This case study investigates what factors are important during the business intelligence implementation, and also how those factors affect the perception of the BI project according to the end-users. The study was conducted as a qualitative single case study where the data was mainly collected using semi-structured interviews in two rounds. The studied case was a proof of concept project in an international company, where they implemented business intelligence within the procurement function in three of their subsidiaries to determine if they would implement BI in the whole group. During the first round of interviews, three factors were identified as important namely, ownership, involvement and evaluation. During the second round, the end-users expressed some deficiencies that could be improved in regard to the three factors. The study concludes that the factors ownership, involvement and evaluation were important even though evaluation was the only factor that affected the end-users’ perception of the implementation. However, their acceptance of the project was not affected due to the fact that they had expressed such a strong need for BI a long time before the project.

This research is focused on how the Information System TAXISnet and other new  eServices have managed to assist citizens of Greece fulfill basic related tasks, during the  COVID19 pandemic. It is, also, trying to explore and study how these unique  circumsta nces accelerated the digital transformation of Greece during this period. This  approach has been considered by the author as an interesting aspect of the subject, due  to awareness for egovernment the digital immaturity of Greece and the lack of  citizens’ services before the COVID19 pandemic. COVID 19 has been a strong motivator  for the Greek government to create and apply a lot of updates and new features in its  information systems. There has been a large effort from the government to re servic es  and link them with the main system, to-- design old simplify procedures and as a result  to improve the end user’s experience. This study will explore, from an end user’s  perspective ‘if’ and ‘what’ changes occurred and how the users have been influenced by  the actio ns of the government. A qualitative research has been conducted and five  interviews have been analyzed in order to extract the empirical data and reach to  specific results. The respondents’ experiences enriched the analysis and interesting  outputs will be presented and described in this research. It was proven that citizens  indeed used TAXISnet more during the pandemic, they enriched their knowledge of the  system and mentioned positive feedback related to the provided assistance, while issues  and proposed u pdates were also discussed.

The growth of the web increased dramatically when users were provided with applications that let them use just their browser to post and edit content on the World Wide Web. Offering users the ability to use their browser to create their own web applications, instead of just posting text and images, would cause another Internet evolution. This thesis describes the EXPPO system (Extensible Page Productions and Operations), a web application development environment for both end-users and technical-users. EXPPO leverages the end-user's previous experience with internet browsers by using a page based development experience or a Page Oriented Architecture. Because applications are structured in this architecture, components used in one application can be re-used by another, providing end-users with functionality that was created by more technical users. This thesis demonstrates how the EXPPO development environment can be used to create functionally rich web applications.

Managing water in urban areas is an ever increasingly complex challenge. Technology enables sustainable urban water management and with integrated smart metering solutions, massive amounts of water consumption data from the end users can be collected. However, the possibility of generating data from the end user holds no value in itself. It is with the use of data analysis the vast amount of the collected data can provide more insightful information creating potential benefits. It is recognized that a deeper understanding of the end user could potentially provide benefits for operational managers as well as for the end users. A single case study of a data set containing high frequency end user water consumption data from rental apartments has been conducted, where the data set was analyzed in order to see what possible information that could be extracted and interpreted based on an exploratory data analysis (EDA). Furthermore, an interview with the operational manager of the buildings under study as well as a literature review have been carried out in order to understand how the gathered data is used today and to which contexts it could be extrapolated to provide potential benefits at a building level. The results suggests that the EDA is a powerful method approach when starting out without strong preconception of the data under study and have successfully revealed patterns and a fundamental understanding of the data and its structure. Through analysis, variations over time, water consumption patterns and excessive water users have been identified as well as a leak identification process. Even more challenging than to make meaning of the data is to trigger actions, decisions and measures based on the data analysis. The unveiled information could be applied for an improved operational building management, to empower the customers, for business and campaign opportunities as well as for an integrated decision support system. To summarize, it is concluded that the usage of smart water metering data holds an untapped opportunity to save water, energy as well as money. In the drive towards a more sustainable and smarter city, smart water meter data from end users have the potential to enable smarter building management as well as smarter water services.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry is one of the most energy consuming industries in the world. With the increase of the number of global mobile traffic users which is growing rapidly for each year, it is more important than ever for all industries to implement energy efficient methods to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis looks into Ericsson, one of the largest companies within ICT, and how their energy efficient methods in LTE impact the end-users. The experiment was conducted in an Ericsson laboratory in Lund and the results showed that some quality of service metrics (latency,throughput, etc.) were impacted by the different energy efficient features enabled. However, performing a mean opinion score showed that the end-users were not as affected while browsing through different sites and streaming videos in 720p. While the experiment was performed on a smaller scale (4 User Equipments and 3 end-users) the result was promising enough for it to be conducted on a larger scale in the future. With enough data Ericsson and other ICT companies can be able to convince mobile operators to enable more energy efficient features (without it having any impact on the end-users) while fighting the climate change.

