Simulation is one of the best Analytical tools for Building Research .Energy Efficient Buildings are of great concern which is gaining importance steeply in this energy scarcity’s world. Selected for the thesis work is a small Office building (Mariannelund), located in Jönköping. The building is single-storied with 26 rooms. The study motive involves Energy Survey and to provide, investigate Energy conservation measures. The Energy simulation software used is the IDA indoor climate and energy 3.0. (ICE).Data included was from the provided (Specifications) and with the review of architectural drawings. Energy saving measures was analyzed, documented with respect to their feasibility and practical operational strategies. Measures concerning the modifications in the building envelope; retrofit insulation, shading devices and other improvements leading to savings of energy have been tested and are supplemented with results. The Proposed Model which is with the combined Energy saving measures yields annual energy savings of about 70% and also working efficiency is increased by 37% compared to the existing building’s Baseline model.Considering the economic aspects together with the thermal response of employees the analyzed energy saving measures are highly recommended.

<p>This thesis summarises the work performed within the project known as ICE-COOL at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) on low tem-perature applications of ice slurry. The ICE-COOL project is a Euro-pean Community funded project within the 5th Framework Program. The task given to KTH was to find and characterize the best possible aqueous solution with a freezing point of -25 °C applicable for ice slurry with an operating temperature of -35 °C. The circumstances differ for low temperature ice slurry from medium temperature as a result of for example the change in thermo-physical properties due to increased addi-tive concentration and the lower temperature.</p><p>Ice slurry is a mixture of fine ice crystals, water and freezing point de-pressant additives. The typical ice crystal size ranges between 0.1 to 1 mm in diameter. The main purpose of using ice slurries is to take advan-tage of the latent heat. More than a few requirements are to be fulfilled by an ideal ice slurry fluid. It should have good thermo-physical proper-ties, high heat transport and transfer abilities, as well as low pressure drop to facilitate small pumping power. The ice content of ice slurry af-fects all the mentioned abilities. Apart from the mentioned factors of the fluid, there are other aspects that have to be taken into consideration such as environmental pollution and toxicity, flammability, material compatibility, corrosion, handling security and cost.</p><p>This thesis reports on the experiences accomplished and the initial ex-periments performed on low temperature ice slurry. The thesis also gives the background and fundamentals necessary for a discussion and com-parison of different aqueous fluids suitable for ice slurry in general and for low temperature in particular. In addition to the low temperature ap-plication, the thesis also reports on an initial energy consumption com-parison between using ice slurry and single-phase fluid in supermarkets by means of the simulation program CyberMart developed by Jaime Arias at the Department of Energy Technology at KTH.</p>

<p>Detta examensarbete har genomförts på Volvo Aero i Trollhättan och består av tre delar: en kartläggning av processventilationens uppbyggnad på ett antal utvalda maskiner och beräkning av dess energiåtgång, en jämförelse ur energieffektivitetssynpunkt mellan ett nyutvecklat maskinkoncept som kallas MultiTask-Cell och traditionell tillverkning, sist har en tomgångsanalys gjorts i verkstaden för att identifiera vad som använder elenergi då ingen produktion sker.</p><p>För att kunna genomföra uppgifterna har mätningar av elanvändningen gjorts på både maskinnivå och transformatorer, detta för att kunna beräkna energianvändning på utvalda maskiner och även få en helhetssyn över verkstadens energianvändning. Det har även gjorts datainsamling och intervjuer för att få grepp över processventilationens funktion och uppbyggnad.</p><p>Det finns två varianter på processluften, ett där konstant relativt högt luftflöde används och ett när man genom varvtalsreglering av fläkten använder ett lägre grundflöde som forceras en viss tid vid spindelstopp. Ur energisynpunkt är metoden med grundflöde och forcering att föredra då det leder till både mindre energiförluster genom processluften och en stor minskning av fläktens elbehov. Det har även räknats ut en teoretisk energibesparing vid införande av värmeåtervinning för två maskingrupperingar.</p><p>Jämförelsen mellan MultiTask-cellen och traditionella maskiner har gjorts genom att mäta den energi det krävs för att tillverka en detalj för respektive tillverkningssätt. MultiTask-cellen visade sig använda cirka 25 % mindre energi än de traditionella maskinerna för tillverkning av samma typ av detalj.</p><p>Tomgångsanalysen visar på ett högt effektuttag även då det ej sker någon produktion på Volvo Aero. Detta beror till stor del på att maskinerna har en relativt hög tomgångsförbrukning. Denna krävs för att hålla maskinen varm vilket ger en så problemfri uppstart som möjligt. Att byta ut allmänbelysningens armatur till nyare och modernare skulle årligen ge en betydande energibesparing.</p>

