Orientador: Enrique Ortega Rodriguez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalett_Otavio_D.pdf: 1768365 bytes, checksum: 167e95b088960c318d1d668f8a548c6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa é avaliar o ciclo de vida da soja para quantificar as contribuições ambientais e econômicas necessárias em cada etapa de produção, transporte e processamento de soja e seus principais produtos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas a análise de energia incorporada, a análise de intensidade de materiais e a análise emergética, além de indicadores econômicos e sociais. Os resultados mostram que produção agrícola da soja é a etapa que utiliza maior quantidade de recursos no ciclo de vida dos produtos considerados: farelo de soja exportado para a Europa, biodiesel e óleo de soja refinado. Por isso, esta é a etapa agrícola é aquela que requer mais atenção dos tomadores de decisões em políticas publicas para um ciclo de vida da soja mais sustentável. Os resultados mostram que a produção de biodiesel de soja convencional não é uma alternativa sustentável (renovabilidade = 31%) para fornecimento de energia para a sociedade e também que os fluxos de farelo de soja exportados para a Europa são responsáveis por grandes impactos ambientais (índice de carga ambiental = 2,83). Entretanto, os resultados obtidos mostram que a soja pode ser produzida em sistemas alternativos mais sustentáveis de forma a reduzir estes impactos negativos / Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess the soybean life cycle to quantify the environmental and economic contributions at each stage of soybean and soybean products production, transport and processing phases. In order of that, it were used the Embodied Energy Analysis, the Material Intensity Analysis and the Emergy Synthesis as well other economic and social indicators. The results showed that agricultural production stage is the phase that uses larger amount of resources in the life cycle of soybean products considered: soy meal exported to Europe, biodiesel and refined soy oil. Therefore, the agricultural phase requires more attention of decision-makers for public policies toward a more sustainable soybean chain. Quantitative indicators showed that biodiesel production from conventional soybean is not a sustainable (renewability = 31%) alternative for energy supply to the society. Also, the soy meal flows exported to Europe are responsible for high environmental damages (environmental loading ratio = 2.83). However, the results showed that soybean can be produced in more sustainable alternative systems in order to reduce these negative impacts / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

O setor florestal apresenta grande importância econômica no Brasil, representando uma significativa parcela no PIB, nas exportações e na geração de empregos. As florestas fornecem matéria prima para a produção de energia ou celulose e são avaliadas, normalmente, por um enfoque econômico, que, isoladamente, não traz a sustentabilidade do setor. Para se avaliar a sustentabilidade, análises sistêmicas e de fluxo de material são algumas das alternativas. O fluxo de material fornece subsídios às metodologias que abordam os diversos aspectos da sustentabilidade, como por exemplo, a análise de energia, a síntese de emergia e análises integradas de aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Tendo em vista a importância da área florestal e a falta de estudos que permitam uma avaliação sistêmica dessa atividade, esse trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade energética de um sistema de produção. Para tanto, elaborou-se um modelo para determinar o fluxo de material, referente aos insumos utilizados indiretamente nas operações mecanizadas do sistema de produção: mão-de-obra, combustível e depreciação material do maquinário. Através desse modelo avaliou-se o cenário básico, que utiliza calcário na correção da acidez do solo e suas alternativas: cinzas e biossólido. Com base nesses resultados, avaliou-se o sistema através da análise de energia e da síntese de emergia. A análise de energia aborda os fluxos energéticos dos insumos aplicados e o dos produtos obtidos, possibilitando a determinação da lucratividade energética (EROI), o ganho líquido (balanço de energia) e a intensidade energética do sistema de produção. A síntese de emergia contempla os recursos naturais renováveis e os não-renováveis, além dos recursos adquiridos no mercado. Essa análise e síntese estabeleceram os fluxos de recursos, identificando seus principais fatores de produção e os indicadores que têm potencial de uso na tomada de decisão de empresas florestais. Utilizou-se da análise de sensibilidade para avaliar o efeito dos fatores de produção na sustentabilidade do sistema. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o sistema de produção apresenta uma maior sustentabilidade energética quando comparado com os sistemas de produção menos intensificados. Para a análise de energia, o combustível foi o fator com maior participação na energia de entrada, com os fertilizantes e herbicidas na sequência. Na síntese de emergia, um recurso renovável, evapotranspiração, foi o principal fator. Quando considerou-se os fatores exógenos ao sistema na síntese, o combustível, os fertilizantes e os corretores de acidez foram os principais. Nas duas metodologias, a colheita foi a operação mais demandante de recursos e as alternativas ao calcário pioraram o desempenho energético do sistema. Ressalta-se que as avaliações dessas alternativas não consideraram os benefícios indiretos em não se descartar os resíduos utilizados no ambiente, indicando um caminho para novos estudos. Para se elevar a sustentabilidade, deve-se melhorar a eficiência da colheita e reduzir o uso de insumos com menor redução proporcional da produtividade. Ambas as metodologias deveriam ser consideradas na avaliação de sistemas produtivos, pois tratam de uso de recursos ambientais e exógenos e quantificam a intensidade energética dos produtos, permitindo comparações. / The forestry sector is very important to the Brazilian economy, representing a significant share of the GDP, exports and employment generation. Forests supply raw material for energy and cellulose production and are usually evaluated through an economical approach, which, alone, does not reflect the sustainability of the sector. In order to evaluate sustainability, system and material flow analyses are some alternatives. The material flow gives subsidy to methodologies that approach the several aspects of sustainability, such as, energy analysis, emergy synthesis and analysis integrating social, economic and environmental aspects. Due to the importance of the forestry sector, the lack of studies that systemically evaluate this activity, this study aimed to evaluate the energetic sustainability of a production system. So, one elaborated a model to determine the material flow, regarding the inputs indirectly applied in the mechanized operations in the production system: labor, fuel and material depreciation of machinery. This model evaluated the basic scenario, which uses lime to control soil acidity, and its alternatives: ashes and sludge. Based on the obtained results, the system was evaluated through energy analysis and emergy synthesis. The energy analysis approaches the energy flows of the applied inputs and the obtained products, propitiating the determination of the energetic profitability (EROI), the net gain (energy balance) and the energetic intensity of the production system. The emergy synthesis ranges the renewable and non-renewable natural resources, besides those acquired in the market. This analysis and this synthesis establish the resource flows and identified the main production factors and present indicators with potential use in the decision making of forestry enterprises. The sensitivity analysis evaluated the effect of the production factors in the system's sustainability. The obtained results showed that the studied production system presents higher energetic sustainability than some systems with less intensification. In the energy analysis, fuel was the main factor in the energy input, followed by fertilizers and herbicides. In the emergy synthesis, evapotranspiration, a renewable resource, was the main factor. Considering the factors exogenous to the system, fuel, fertilizers and soil acidity correctors were the main ones. In both methodologies, harvesting was the more demanding operation and the alternatives to liming decreased the energetic performance of the system. One should highlight that in the evaluating of both alternatives, no indirect benefit was considered, such as the avoidance of dumping those materials. This indicates new possibilities of studies. In order to increase sustainability, one should improve the harvest efficiency and reduce use of the agricultural inputs with less proportional reduction of the yield. Both methodologies should de considered in the evaluation of productive systems since they approach the use of environmental and exogenous resources; they quantify the intensity of products and allow comparisons among systems.