Our internet makes data storage and sharing more convenient. An increasing amount of privacy data is being stored on different application platforms, so the security of these data has become a public concern. The European Council General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) put forward clear requirements for application platforms to give back end- users data control, and the regulations came into force in May 2018. However, there is still a lack of low- cost, easy- to-manage user data control framework in the application platform, especially for startups. To address the problem, I apply Amazon Cognito to provide user account management and monitor. Therefore, I store the user information (e.g., username, email) registered on the web application in Cognito to achieve user authentication. I also associate the web application with Amazon Web Services (AWS) Application Programming Interface (API) Gateway to implement the data control operations on the web application to the AWS DynamoDB database. The final result proves that the framework can successfully implement data control operations on the end- user data under the requirements of GDPR. Meanwhile, all data operation results can be displayed in real- time on the web application and can be used in the corresponding AWS service to monitor. / Vårt internet gör datalagring och delning bekvämare. En ökande mängd känslig användardata lagras på olika applikationsplattformar, så säkerheten för dessa data har blivit en allmän angelägenhet. Europeiska rådets GDPR presenterade tydliga krav på att applikationsplattformar ska returnera slutanvändarnas datakontroller och de förordningar som trädde i kraft i maj 2018. Det saknas dock fortfarande ett billigt, lättanvänt hanteringsramverk för användarna samt datakontroll i applikationsplattformen, särskilt för startups. För att lösa problemet använder jag Amazon Cognito för att hantera och övervaka användarkonton. Därför lagrar jag användarinformationen (t.ex. användarnamn, epost) som är registrerad i webbapplikationen i Cognito för att uppnå användarautentisering. Jag associerar också webbapplikationen med AWS API Gateway för att implementera datakontrollåtgärderna på webbapplikationen till AWS DynamoDB- databasen. Det slutliga resultatet visar att ramverket framgångsrikt kan implementera datahanteringsoperationer på slutanvändardata i enlighet med kraven i GDPR. Under tiden kan alla datadriftresultat visas i realtid i webbapplikationen och kan därmed användas i motsvarande AWS- tjänst för att monitorera.

[EN] Model-Driven Development (MDD) promotes models as the cornerstone in the software development process, thereby displacing source code as the development process's main feature. Although this model-centric schema claims advantages over traditional software development (e.g., the code could be automatically generated from the models), it does not have the level of adoption that has been expected. The literature review reveals a broad agreement in the fact that end-users may develop and adapt systems themselves but the complexity in modeling standards and the lack of modeling skills prevents their active involvement in modeling tasks of existing MDD processes. To overcome this, end-users should be provided with different modeling languages that use concepts, which fit their particular skills, context and needs. This challenge is the main goal of this thesis, which is addressed by combining the End-user Development and the Model-Driven Development fields. This work starts with the involvement of end-users into the modeling tasks using a tool-supported visual modeling language that allows end-users to select and customize system features of pervasive systems using closer concepts for them. Afterwards, this thesis shows the necessity of enriching existing MDD processes for supporting the development of a new generation of software systems (e.g., smart health) that require expertise in a variety of domains. Consequently, different types of users (e.g., scientists, engineers and end-users) must actively participate in the description of model fragments that depend on their expertise using a different modeling language. Thus, users are able to collaborate to obtain a unified system description. At this point, it becomes necessary to provide mechanisms that transforms models fragments from one modeling language to another, delimits which model fragments are described by a different user, and integrates those model fragments. To provide this, the presented approach encompasses variability management in a novel way to enable collaborative modeling by supporting both the selection of model fragments of the system that may be described using a different modeling language, and the integration of those model fragments once they are described. Furthermore, interoperability mechanisms bridge two different modeling languages in a non-intrusive way with the structure of models by transforming the description of gaps. Thus, our proposal could enrich models of existing MDD processes with