Drying laundry has become a huge consuming factor of energy in residential areas through drying machines as tumble dryers and cabinet dryers. In USA the increasing use of drying machines in households increased from 40% during the 1970 to 80% in the 1990, which correspond to a usage of approximately 76 million drying machines. The European market for drying cabinets is not huge. It is mainly Scandinavia that is using cabinet dryers for drying laundry these days. Nowadays cabinet dryers that use hoses to evacuate humid air out the building are developed in the market. Asko Cylinda AB has developed a new condenser cabinet dryer out of a regular cabinet dryer. With the new condenser cabinet dryer no hoses are required because the drying process take place in a closed recirculation system. Several openings at the back of the condenser cabinet dryer make it possible to dry laundry horizontal in different sections. In this thesis the condenser cabinet dryer has been studied in a simulation program that is called Comsol MultiPhysics. A 2-dimensonal model was created where the airflow patterns and temperature distribution in the dryer was simulated. On the basis from the basic model of the dryer several modifications was created to attain knowledge of which modifications contributes to an improved airflow pattern. The temperature distribution in the condenser cabinet dryer is uneven in the sections according to the simulations the air distribution is good in section 2 and 3 in the basic model. The factor that has the largest impact on the air distribution is the air stream that flows up at the back inside the cabinet, the air stream restrains a part of the hot air jet from the openings at the back. Case 1.1 is the modification that created the best airflow profile, which contributed to an even temperature distribution. In the modification the textiles were used to cover up the space at the back of the cabinet to eliminate the air stream to flow up between the textile and the openings. The effect transport between the textile and the air increased with 50 % at several sections when the modification was carried out according to case 1.1. This study is a good basis for further studies in simulation of airflow and temperature distribution in the condenser cabinet dryer. The next step in the study is to create a 3-dimensional model of the cabinet. With this study the 3-D model could be accomplished easier by using parameters from the 2-D model as data on the boundaries. By doing so the system could be delimited, this would reduce the use of computer capacity. / Torkning av kläder har med tiden utvecklats till att bli en stor faktor av energiförbrukning i bostadsområden genom maskiner som bl. a. torktumlare och torkskåp. I USA ökade användningen av torkmaskiner i hushåll från 40% under 1970 till 80% i 1990, vilket motsvarar en användning av ca 76 miljoner torkmaskiner. Marknaden för torkskåp är inte stor i Europa. Det är främst Norden som använder torkskåp för torkning av kläder. I dagsläget tillverkas s.k. avluftarskåp, d.v.s. det krävs en slang ut ur huset för att evakuera den fuktiga luften. Asko Cylinda AB har på senare tid utvecklat ett nytt kondensorskåp av ett sådant avluftarskåp. Med det nya kondensorskåpet behövs det inte någon evakueringsslang ut ur huset eftersom torkningen sker i ett recirkulerande system. Gälarna i bakkanten av torkskåpet möjliggör plantorkning eftersom luften skickas in i flera sektioner. I uppsatsen har kondensorskåpet studerats i ett simuleringsprogram som kallas Comsol MultiPhysics. En 2-dimensionell modell skapades där bl.a. luftströmningsbilden och temperaturfördelningen i skåpet simulerades. Utifrån grundmodellen skapades ett antal modifieringar på kondensorskåpet för att erhålla kunskap om vilka modifieringar som ger bättre luftflödesbilder. Temperaturfördelningen i kondensorskåpet är ojämn enligt simuleringarna då luftdistributionen är bäst i sektion 2 och 3 i grundmodellen. Faktorn som har störst påverkan på luftströmningsprofilen är den uppströmmande luften vid baksidan av skåpet, luften bromsar upp den varma luftstrålen ut från gälarna. Fall 1.1 är modifieringen som skapa den bästa luftströmningsprofilen vilket bidrog med en jämnare temperatur-fördelning. I modifieringen användes textilerna för att täppa igen ytorna vid baksidan av kondensorskåpet för att eliminera uppströmmande luft framför gälarna. Effekttransporten mellan textilen och luften ökade med upp till 50 % på flera sektioner då grunduppställningen modifierades enligt fall 1.1. Studien i denna rapport är ett bra underlag för fortsatta studier inom simulering av luftströmningen och temperaturfördelningen i kondensorskåpet. Nästa steg i studien är att konstruera en 3-dimensionell modell av skåpet. Med hjälp av den här studien kan en 3-D modell underlättas genom att använda parametrar från 2-D modellen som indata på randvillkor. Genom det kan systemet avgränsas för att minimera 3-D modellens konsumtion av dataminne.