Det finns ett stort behov av att minska energianvändningen i världen. Igenom att minska energibehovet så minskar den negativa miljöpåverkan. I en ständigt växande värld där det byggs i allt snabbare takt så ökar också energibehovet. Igenom att effektivisera befintliga byggnader kan energibehovet stagnera eller till och med minska trots utbyggnaden. Igenom att energieffektivisera så kan mer av den energi som används nyttjas istället för att den ska stå för onödiga förluster. Fortifikationsverket har en restaurangbyggnad de anser använder för mycket energi. Denna byggnad innehåller en restaurang som använder ett ångsystem för matproduktion, vilket gör byggnadens energisystem unikt. För att kunna minska byggnadens energianvändning kartläggs och analyseras den i denna rapport. Denna fallstudie genomförs med en litteraturstudie för att utveckla kunskaperna inom området. Sedan utförs mätningar i byggnaden som därefter analyseras och presenteras så att eventuella avvikelser och brister påpekas. Under arbetets gång upptäcktes att en säkring var felinstallerad för mätningen av elanvändningen till en av ångpannorna. Igenom att ha åtgärdat detta för att kunna fakturera rätt så spar Fortifikationsverket nästan 170 000 kr per år som den ångpannan går. Utöver detta så analyserades ångsystemet och uppskattningar gjordes för att kunna svara på om ånga är effektivare än el för matlagning. Det visar sig att ångsystemet kan vara effektivt om stor mängd mat tillagas. Med hänsyn till nätter, helger och de dagar då mindre mat tillagas så är el-utrustning effektivare eftersom att det helt stängs av när det inte används. Till skillnad från ångsystemet som måste täcka upp för förlusterna för att behålla temperatur och tryck, även när systemet inte används. Igenom att byta ut ångsystemet till motsvarande utrustning som drivs av el skulle det gå att spara 205 MWh/år, enligt uppskattningar. Ångsystemet står för 35% av byggnadens totala elanvändning och är den största posten för energianvändningen och är därför den del som fokuserats mest på. Utöver ångsystemet så analyserades övrig energianvändning för att kunna ge förslag på besparingar. Många av förslagen är grundade på vissa uppskattningar och antaganden vilket måste beaktas. Några konkreta exempel på besparingar som kan göras är att sänka inomhustemperaturen för att spara 50 MWh/år, installera tilläggsfönster för att spara upp till 140 MWh/år, installera effektivare kylaggregat – 200 MWh/år, installera bättre styrning till ventilationen – 110 MWh/år, installera bättre styrning till belysning – 40 MWh/år. / There is a great need to reduce energy use in the world. By reducing energy demand, this reduces the negative environmental impact. In a constantly growing world, where it is built at an ever faster pace, the energy demand also increases. By increasing energy efficiency inexisting buildings, energy requirements may stagnate or even decrease despite expansion. By increasing energy efficiency, more of the energy demand can be used instead of standing for energy losses. Fortifikationsverket has a building they believe use too much energy. This building contains a restaurant that uses a steam system to heat its food, which makes the building's energy system unique. In order to reduce the energy consumption of the building, an energy audit is completed and analyzed in this report. This case study is conducted with a literature study to develop the knowledge in the field. Then measurements in the building are performed which are subsequently analyzed and presented to indicate any deviations and deficiencies. During the work it was discovered that a fuse was incorrectly installed to measure the electricity consumption of one of the boilers. By correcting this in order to be able to bill correctly, Fortifikationsverket saves almost 170,000 SEK per year as the boiler goes. In addition to this, the steam system was analyzed and estimates were made to respond if steam is more effective than electricity for cooking. It turns out that the steam system can be effective if a large amount of food is cooked. Considering nights, weekends and days when less food is cooked, electrical equipment is more effective because it completely turns off when not in use. Unlike the steam system that has to cover the energy losses to keep temperature and pressure, even when the system is not in use. By replacing the steam system with equivalent electrical equipment, it couldsave 205 MWh/year, according to estimates.The steam system accounts for 35% of the building's total electricity demandand is the largest item for energy use and is therefore the most focused area. In addition to the steam system, other energy usage was analyzed to provide energy savings. Many of the proposals are based on certain estimates and assumptions which must be considered. Some examples of savings that can be made is lowering the indoor temperature to save 50 MWh/year, install additional windows to save up to 140 MWh/year, install more efficient cooling units -200 MWh/year, install better ventilation control systems-50 MWh/year, install better controls for indoor lighting -40 MWh/year.

