimed at specific target users, lexicography has only made a very limited contribution to developing resources for translators. Existing language for special purposes dictionaries (LSP dictionaries) in particular show very little evidence of a theoretical foundation and even less evidence of recognising the needs of one of the most typical user groups, namely the professional translator. As a user group translators have distinctive needs and they are therefore in need of dictionaries specifically targeting these needs. In this dissertation the development of lexicography with specific reference to LSP lexicography and the most important role players in the field as well as the development of translation theory which includes the linguistic, text linguistic and functionalistic approaches to translation and the various role players with regard to each of these approaches are dealt with first. Furthermore the problem of equivalence with regard to translation theory as well as lexicography are also investigated. Thereafter attention is given to the dictionary user, the user perspective and the different dictionary functions that should be kept in mind during the planning and compilation of dictionaries. Translators as dictionary users are also explored and the type of problems translators have with existing translation LSP dictionaries is indicated. Then the focus falls on the lexicographical needs and requirements that professional translators have with regard to translation LSP dictionaries. Lastly a theoretically founded model is developed for the planning and compilation of translation LSP dictionaries that address a wide range of problems and meet the specific needs of professional translators.

Thesis (DLitt (Ancient Studies))--University of Stellenbsoch, 2008. / Two main problems that confront existing Biblical Hebrew (BH) dictionaries can be identified. Firstly, there is a lack of adequate semantic models for the analysis and description of lexemes. Secondly, data is structured in ways that do not enhance optimal retrieval of desired information from the dictionary. The failure to take cognizance of the insights from theoretical lexicography partly explains the state of BH dictionaries. This investigation hypothesizes that current insights from theoretical lexicography can improve existing lexica and create better ones. Accumulated insights from the academic community have resulted in the formulation of a theory of lexicography or metalexicography. In this light, a general lexicographic theory of components and structures of dictionaries is selected and investigated in order to establish the aspects of BH that can be improved. The point of departure is the notion of “dictionary criticism”, which focuses on the critical evaluation of existing dictionaries with the goal of improving them. Though there are other approaches to assess lexica critically, theoretical lexicography provides justified heuristics for an objective appraisal of BH dictionaries. These heuristic include notions of “frame structure”, “lexicographic function,” and “microstructure.” The frame structure focuses on the structural components of the dictionary book. The lexicographic function places emphasis on the goals that the dictionary purports to fulfill in the light of its target users. The microstructure hosts the data that is provided as part of the lexicographic treatment of the lemma sign. In addition, it is the centre of user’s look up activities, and it hosts other important structural components. The above selected notions directly affect the extent to which the user benefits from the dictionary and the success of the dictionary in general. The criticism of selected BH dictionaries in the light of the above-mentioned reveals that most dictionaries fall short in certain critical areas. Data types that are provided are either unnecessary or are not structured in ways that allow optimal and successful retrieval of desired information. Such inadequacies present evidence that existing BH dictionaries can benefit from the insights of theoretical lexicography. A model that seeks to ameliorate BH dictionaries is developed primarily for Bible translators based on selected insights from theoretical lexicography. A trial of this model of BH lexemes that are selected from different lexical classes demonstrates improved lexica in terms of the lexicographic function, the selection, and the organization of data. The trial of the model also highlights areas that need further investigation in the light of current trends in theoretical lexicography in order to better the quality of BH dictionaries.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics

Originally presented as the author's Thesis (doctoral--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [309]-336) and index.