In order to reduce the discharge of the greenhouse gas CO2, the use of biomass is nowadays promoted as fuel in boilers. Compared to boilers fired with coal and oil the biomass-fired boilers have more complications related to both fouling and corrosion on the heat transfer surfaces. After the combustion, unburned inorganic matter in state of vapour, melts and solid particles are transported in the flue gas and may form deposits on heat transfer surfaces. Deposits on the heat transfer surfaces may result in both increasing corrosion and decreasing boiler efficiency as the heat transfer rate to the superheaters and reheaters decrease by deposits. In order to understand the process of deposit build-up, the whole combustion and transport process had to be analysed including aspects such as, boiler design, fuel properties and combustion environment, followed by particle transport phenomena and the probability for particles to get stuck on the heat transfer tubes. In this thesis numerical simulation of particle trajectories has been conducted as well as measurements of deposits on a special designed deposit probe followed by investigation of on-site measurements of deposit depth on the super-heater tubes in a circulating fluidised bed in Västerås, Sweden. Numerical simulations of particle trajectories in the vicinity of two super-heater tubes were conducted in an Eulerian-Lagrangian mode considering the flue gas and ash particles phase. Particle impingements on the tubes were investigated for different particle sizes. The results from the particle trajectory simulations show that particle larger than 10 µm will mainly impinge on the windward side of the first tube but, however also on the sides of the second tube in the flue gas flow direction. In theory as well as from observations and measurements two tubes can merge together by the deposit build-up. Smaller particles are usually more dispersed due to turbulence and thermophorectic forces, resulting in a more even impingement distribution on the whole surface of the tubes. Probe measurements reveal that the deposit layer growth rate have a significant temperature and time dependence. After the initial deposit build-up a sintering process occurs and sintering is also proven to be dependent on temperature and exposure time. Soot-blowing is the most common method to reduce the effect of deposits on the heat transfer tubes. In the present thesis the soot boiling efficiency is therefore also investigated. The soot-blowing show a strong positive effect on the heat transfer rate in a short time (hours) perspective after a soot-blowing cycle is completed. This positive effect is much weaker when considering a time period of three years. This is an effect of fact that soot-blowing mostly remove the loose part of the deposit material leaving the hard sintered part unaffected. The subject of deposit build up on superheater tubes in large scale boilers involves multi-discipline knowledge and historically, the related research is mostly conducted as measurements and experiments on operating plants. Possibly in the future, theoretical simulations will have a bigger part of research on deposit build-up where the calculations are to be calibrated through measurements on real sites plants.