Orientador: Sergio Valdir Bajay / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RafaelRodriguesda_M.pdf: 6149797 bytes, checksum: 1c94ddf1de68213f0c9001cc01d09e45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Sistemas industriais consumidores de energia são, em geral, complexos. Metodologias e ferramentas que facilitem o cálculo de potenciais de economia no consumo de energia térmica e elétrica são, portanto, de extrema importância. Nesse contexto, modelos de simulação de sistemas energéticos são bastante úteis para explicar o comportamento de sistemas complicados, que estão além da capacidade do cérebro humano compreender integralmente todas as suas características relevantes. Esse trabalho apresenta o contexto brasileiro de oportunidades para uso de softwares que se propõem a realizar a modelagem de sistemas energéticos industriais em alguns dos seus principais sistemas consumidores de energia: força motriz, ar comprimido, calor de processo, aquecimento direto, refrigeração e resfriamento, sistemas de bombeamento e sistemas de ventilação. São consideradas duas fontes de disponibilização desse tipo de ferramenta. A primeira é o Programa Nacional de Conservação de Energia Elétrica (Procel), que possui softwares nacionais, em língua portuguesa, para análises de alguns dos sistemas listados anteriormente. A segunda é o U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), pela tradição do país no uso deste tipo de ferramenta com profissionais habilitados formalmente, pela língua inglesa que se torna cada vez mais comum no Brasil e também pela abundância de softwares gratuitos disponibilizados. Comparações quanto às complementaridades ou redundâncias de propostas, plataformas, idiomas, pacotes de unidades e profundidades das análises são efetuadas. Conjuntamente, para aprofundar as análises dos programas, são efetuados estudos de casos reais na indústria nacional com o uso de modelos de simulação. Foram selecionados inicialmente 25 modelos de simulação. Após a eliminação de modelos que faziam análises semelhantes, ou que apresentavam grandes dificuldades para a sua instalação, ou operação, sobraram 17 modelos, que possibilitam boas análises do desempenho energético de sistemas industriais envolvendo, sobretudo, motores elétricos, ar comprimido, calor de processo e aquecimento direto. A maior parte dos sistemas industriais com considerável potencial de economia de energia pode ser analisada por, pelo menos, um destes modelos. Nesse ambiente de modelos e simulações, também é apresentado um estudo sobre a aplicação de modelagem de otimização (matemática) para um sistema hipotético de ar comprimido / Abstract: In general, industrial energy systems are complex. Methodologies and tools which make easier the calculation of potential thermal and electric energy savings are therefore of utmost importance. Within this context, simulation models of energy systems are very useful in explaining the behavior of complicated systems, which are beyond the capacity of the human brain to fully understand all of their relevant features. This work presents the Brazilian context of opportunities in terms of software usage for modeling some of the major industrial energy systems: motors, compressed air, steam, process heating, process cooling, pumping systems, and ventilation systems. Two sources of this kind of software tool are considered. The first one is the Brazilian National Program for Energy Conservation (Procel), which has some national software, in Portuguese, capable of analyzing some of the energy systems previously listed. The second one is the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), due to the country's tradition in using this kind of tools with recognized qualified specialists, the English language that is becoming increasingly present in Brazil and the abundance of free of charge software tools in the DOE's website. Comparisons are made regarding: redundancies and complementarities of the proposals, platform structures, languages, units and complexity of analysis. Additionally, real case studies in the Brazilian industry are made using simulation models. Initially, 25 simulation models were selected. After the elimination of models performing similar analyses, or being very difficult to install or operate, 17 models remained, which allow good energy performance analyses of industrial systems, particularly those comprising electric motors, compressed air, steam and process heating. Most of the industrial systems with large potential for energy savings can be evaluated by, at least, one of these models. A study about the application of mathematical optimization modeling for a hypothetical compressed air system is also presented / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21129号 / 工博第4493号 / 新制||工||1698(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科化学工学専攻 / (主査)教授 宮原 稔, 教授 山本 量一, 教授 佐野 紀彰 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>With increasing concerns about the global warming effects of HFC refrigerants, low-GWP refrigerants and non-vapor compression heat pumps are investigated as potential mid- and long-term replacements for current vapor compression heat pump systems that rely on high-GWP refrigerants. To address the need for more environmentally friendly space cooling and heating, and water heating solutions. the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE) is supporting the development of smarter, more efficient, and affordable heat pumping systems