model fragments that have been described using a different modeling language, which could make users feel confident to adopt models for describing domain-specific content and could help to adopt MDD processes. The proposal has been validated in three case studies from different levels of complexity and domains: smart home systems, web information systems, and biomechanical protocols. The results have proven the applicability and feasibility of our approach to actively involve different types of users (end- users with software professionals, domain experts with software development experts, and doctors with biomedical engineers, respectively) in model descriptions of existing MDD processes using a different modeling language. / [ES] En el Desarrollo de Software Dirigido por Modelos (DSDM) los modelos son la piedra angular del proceso de desarrollo de software, desplazando así al código fuente como artefacto principal. Aunque este enfoque centrado en modelos ofrece ventajas sobre el desarrollo de software tradicional (por ejemplo, la generación de código de forma automática a partir de los modelos) no tiene el nivel de adopción esperado. La literatura científica revela un amplio acuerdo en el hecho de que los usuarios finales puedan ellos mismos desarrollar y adaptar los sistemas pero la complejidad de los estándares de modelado y la carencia de habilidades de modelado impide su participación activa en procesos DSDM existentes. Para lograrlo, los usuarios finales deben disponer de lenguajes de modelado diferentes con conceptos adaptados a sus habilidades, contexto y necesidades. Este desafío es el objetivo principal de esta tesis que se aborda combinando las ideas del desarrollo orientado al usuario final y el DSDM. Este trabajo comienza involucrando usuarios finales en tareas de modelado con una herramienta que les proporciona un lenguaje de modelado visual para seleccionar y personalizar características de un sistema pervasivo utilizando conceptos familiares para ellos. Después, esta tesis motiva la necesidad de enriquecer procesos de DSDM existentes para soportar el desarrollo de una nueva generación de sistemas software (por ejemplo, salud inteligente) que requieren conocimientos especializados en una variedad de dominios. Consecuentemente, diferentes tipos de usuarios (por ejemplo, científicos, ingenieros y usuarios finales) deben participar activamente en la descripción de fragmentos de modelos que dependen de su experiencia utilizando un lenguaje de modelado diferente. De este modo, los usuarios pueden colaborar para obtener una descripción del sistema unificada. En este punto, es necesario proporcionar mecanismos que transformen e integren los fragmentos de un lenguaje de modelado a otro y delimiten qué fragmentos se describen por un usuario diferente. Para proporcionar esto, la propuesta presentada utiliza la gestión de variabilidad de forma novedosa para permitir modelado colaborativo seleccionando fragmentos de un modelo del sistema que pueden ser descritos utilizando un lenguaje de modelado diferente y, la integración de esos fragmentos una vez que hayan sido descritos. Además, la propuesta utiliza mecanismos de interoperabilidad para conectar dos lenguajes de modelado diferentes transformando la descripción de los fragmentos de una manera no invasiva con su estructura. Por tanto, nuestra propuesta puede enriquecer los modelos de procesos DSDM existentes con fragmentos de modelos que han sido descritos con un lenguaje diferente y esto, podría hacer que los usuarios se sientan seguros al adoptar modelos para describir contenido de dominio específico y podría ayudar a adoptar procesos DSDM. La propuesta ha sido validada en tres casos de estudio con diferentes niveles de complejidad y dominios: sistemas para el hogar inteligente, sistemas de información web y protocolos biomecánicos. Los resultados han demostrado la aplicabilidad y viabilidad de nuestra propuesta para involucrar diferentes tipos de usuarios (usuarios finales con profesionales de software, expertos en el dominio con expertos en desarrollo de software y, médicos con ingenieros biomédicos, respectivamente) en descripciones de modelos de procesos DSDM existentes utilizando un lenguaje de modelado diferente. / [CA] En el Desenvolupament de Programari Dirigit per Models (DPDM) els models són la pedra angular del procés de desenvolupament de programari, desplaçant així al codi font com a artefacte principal. Encara que aquest enfocament centrat en models ofereix avantatges sobre el desenvolupament de programari tradicional (per exemple, la generació de codi de forma automàtica a partir dels models) no té el nivell d'adopció esperat. La literatura científica revela un ampli acord en el fet que els usuaris finals puguen ells mateixos desenvolupar i adaptar els sistemes però la complexitat dels estàndards de modelatge i la falta d'habilitats de modelatge impedeix la seua participació activa en processos DPDM existents. Per a aconseguir-ho, els usuaris finals han de disposar de llenguatges de modelatge diferents