Effective use of resources is essential in the development towards a sustainable industry. Waste products, such as sludge from industrial waste water treatment, often contain valuable reserves of plant nutrients but this resource is nonetheless commonly disposed of as contaminated waste.  Approximately 1 500 ton phosphorus per year is added in biological waste water treatment at the Swedish pulp and paper industries and this non-renewable resource thereby ends up in their so called biosludge. The most common way to discard the sludge is by incineration. Besides the high levels of phosphorus, the biosludge usually contains high levels of moisture and ash forming elements, sulfur and chlorine, which makes it a rather problematic fuel. The aim with this study was to investigate different aspects on ash transformation chemistry during co-combustion of biosludge, from the pulp and paper mill SCA Packaging Obbola AB, with wood fuels and wheat straw. The phosphorus recovery potential, and the effects on deposit formation and emissions,  were examined by SEM-EDS- and XRD-analysis of ash from co-combustion experiments. The experimental results were complemented with theoretical analysis based on thermochemical equilibrium calculations. The biosludge from SCA Obbola contained high levels of Ca which had a large impact on the ash transformation reactions. Most of the phosphorus from the fuels stayed in the solid ash during combustion, and in all ash assortments, except for the pure wood fuel, it was primarily found in the crystalline structure whitlockite, Ca9(K,Mg,Fe)(PO4)7. Hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH, was identified in ash from combustion of the pure wood fuel and wheat straw, and in the mixture of biosludge and wood fuels with the lowest proportion of sludge. Of the two phosphorus compounds, hydroxyapatite is more difficult to break down. It is therefore promising from a phosphorus recovery perspective that whitlockite was the main phosphorus compound in most of the ash assortments. Some of the sulfur in the sludge reacted with Ca and formed solid CaSO4, which stayed in solid ash during combustion, while chlorine generally left the bottom ash by volatilization. K- and Si-rich agricultural residues, such as wheat straw, are associated with a number of ash-related problems, including deposit formation due to low ash-melting points. During co-combustion of biosludge and wheat straw, the melting tendencies of the wheat straw ash elements were examined. According to the thermochemical equilibrium calculations, the composition of the mixed fuels would result in a significantly higher initial slag formation temperature compared to the pure wheat straw. This trend was also observed in the experimental results. It is likely that the relatively high levels of Ca, Al and P in the sludge all contributed to reduced slag formation in the wheat straw ash, by formation of ash compounds with higher melting temperatures. The high calcium levels may however have reduced some of the positive effects of increased P and Al contents by these elements preferably reacting with Ca instead of capturing alkali in crystalline structures.

No description available.

Phase change phenomena of a fluid flowing in a micro channel may be exploited to make the heat exchangers more compact and energy efficient. Compact heat exchangers offer several advantages such as light weight, low cost, energy efficiency, capability of removing high heat fluxes and charge reduction are a few to mention. Phase change phenomena in macro or conventional channels have been investigated since long but in case of micro channels, fewer studies of phase change have been conducted and underlying phenomena during two-phase flow in micro channels are not yet fully understood. It is clear from the literature that the two-phase flow models developed for conventional channels do not perform well when extrapolated to micro scale. In the current thesis, the experimental flow boiling results for micro channels are reported. Experiments were conducted in circular, stainless steel and quartz tubes in both horizontal and vertical orientations. The internal diameters of steel tubes tested were 1.70 mm, 1.224 mm and the diameter of quartz tube tested was 0.781 mm. The quartz tube was coated with a thin, electrically conductive, transparent layer of Indium-Tin-Oxide (ITO) making simultaneous heating and visualization possible. Test tubes were heated electrically using DC power supply. Two refrigerants R134a and R245fa were used as working fluids during the tests. Experiments were conducted at a wide variety of operating conditions. Flow visualization results obtained with quartz tube clearly showed the presence of confinement effects and consequently an early transition to annular flow for micro channels. Several flow pattern images were captured during flow boiling of R134a in quartz tube. Flow patterns recorded during the experiments were presented in the form of Reynolds number versus vapour quality and superficial liquid velocity versus superficial gas velocity plots. Experimental flow pattern maps so obtained were also compared with the other flow pattern maps available in the literature showing a poor agreement. Flow boiling heat transfer results for quartz and steel tubes indicate that the heat transfer coefficient increases with heat flux and system pressure but is independent on mass flux and vapour quality. Experimental flow boiling heat transfer coefficient results were compared with those obtained using different correlations from the literature. Heat transfer experiments with steel tubes were continued up to dryout condition and it was observed that dryout conditions always started close to the exit of the tube. The dryout heat flux increased with mass flux and decreased with exit vapour quality. The dryout data were compared with some well known CHF correlations available in the literature. Two-phase frictional pressure drop for the quartz tube was also obtained under different operating conditions. As expected, two-phase frictional pressure drop increased with mass flux and exit vapour quality. / QC 20101206