operating with low- or near-zero GWP refrigerants through different programs including the Energy, Emissions, and Equity (E3) Initiative. In addition, the Emerging Technologies (ET) Program within the Building Technologies Office (BTO) emphasized the research and development efforts needed to support new technologies that could reduce energy usage in residential and commercial buildings by 50\% over the next decades. In the literature, limited studies were found that systematically investigated different combinations of conventional and emerging space conditioning and water heating technologies while accounting for real building loads, different climate zones, utility structures, and current state-of-the-art equipment. Existing literature primarily focused on thermodynamic performance evaluations at fixed boundary conditions. In addition, separate sensible latent cooling (SSLC) and other novel cooling and dehumidification systems (e.g., membrane-based systems) can significantly reduce the electricity usage for space conditioning. To compare the performance of conventional and emerging technologies several figures-of-merit such as the second law efficiency, are often used. However, limitations exist in previous studies to define the thermodynamic reversible limits and second law efficiency for cooling and dehumidification systems.</p><p>This study developed a comprehensive modeling framework to evaluate both current state-of-the-art vapor compression systems and emerging HVAC\&R technologies in real-world scenarios. The platform will be used to assess potential energy savings, scalability issues, and the effectiveness of combined technologies for different buildings, climate conditions, and utility structures.</p><p>To compare HVAC technologies, a new physics-based definition for the reversible limit and the second law efficiencies for cooling and dehumidification systems with air recirculation has been developed. The new framework is then extended to define a novel performance metric, the seasonal second law efficiency, to form a universal benchmark for assessing various cooling and dehumidification systems. Five cooling and dehumidification systems including magnetocaloric cooling, solid desiccant dehumidification, and membrane dehumidification are evaluated using this benchmark. Steady-state thermodynamic models are constructed for each system. Second law efficiency for each system under various outdoor temperatures and indoor sensible heat ratios (SHR) are calculated. The annual electricity usage of the five systems is used to justify the seasonal second law efficiency definition. The results show that compared to conventional vapor compression systems with mechanical dehumidification, the membrane-based AMX-R cycle can reduce annual electricity use by 12.2%-22.2% and increase the seasonal second law efficiency by 36%.</p><p>The advancements of nine not-in-kind (defined as non-vapor compression systems, solid-state, and chemical-based systems) technologies, i.e. magnetocaloric, thermoelectric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric, membrane-based, Vuilleumier, sorption, chemical looping, and desiccant, were reviewed in detail and compared with the state-of-the-art vapor compression systems. Suitable figures-of-merit were defined to compare the different technologies from a thermodynamic standpoint as well as technology readiness level. As a result of the thorough literature review, a roadmap was created to track the development of emerging HVAC&R technologies and future developments. More importantly, the roadmap enabled the identification of several case studies to evaluate potential energy savings both for space conditioning and water heating. Techno-economic studies for eight HVAC configurations for space heating, cooling, and water heating were conducted for a realistic building scenario under various climate conditions. Different combinations of advanced equipment such as heat pump water heater (HPWH), ground-source heat pumps (GSHP), cold-climate heat pumps (CCHP), and membrane-heat pumps were compared with traditional vapor compression heat pumps and gas furnaces. A building model was developed in EnergyPlus and validated with historical data from the DC Nanogrid House at the Purdue University campus. A total of eleven climate zones were considered, and both local weather conditions and utility pricing were implemented in the simulations. Moreover, future SEER2/HSPF2 equipment ratings and E3 Initiative targets were also included in the analyses.</p><p>The initial simulation results provided climate-based equipment selection guidelines and quantitative techno-economic assessments. For instance, CCHPs with two-stage compression in heating mode save 10%-20% in annual heating cost compared with single-stage VCHPs in Climate Zone 4A, 4C, 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6B. Membrane evaporative air-conditioners could provide cooling cost savings in places where is a significant cooling load, such as Zone 1A, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3C, 4A, 5A, and 6A. Gas furnaces should only be used in cold places where the electricity price per kWh to gas price ratio is higher than 3. GSHP has the lowest HVAC annual energy cost in six out of eleven climate zones in the U.S. Dual fuel heat pumps are not always the most economical option but yield better average cost savings among the eleven locations. HPWHs should be recommended in areas where the electricity price to gas price ratio is below 3. </p><p>The developed simulation framework will be instrumental to continue in-depth investigations of current and next-generation heat pump technologies. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide future guidelines on the selection of building-specific and climate-specific equipment solutions that will enable energy savings and future decarbonization strategies (e.g., geospatially-resolved simulations).</p>