amb conceptes adaptats a les seues habilitats, context i necessitats. Aquest desafiament és l'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi que s'aborda combinant les idees del desenvolupament orientat a l'usuari final i el DPDM. Aquest treball comença involucrant usuaris finals en tasques de modelatge amb una eina que els proporciona un llenguatge de modelatge visual que permet als usuaris finals seleccionar i personalitzar característiques d'un sistema pervasiu utilitzant conceptes familiars per a ells. Després, aquesta tesi motiva la necessitat d'enriquir processos de DPDM existents per a suportar el desenvolupament d'una nova generació de sistemes programari (per exemple, salut intel¿ligent) que requereixen coneixements especialitzats en una varietat de dominis. Conseqüentment, diferents tipus d'usuaris (per exemple, científics, enginyers i usuaris finals) han de participar activament en la descripció de fragments de models que depenen de la seua experiència utilitzant un llenguatge de modelatge diferent. D'aquesta manera, els usuaris poden col¿laborar per a obtenir una descripció del sistema unificada. En aquest punt, és necessari proporcionar mecanismes que transformen i integren els fragments d'un llenguatge de modelatge a un altre i delimiten quins fragments es descriuen per un usuari diferent. Per a proporcionar açò, la proposta presentada utilitza la gestió de variabilitat de forma nova per a permetre modelatge col.laboratiu seleccionant fragments d'un model del sistema que poden ser descrits utilitzant un llenguatge de modelatge diferent i, la integració d'aqueixos fragments una vegada que hagen sigut descrits. A més, la proposta utilitza mecanismes d'interoperabilitat per a connectar dos llenguatges de modelatge diferents transformant la descripció dels fragments d'una manera no invasiva amb la seua estructura. Per tant, la nostra proposta pot enriquir els models de processos DPDM existents amb fragments de models que han sigut descrits amb un llenguatge diferent i açò, podria fer que els usuaris se senten segurs en adoptar models per a descriure contingut de domini específic i podria ajudar a adoptar processos DPDM. La proposta ha sigut validada en tres casos d'estudi amb diferents nivells de complexitat i dominis: sistemes per a la llar intel¿ligent, sistemes d'informació web i protocols biomecànics. Els resultats han demostrat l'aplicabilitat i viabilitat de la nostra proposta per a involucrar diferents tipus d'usuaris (usuaris finals amb professionals de programari, experts en el domini amb experts en desenvolupament de programari i, metges amb enginyers biomèdics, respectivament) en descripcions de models de processos DPDM existents utilitzant un llenguatge de modelatge diferent. / Pérez Pérez, MF. (2015). Achieving non-intrusive interoperability between models for involving users in modeling tasks [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/58429

Cette thèse traite du problème du développement d'espaces intelligents par l'utilisateur final sous l'angle de l'Interaction Homme-Machine et de l'Intelligence Ambiante. Dans les processus actuels de développement, l'utilisateur est un consommateur contraint par un système pensé et réalisé par d'autres. L'objectif de cette thèse est de redonner le pouvoir à l'utilisateur final par le biais d'outils adaptés au développement d'espaces intelligents. Cette thèse retient l'habitat intelligent comme lieu de vie privilégié. Ses contributions incluent : (1) DisQo (Dispositifs du QuOtidien), une nouvelle méthode d'investigation des besoins, réalisable au domicile de familles, qui sollicite l'imagination et assure un juste équilibre entre contrôle expérimental, respect de la sphère privée et validité écologique des résultats ; (2) Un espace de classification pour une lecture comparative systématique et synthétique des outils portant sur le développement et la programmation d'habitats intelligents. Cette taxonomie met en évidence le peu d'avancées en édition multisyntaxe de même pour l'aide à la mise au point de programmes ; (3) KISS (Knit Your Ideas into Smart Spaces), un outil de programmation et de mise au point dont le langage de programmation est de type déclaratif orienté règles, avec potentiel d'égale opportunité syntaxique entre langue française pseudonaturelle (LPN) et langage visuel iconique. La technique d'interaction de construction des programmes LPN s'appuie sur l'utilisation de menus dont les options sont calculées dynamiquement assurant ainsi la découverte progressive du langage ainsi que l'extensibilité et la correction syntaxique et sémantique des programmes. La mise au point peut se pratiquer, au choix, dans le monde physique ou dans un monde dual numérique. L'évaluation de KISS dans DOMUS, un habitat intelligent d'expérimentation, montre que les utilisateurs parviennent à programmer un scénario réaliste de la vie réelle. / This dissertation addresses the problem of end-user development for smart spaces from a human-computer interaction perspective in the context of ambient intelligence. End-users