Absolicon Solar Collector AB har börjat undersöka möjligheten att snabbt kunna kvalitetssäkrakoncentrerade paraboliska solfångare till sin nya drivlina. Detta genom att beräkna den geometriska formen på tråget utifrån kameror som förs övertråget och detekterar kanterna på det reflekterade receiverröret. Mätdata skickas sedan till en central dator över Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)som sköter beräkningen av trågets geometriska form.Projektet har fått namnet ARGQOS som är en akronym för Absolicon Robotized GeometricalQuantification Ocular System. I projektet skulle åtta stycken identiska kamerahus designas, konstrueras och testas därkameran och datorn för kantdetektionen ska vara monterad. På kamerahuset ska det även finnas LED-belysningen för att kunna kommunicera sin driftstatustill operatören.Även mjukvaran behöver utvecklas för kantigenkännande algoritmer samt för kommunikationtill systemets centraldator över MQTT, där bland annat mätdata och viktig information kommerskickas. Tester har sedan gjorts för att utvärdera kamerahusets funktion där första testet bestod av att utvärdera hårdvaran på kamerahuset. Det andra testet som gjordes var att utvärdera mjukvaranoch ett testschema upprättades för att efterlikna en riktig mätning. Även kommunikationen medcentraldatorn via MQTT testades. I det tredje testet gjordes en riktig mätning av en parabolisk koncentrerade solfångare. Dettaför att se hur mycket av de reflekterade kanterna i solfångaren kunde detekteras samt hur brasolfångaren var genom att räkna ut om varje detekterad punkt träffade receiverröret eller inte. Det fjärde och sista testet som gjordes var för att validera om metoden fungerade genomatt först mäta en defekt solfångare med en laser och se vart den träffade och missadereceiverröret och sedan mäta den med systemet ARGQOS och jämföra resultaten. Testerna visar kamerahusen är väl fungerade i en industriell applikation och att programmetfungerar stabilt med få mindre buggar och mätningar på solfångare kan köras upprepadegånger utan problem. Kamerorna kunde detektera de reflekterade kanterna på nästan hela tråget med fåproblemområden. De visade också att mätningen var känsligt för yttre störningar som kom med i reflektorn påsolfångaren samt systemet är känslig för belysning. I valideringen med den defekta solfångaren kunde man se att lasern och ARGQOS visar sammasak men ytterligare tester behövs göras för att vara helt säker. / Absolicon Solar Collector AB has started to investigate the possibility to implement a quickquality insurance for concentrating parabolic solar collectors to their new power train. This will be done by calculating the geometrical shape on the trough by letting cameras move over the through and detect the edges on the reflected receiver pipe. Measure data will be sent to a central computer through Message Queuing Telemetry Transport(MQTT) that handles the calculation of the troughs geometrical shape. The project has been named ARGQOS and is an acronym for Absolicon Robotized GeometricalQuantification Ocular System. In the project eight identical camera houses should be designed, constructed and tested where the camera and the computer would be mounted. LED-lights should also be located on top of the camera house to communicate the operational status of the unit to the operator. The software also had to be developed for edge recognition algorithms, communication to the system central computer over MQTT, where measure data and other important information will be send. Tests has been made to determine the function of the camera house where the first test consisted of the evaluation of the hardware of the camera house for industrial usage. The second test that was made was the evaluation of the software and a test scheme was established to mimic a real measurement on a concentrated parabolic solar collector. Even the communication with the central computer trough MQTT was tested. In the third test a measurement was done to a real concentrating parabolic solar collector to see how well the reflected edges could be detected. Also the status of the solar collector by calculating if the detected points hit the receiver pipe or not. The fourth and final test that was made was to validate the method by first measure a defect parabolic solar collector with a laser to where the laser hit and missed the receiver pipe and then measure the same solar collector with the system ARGQOS and compare the results. The tests show that the camera houses have the intended function for industrial usage and that the program is working well and is stable with only a few minor bugs. Measurements on parabolic solar collectors can be done repeatedly without any problems. The cameras could detect the reflected edges on almost the whole trough with only a few problem areas. It also displayed that the measurement was sensitive to outer disturbances that was reflected in the trough and the system was sensitive to the ambient light. In the validation test the comparison between the measurement between the system and the laser displayed the same result. More tests need to be performed to be sure that the validation holds.