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In early design phase for new hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrains, simulation isused for the estimation of vehicle fuel consumption. For hybrid electric powertrains,fuel consumption is highly related to powertrain efficiency. While powertrainefficiency of hybrid electric powertrain is not a linear product of efficiencies ofcomponents, it has to be analysed as a sequence of energy conversions includingcomponent losses and energy interaction among components.This thesis is aimed at studying the energy losses and flows and present them in theform of Sankey diagram, later, an adaptive energy management system is developedbased on current rule-based control strategy. The first part involves developing energycalculation block in GT-SUITE corresponding to the vehicle model, calculating allthe energy losses and flows and presenting them in Sankey diagram. The secondpart involves optimizing energy management system control parameters according todifferent representative driving cycles. The third part involves developing adaptiveenergy management system by deploying optimal control parameter based on drivingpattern recognition with the help of SVM (support vector machine).In conclusion, a sturctured way to generate the Sankey diagram has been successfullygenerated and it turns out to be an effective tool to study HEV powertrain efficiencyand fuel economy. In addition, the combination of driving pattern recognition andoptimized control parameters also show a significant potential improvement in fuelconsumption. / Under den tidiga utvecklingsfasen av nya elektrifieradedrivlinor for hybridapplikationer (HEV) används simulering för uppskattning avfordonets bränsleförbrukning. För dess drivlinor är bränsleförbrukningen i hög gradkopplad till drivlinans verkningsgrad. Även om drivlinans verkningsgrad inte ären linjär prokukt av komponenternas verkningsgrad behöve rden analyseras somen sekvens av energiomvandlingar, inklusive förluster och energipåverkan mellankomponenter.Detta examensarbete syftar till att undersöka energiförluster och flöden samtpresentera dessa i form av sankey diagram. Senare utvecklas ett anpassningsbartenergihanteringssystem baserat på nuvarande regelbaserad kontrollstrategi. Deninledande delen involverar utvecklandet av energianalys i GT-SUITE som motsvararfordonsmodellen, beräkningar av totala energiförluster och flöden samt presentationav dessa i ett sankey diagram. Den andra delen innefattar optimering avenergihanteringssystems kontrollparametrar enligt olika representativa körcykler.Den tredje delen involverar utveckling av anpassningsbara energihanteringssystemgenom användning av optimala kontrollparameterar baserad på detektering avkörbeteende med hjälp av SVM ( stödvektormaskin).Slutligen, ett strukturerat sätt att generera sankey diagrammet har med framgånggenererats och visat sig vara ett effektivt verktyg för studier av HEV drivlinorseffektivitet och bränsleekonomi. Dessutom visar kombinationen av detektering avkörbeteende och optimerade kontrollparametrar på en markant potentiell förbättringi bränsleförbrukning.

<p>North American suburbs are facing decline and obsolescence. They cannot meet the needs of North America’s ageing society, future climate change, or higher energy prices. Compounded with their negative environmental impact, non-resilient is an appropriate label for North American suburbs.</p> <p>Resilient suburban communities can be realized through retrofitting to meet current and future needs. Community scale retrofitting is in the early stages of development. House-level retrofitting tools exist but must be synthesized into a useable form for homeowners.</p> <p>Homeowners arguably have the largest stake in the future of the suburbs for both financial and social reasons. Empowering them with tools to make their suburban home and community more resilient is considered to be desirable.</p> <p>This thesis empowers homeowners by developing a prototype decision support system (DSS) that will help them (or their contractors) make choices about adapting and retrofitting their home for resilience. This Microsoft Excel-based DSS addresses the following suburban needs: new housing types, reducing the environmental impacts of the home, and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. The DSS does this through three constituent ‘modules’.</p> <p>The first module, <em>Dividing Suburban Homes</em>, demonstrates the feasibility of dividing large suburban homes into multifamily dwellings. The second module, <em>Sustainable Additions</em>, selects resilient building materials for housing additions. The last module, <em>Reducing the Home’s Environmental Impact</em>, helps homeowners choose methods for reducing the environmental impact and fossil fuel usage of their home.</p> <p>Through these three modules, this DSS addresses a considerable number of the current and anticipated issues facing the suburbs.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)