Diplomová práce se zabývá energetickým sektorem v Ruské Federaci se zaměřením na sektor budov a jejich energetickou efektivnost. Je zde vytvořen základní přehled předpi-sů a norem týkajících se sektoru budov a dotační programy vytvořené Ruskou vládou na snížení energetické náročnosti. V praktické části je provedeno energetické hodnocení dané budovy v podmínkách Čr a Ruské Federace. Výpočty energetických bilancí budovy jsou prováděny pro klimatické podmínky daných zemí a v souladu s národními předpisy. Na základě energetických bilancí jsou navrženy opatření na úsporu energie. V závěru je provedeno ekonomické posouzení, s ohledem na rozdílné ceny energií a nákladů na provedení návrhových opat-ření v České republice a Ruské Federaci.

The aim of the master thesis is the assessment of the economic effectivity of thermal insulation with the state incentives in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. In the master thesis, the issue of investment, the possibilities of state funding of the construction industry, a detailed analysis of national funding programs aimed at promoting thermal insulation and the characteristics of thermal insulation contact system will be discussed with the focus on the design, realization management of the building and material possibilities. The output of the master thesis will be a proposal of a possible solution of thermal insulation contact system on a reference object. The financing of the investment will be compared in case of investment based on own resources or a bank loan, with the final assessment of economic efficiency with the use of insulation subsidy programs in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.