are currently doomed to be consumers of systems that have been designed and implemented by others. The goal of this thesis is to provide end-users with tools that will enable them to develop their own smart spaces. This work focuses on the home as a key place for smartness. The contribution of this doctoral research is threefold: (1) DisQo, a new method for field studies that combines several techniques to reach a satisfying balance between experimental control, privacy issues, and ecological validity. Its key element is for observers to be able to “visit” people homes through the pictures of intimate objects taken by the participants themselves and to use these pictures as playful cultural probes to envision future use; (2) A problem space that makes explicit the functional coverage (as well as the limits) of the tools from the state of the art in the area of end-user development for smart homes. In particular, the problem space reveals a lack of support for multi-syntax editing as well as for testing and debugging programs; (3) KISS (Knit your Ideas into Smart Spaces), an end-user development tool that uses a declarative rule-based programming paradigm where programs are expressed in a French pseudo-natural language with potentiality for syntactic equal opportunity with an iconic visual language. Programs are constructed by selecting items from pull down menus that are dynamically updated with the functionalities of the smart home. By so doing, the end-user can learn the programming language incrementally and specify programs that are semantically and syntactically correct. Programs can be tested either in a virtual home or in a real home. The evaluation of KISS in the DOMUS experimental platform, shows that users are able to program a real-life scenario.

In current times, to function successfully in the work environment, the ability to use a computer is essential. The introduction of computers into organisations has often met with resistance. The reason for this resistance must be identified and overcome if businesses are to realise the productivity gains of full computer usage. On the basis of the abovementioned problem the objective of this study is to test the relationship between age, sex, locus of control and personality type and attitudes toward computer use. A theoretical investigation was carried out to gather information on the variables under study which was used to compare with the results of the empirical study. From this study of 68 white collar respondents from a financial institution it can, in general, be concluded that peoples' attitude toward the personal use of computers is positive and not affected by the individual variables tested. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

L'utilisation croissante des sites en web 2.0 sur internet a favorisé l'utilisation des outils du Web 2.0 par de nombreuses organisations à travers le monde. L’un des outils les plus largement utilisés aujourd’hui dans les organisations est la technologie Wiki, et ce tout particulièrement dans la gestion de projet. Parce qu’un nombre croissant d’organisations déploie des systèmes Wiki et que le Web 2.0 fait encore l’objet d’un véritable battage médiatique, il est important de travailler sur ces technologies collaboratives et de mesurer leur succès en termes d’utilisation dans l’environnement de l’organisation. Cette étude traite de l’utilisation de la technologie Wiki dans les entreprises et du besoin de développer cette technologie. Il s’agit également de déterminer comment mesurer le succès des systèmes wiki internes du point de vue des « end-users ». La littérature sur les systèmes Wiki publics et d’entreprise est également présentée. Cette étude propose un modèle théorique de recherche sur le succès des wikis internes des entreprises, fondé sur la précédente théorie sur le succès des systèmes d’information. Enfin, le modèle proposé est testée empiriquement et les déterminants importants du succès des wikis interne des entreprises sont présentés / With the ever increasing use of Web 2.0 sites on the internet, the use of Web 2.0 based tools has been employed by the organizations across the globe. One of the most widely used Web 2.0 tool in organizations is the wiki technology particularly in project management. Since growing number of organisations are deploying wiki systems as Web 2.0 still remains a hype, it is important to investigate into these collaborative technologies and measure the success in corporate environment usage. In this study, we discuss the use of Wiki technology in the enterprise setting, the need for wiki deployment and how can we measure the success of corporate wiki systems from end-user’s perspective. The literature on corporate and public wiki systems is also presented. The paper presents a theoretical research model of enterprise wiki systems’ success based on the previous IS success theory. Finally, the research model of corporate Wiki success is empirically tested and the important determinants of corporate Wiki systems are presented