I Sverige idag är förbränning av avfall med energiåtervinning den primära lösningen för avfall som inte återanvänds eller återvinns. Avfall innehåller en stor variation av material, och med det följer en del drifttekniska problem som kan uppstå i en panna, vilket begränsar pannans effektivitet. Olika grundämnen återfinns i olika avfallsfraktioner och somliga kan orsaka svåra problem med korrosion och beläggningsbildning i värmeöverförande delar nedströms förbränningszonen i en panna. Kraftvärmeindustrin har länge varit medvetna om riskerna till följd av klorrikt bränsle, då klor är ett ämne man vet bidrar till korrosion. Nya material gör dock att höga halter av, för kraftvärmeindustrin, tidigare okända grundämnen kommer in i anläggningarna. Ett av dessa grundämnen är fluor som förekommer bland annat i fluorpolymerer som är kemiskt inerta och hållbara plaster. Fluorpolymerer återfinns i exempelvis sport- och friluftskläder samt köksredskap och produktionen av dessa material bedöms öka kraftigt de närmaste åren.   Syftet med det här arbetet var att genom termodynamiska beräkningar och med förbränningsförsök i bänkskala undersöka fraktionering och sulfatering av fluor under ett antal olika förutsättningar. Fyra bränsleblandningar undersöktes vid förbränning i en 20 kW undermatad pelletsbrännare med rena träpellets dopade med natriumsalt. En blandning innehöll enbart natriumfluorid (NaF), en blandning innehöll enbart natriumklorid (NaCl), en blandning innehöll både NaF och NaCl samt en blandning innehöll NaF, NaCl och svavel. Under förbränningsförsöken noterades halterna av HCl, HF och SO2 i rökgaserna. Efterföljande analys av bottenaska, beläggningar och partiklar i rökgasen genomfördes med SEM/EDS samt XRD-analys. Resultatet visade att fluor verkar ha större benägenhet än klor att stanna i bottenaska, detta bekräftades både genom termodynamiska beräkningar och genom förbränningsförsök. Vidare visade termodynamiska beräkningar att en stor del av det fluor som tillsätts bör hamna i rökgasen som HF. Förbränningsförsöken visade att tillsats av svavel är ett effektivt sätt att minska andelen fluor i beläggningar samt partiklar i rökgasen och att sulfatering av fluorsalter sker vid lägre halter av svavel jämfört med klorsalter. I praktiken innebär detta att om halterna av fluorrikt bränsle ökar i en avfallsförbränningsanläggning bör andelen HF i rökgaserna öka samt att en del av det svavel som återfinns i bränsleblandningen och/eller tillsätts genom additiv kommer i första hand gå åt till sulfatering av fluorsalter om sådana bildas. Om distributionen är likartad om organiskt bundet fluor tillsätts, till exempel genom fluorplast, är inte undersökt i det här arbetet och är något som bör utredas framöver. / Combustion of waste in combined heat- and power plants are the primary solution for waste that is not recycled or reused in Sweden today. Municipal solid waste contains a wide range of ash-forming elements, which could lead to operational problems in the boiler that limits the plant’s efficiency. Different elements are found in different waste fractions, and some can cause severe corrosion problems in heat transferring parts of the boiler. The heat and power industry has been aware of the problems associated with chlorine for a long time, as this is an element that is known to contribute to corrosion. New materials mean that high levels of previously unknown elements for the heat and power industry enters the plants. One of these elements is fluorine which is found in fluoropolymers which are chemically inert plastics. Fluoropolymers are found in sports and outdoor clothing, as well as cookware and a number of other products, and the production of these type of materials is expected to increase significantly over the next few years.   The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution of fluorine by addition of sodium fluoride (NaF) to pure wood pellets. This was done through thermodynamic calculations and bench scale combustion tests. Four fuel mixtures were tested, one containing NaF alone, one containing sodium chloride (NaCl), one containing both NaF and NaCl and one containing NaF, NaCl and sulfur. During combustion tests, the concentrations of HCl, HF and SO2 in the flue gases were logged. Analysis of bottom ash, deposits and particles in the flue gas was performed with SEM/EDS and XRD-analysis after each combustion test. The results showed that fluorine appears to be more likely than chlorine to stay in the bottom ash. This was confirmed by thermodynamic equilibrium calculations and by combustion tests. Furthermore, the thermodynamic equilibrium calculations showed that a large share of fluorine should end up in the flue gas as HF. Furthermore, the combustion tests showed that sulfation of fluorine salts occurs at lower levels of sulfur than sulfation of chlorine salts. In practice, this means that if the levels of fluorine-rich fuel increases in a waste incineration plant, the proportion of HF in the flue gases should increase and that some of the sulfur in the fuel mixture will be used for sulfation of fluorine salts if they are formed. The distribution of fluorine if fluorinated plastics are added to the fuel is not investigated in this work and something that should be investigated in the future.