Byggnader i Sverige står för en stor del av landets totala energianvändning och det är därför viktigt att man försöker hitta energieffektiviseringar kring detta område. Ibland kan det vara enklare än man tror att komma på billiga energibesparande lösningar. En självklar sak är att termodynamikens andra lag även gäller avlopp. Eftersom avlopp i hus är öppna system, exponerade mot bistra uteklimatet genom hål eller små skorstenar i taket och det kommunala avloppsystemet, så borde det rimligtvis försvinna värmeenergi från huset även där. Man kan tänka sig att det sker kallras på vintern eller ett luftflöde som drar igenom husets avloppssystem. Detta drag borde kyla ner avloppsystemet. Vi kunde konstatera med hjälp av luftflödesmätare att detta drag på grund av skorstenseffekter ofta är riktat så att det kommer in kall luft från det kommunala avloppssystemet och ut igenom avluftningen på taket. Durgo är ett företag som tillverkar avluftningsventiler. Avluftningsventilen fungerar som så att den bara tar in luft när det blir undertryck i avloppet. Därmed kommer det inte ut någon illaluktande luft från avloppet vilket gör att man kan ha avluftningen installerad inomhus exempelvis på en vind. Om man sätter en avluftningsventil istället för att ha en öppen genomföring via taket sätter man stopp för det drag som kommer från kommunens avloppsnät. Därmed blir det minskad avkylning vid kall väderlek i husets avloppsledningar. Avloppsledningar i hus kan ofta vara oisolerade, även om de kan befinna sig i mer eller mindre isolerade utrymmen så kyler de ner konstruktionen och närliggande rum. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att ta reda på om det går att spara energi med en avluftningsventil. Vi bygger en experimentanläggning för att simulera energiåtgången. Experimentanläggningen består av två isolerade tankar, en luftad med avluftningsventil, den andra med öppen skorsten. Sen gör vi två olika typer av experiment där vi mäter temperaturen i tankarna. Första sättet tittar vi på hur snabbt vatten avkyls i två isolerade tankar där ena tanken är ventilerad som om det vore ett traditionellt avluftat avloppssystem och den andra tanken är ventilerad med en avluftningsventil. Andra sättet jämför vi hur mycket energi det går att upprätthålla en viss temperatur i dessa isolerade tankar. På så sätt kan vi enkelt se om det finns skillnader mellan de olika systemen. Vårt förväntade resultat var att man skulle spara energi om man använde sig av en avluftningsventil. Efter att vi gjort våra experiment kunde man se att vår hypotes mycket väl stämde överens med verkligheten. Vårt experiment visar att ju kallare det är utomhus desto större energibesparing gör man med en avluftningsventil. Energibesparingen kan bli runt 13 kWh per meter avloppsrör och år vilket skulle kunna motsvara 1-2 % per år av den totala uppvärmningskostnaden i ett hus beroende på hur många meter man har. I ett flerbostadshus med 84 lägenheter med 45 % effektgrad av värmeåtervinningen från spillvatten blir energisbesparingen ca 10 000 kWh/år då spillvattentemperaturen höjs med en grad. En avluftningsventil är en mycket billig investering och har dessutom flera andra fördelar än att man sparar energi. Dock måste man tillse att den monteras på rätt sätt så den inte läcker ut avloppsgas. / Buildings in Sweden account for a large proportion of the country’s total energy consumption and it is therefore important to try and find energy efficiencies around this area. Sometimes it can be easier than you think to get cheap energy saving solutions. One obvious thing is that the second law of thermodynamics also applies for sewerage. Because the sewage in houses are open systems, exposed to the harsh outdoor climate through holes or small chimneys on the roof and the municipal sewer system, then it should be reasonable that heat energy disappears from the house too. One could imagine that there are cold drafts in the winter or an airflow that pulls through the building's drainage system. This flow should cool down the drains. We could conclude with the aid of an airflow meter that these flows because of the chimney effects often are directed so that cool air flows from the municipal sewage system and out through the vent on the roof. Durgo is a company that manufactures air admittance valves. This valve works so that it only takes in air when under pressure in the sewer system. Thus, it will not print any foul air from the sewer which means that you can have the vent installed indoors, for example in an attic. If you put an air admittance valve instead of having an opening through the roof you put a stop to this airflow. Thus it becomes reduced cooling during cold weather in sewer systems. Drainage pipes in houses are often uninsulated, although they can be in more or less isolated areas and could cool down the construction and nearby rooms. The purpose of this thesis is to find out if it is possible to save energy with an air admittance valve. We built an experimental facility to simulate the energy consumption. The experimental facility consists of two insulated tanks, aerated with an air admittance valve, the other with an open chimney. Then we make two different types of experiments in which we measure the temperature in the tanks. First way, we look at how quickly the water is cooled down in two insulated tanks where one tank is vented as if it were a traditional vented sewer system and the second tank is ventilated with an air admittance valve. Second way, we compare how much energy it is possible to maintain at a certain temperature in the insulated tanks. In this way, we can easily see if there are differences between the various systems. Our expected results were that youwould save energy if you used an air admittance valve. After we made our experiments we could see that our hypothesis very well matched reality. Our experiment shows that the colder it is outside, the greater energy savings you do with an air admittance valve. Energy savings can be around 13 kWh per meter sewer pipe and year, which could equate to 1-2% per year of the total heating cost of a house depending on how many meters you have. In an apartment building with 84 apartments with 45% power level of heat recovery from waste water, the energy saving will be about 10 000 kWh / year because the waste water temperature becomes one degree higher. An air admittance valve is a very cheap investment and it offers several benefits beyond saving energy. However, one must ensure that it is installed properly so it does not leak emission.

Recent studies have shown that there are currently more than 1.08 billion of Smartphones in the world, with around 89% of them used throughout the day. On average each of these users transfers more than 450 Mbytes per month via either a cellular network or a Wi-Fi network. So far it has been up to the user to decide which one of these two networks to use at each particular moment. In this master’s thesis, the potential energy savings that could be achieved by means of automating the choice of network interface are explored. This way, the user equipment itself would be able to initiate handovers from one radio access technology to another depending on each particular service and on the environmental conditions, and hence it could extend its battery life. The work has focused in energy efficient vertical handovers (VHOs) between Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Wi-Fi networks. The rapid growth and increasing interest in LTE networks have been the main reasons why these networks have been chosen over Third Generation Mobile Networks. Nevertheless this work can be easily extended to other radio access technologies such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). During the thesis project, the potential energy savings via VHOs depending on the type of service have been studied, as well as the different processes involved in a handover decision process. In order to do so, an energy consumption profile of each interface has been built, the different services have been modeled, and a heterogeneous scenario with Wi-Fi and LTE networks has been simulated. The thesis presents how these savings change within each service and with the environmental conditions (network load, interferences). The results show that large energy savings can be achieved. Nevertheless, the potential savings for each different user device can significantly differ. The VHO decision process includes two main aspects that need further study: investigating energy efficient ways of discovering accessible Wi-Fi access points and measuring the available throughput in each network at the moment of the decision. In addition, within LTE-Advanced and HetNets (Heterogeneous Networks), a lot of research regarding how LTE operators can offload traffic to smaller networks is being performed. These smaller networks consist basically of LTE micro cells and Wi-Fi. Both the energy savings and the potential energy expenses of offloading different kinds of traffic to a Wi-Fi network were also studied in this master’s thesis project, using the same approach described in the previous two paragraphs. / Enligt beräkningar så finns det nu mer än 1.08 miljarder smarta telefoner i världen, och ungefär 89% av dem används varje dag. Varje användare överför mer än 450 megabyte per månad i genomsnitt, antingen via cellulära mobilnät eller Wi-Fi. För närvarande är det användaren som avgör vilket av dessa interface som ska användas vid varje tidpunkt. I detta examensarbete utvärderas vilka energibesparingar som kan uppnås genom att automatisera valet av nätverksinterface. På detta vis skulle den mobila enheten själv utföra handover från en radioaccessteknik till en annan beroende på aktiva tjänster och på radioomgivningen, och därmed utöka batteriets livstid. Detta examensarbete fokuserar på vertikal handover mellan LTE och Wi-Fi nätverk. Den snabba tillväxten och det ökande intresset för LTE är den främsta anledningen till att LTE har valts istället för 3G. Det är dock möjligt att med små förändringar generalisera arbetet till andra radioaccesstekniker, till exempel WiMAX eller UMTS. De potentiella energibesparingarna genom vertikala handovers för olika typer av tjänster har studerats, liksom de olika stegen i handover-beslutsprocessen. För detta syfte har en energikonsumtionsprofil skapats för varje interface, de olika tjänsterna har modellerats och ett scenario med Wi-Fi- och LTE-nätverk har simulerats. Denna rapport beskriver hur dessa energibesparingar ändras för varje tjänstetyp och med ändringar av omgivningen (nätverkslast och interferens). Resultaten har visat att stora energibesparingar kan uppnås, även om dessa besparingar kan variera mycket för olika UEs. Beslutet om vertikal handover inkluderar två huvudsakliga aspekter som kräver fortsatta studier: energieffektiva metoder för att upptäcka tillgängliga WiFi-accesspunkter som går att ansluta sig till och mätning av den upplevda datahastigheten i varje nätverk före beslutet om vertikal handover tas. Parallelt med detta examensarbete pågår omfattande studier om hur mobiloperatörer kan avlasta datatrafik till basstationer med kortare räckvidd. Dessa småskaliga nätverk förväntas bestå av LTE mikro/pico celler och/eller Wi-Fi nätverk. Detta examensarbete inkluderar även studier av de potentiella energibesparingar eller energikostnader för att avlasta olika slags trafik till Wi-Fi nätverk.

Buildings account for up to 32% of the total energy use in different countries. Directives from the European Union have pointed out the importance of increasing energy efficiency in buildings. New regulation in countries like Sweden establishes that new buildings should fulfill regulations of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), opening an opportunity for new technologies to achieve these goals. Almost 80-90% of the energy in domestic hot water use is wasted from different applications with almost no use and with a lot of potential energy to be recovered. The present work studied the characteristics of greywater heat exchanger as a solution to recuperate heat from greywater to increase efficiency in buildings. This study explored the fluid mechanics involved in the vertical greywater heat exchangers, analyzing the falling film effect present in drain pipes and the effects of the secondary flow generated in the external helical coil. A heat transfer model from a theoretical approach was proposed and validated. In addition, this study explored the different variables influencing the economic feasibility of the technology and an economic analysis was performed. A theoretical comparison between a greywater heat exchanger application and a reference case without it was evaluated highlighting the importance of all the variables involved in the potential of implementation of the technology. The technology shows big potential in households with high water consumptions, especially with electric boilers.

This research investigates the bio-products/phase change material (PCM) composites for the building envelope application. Bio-products, such as wood and herb, are porous medium, which can be applied in the building envelope for thermal insulation purpose. PCM is infiltrated into the bio-product (porous medium) to form a composite material. The PCM can absorb/release large amount of latent heat of fusion from/to the building environment during the melting/solidification process. Hence, the PCM-based composite material in the building envelope can efficiently adjust the building interior temperature by utilizing the phase change process, which improves the thermal insulation, and therefore, reduces the load on the HVAC system. Paraffin wax was considered as the PCM in the current studies. The building energy savings were investigated by comparing the composite building envelope material with the conventional material in a unique Zero-Energy (ZØE) Research Lab building at University of North Texas (UNT) through building energy simulation programs (i.e., eQUEST and EnergyPlus). The exact climatic conditions of the local area (Denton, Texas) were used as the input values in the simulations. It was found that the EnergyPlus building simulation program was more suitable for the PCM based building envelope using the latent heat property. Therefore, based on the EnergyPlus simulations, when the conventional structure insulated panel (SIP) in the roof and wall structures were replaced by the herb panel or herb/PCM composite, it was found that around 16.0% of energy savings in heating load and 11.0% in cooling load were obtained by using PCM in the bio-product porous medium.

För att tillgodose framtidens växande behov av energi och samtidigt bidra till en långsiktigt hållbar energitillförsel krävs resurs- och energieffektivisering inom flera sektorer. Inte minst inom industrin som år 2016 stod för mer än 50 procent av det globala energibehovet. Tillvaratagandet av befintliga resurser såsom spillvärme från tryckluftsproduktion är en möjlig effektiviseringsåtgärd. Till grund för examensarbetet ligger ett önskemål från koncernen Sandvik AB att utreda besparingspotential och kostnader för reinvestering i en av industrins kompressorcentraler, Götvalsverket. Reinvesteringen avser två nya kompressorer vars spillvärme integreras i industrins befintliga närvärmesystem och möjliggör för minskade resurs- och energikostnader samt utsläpp av CO2. Arbetet syftar till att analysera olika kompressorlösningar utifrån ett ekonomiskt och miljömässig perspektiv. Detta görs med hjälp av insamlad data, känslighetsanalyser och lönsamhetskalkyler med tillhörande LCC. Målet är att kunna besvara olika frågeställningar rörande total investeringskostnad, energi- och resursbesparing samt utsläppsreducering. Två fall av produktion undersöks, dels vid drift enligt Götvalsverkets befintliga produktionstid och dels med en optimerad drifttid för kompressorenheterna. En litteraturstudie har också genomförts där flera studier visar att tryckluft är ett dyrt alternativ för energiproduktion och att implementering av effektiviseringsåtgärder, däribland återvinning av spillvärme, därför kan vara väl grundade investeringar. Även andra fördelar kan kopplas till energieffektivisering, exempelvis förbättrad produktion och arbetsmiljö för anställda. Resultatet av arbetet visade att särskilt ett kompressoralternativ stod ut från de övriga ur både en ekonomisk- och miljömässig synpunkt. Detta alternativ erbjöd inte den billigaste investeringen men däremot var mängden återvunnen värme så pass mycket större än för andra alternativ, att energibesparingen minskade återbetalningstiden drastiskt. Tillvaratagande av befintliga resurser som spillvärme, tillsammans med industrins minskade energianvändning, anses vara en nödvändighet för att kunna säkerställa välmående hos både människor, djur och natur i framtiden. / In order to meet the growing demand for energy in the future, while contributing to a long-term sustainable energy supply, resource and energy efficiency measures are required within several sectors. In 2016 the industry sector accounted for more than 50 percent of the global power demand. The use of existing resources, such as waste heat from compressed air production, is a possible efficiency measure.  Behind this thesis work is a request from the Sandvik AB Group to estimate savings potential and reinvestment costs in one of the industry's compressor centers, Götvalsverket. The reinvestment refers to two new compressors whose waste heat is integrated into the industry's existing district heating system and allows for reduced resource and energy costs as well as a reduction of CO2-emissions.  This work aims to investigate different compressor alternatives from an economic- and environmental perspective. This is done using collected data, a sensitivity analysis and profitability calculations with an attached LCC-analysis. The aim is to answer various questions regarding total investment cost, energy and resource saving as well as emission reduction. Two cases in production are investigated. The first according to the existing operation hours in Götvalsverket and the second case with an optimized operating time for the compressor units.  A literature review has also been conducted where several studies show that compressed air is an expensive alternative to energy production and that implementation of efficiency measures, including waste heat recovery, can be well-founded investments. Other benefits can also be linked to energy efficiency, such as improved production and an improved work environment for employees.  The result of the work showed that one alternative in particular stood out from the other compressor solutions, both from an economic and environmental point of view. This option did not offer the cheapest investment but the amount of recovered waste heat was much larger than for the other alternatives and therefore, energy savings reduced the payback period drastically.  The utilizing of existing resources such as waste heat, together with the industry sector’s reduced energy consumption, is considered a necessity in order to ensure the well-being of people, animals and nature in the future.

The residential building sector plays an important role in combating climate change in Canada. Many energy efficiency solutions along with new building energy standards have been implemented to improve building energy performance. However, their effects on energy saving and GHG emissions reduction vary due to the complexity of the building systems and the variability of their operational conditions. This work quantifies such variability in both energy efficiency devices and building energy standards implementation, respectively. The first study in this dissertation assesses the energy savings from sensible heat recovery in a residential apartment suite in various locations across Canada. A series of detailed building energy performance models are developed in TRNSYS. The HVAC system’s annual energy consumption is simulated and the results are compared with and without HRV for each climate zone. The results show the heating energy savings of employing the HRV vary from 17 to 34% depending on the winter climatic conditions; while, the building cooling energy use can be increased due to the undesired thermal recovery occurring in the HRV during the cooling season. The second study investigates the free cooling potential of outside air in various Canadian cities. A series of thermal models developed using BEopt 2.8 for a hypothetical single-family house with various window-to-wall ratios and building aspect ratios simulates hourly building cooling load profiles. The free cooling potential is analyzed by comparing the maximum available and the actual usable free cooling for various building features and different climates. The results indicate that, although free cooling is widely available in most areas of Canada during the summer and shoulder seasons, only 17-42% of such free cooling is usable without the use of thermal storage. The last study examines the effects of two building energy standards - the BC Step Code and the Passive House criteria - on reductions in residential household space heating GHG emissions under different enforcement scenarios. The space heating energy and the GHG emissions are estimated using the forecast growth of single detached households for the period from 2020 to 2032. The results show that the space heating GHG emissions can be reduced by 77% and 89%, respectively if the BC Step Code or the Passive House criteria is implemented in Canada. It is also found the impacts of energy code on GHG emission mitigation are less significant in regions where the carbon intensity of the dominant heating fuels is low. / Graduate

These days create an enormous pressure on energy savings because of their high prices. For future it is obvious that their prices will grow. Not only the representatives of European Union realize this fact, but basicaly common people who run their houses and pay the bills. For this reason low - energy houses respectively passive houses are in the limelight. Reasons of economy should not be the only criterion of quality, but its integral part, one of several components. Energy efficient housing is a response in architecture and building to turbulent global warming. The aim of the work is try to specify how to conceive an efficient building with respect to its architectural quality in the contect of directions coming from European Union and which should be implemented soon in the Czech republic. Will zero house become driving force of architecture in Europe in 21st century? The result of the work will be useful in orientation how to conceive an efficient house with respect to its aesthetical quality.

[ES] Las cubiertas ajardinadas forman parte de las soluciones, diseños y sistemas constructivos de la arquitectura sostenible. El equilibrio entre las dimensiones ambiental, social y económica en aras de conseguir el máximo bienestar y desarrollo de nuestras sociedades influye en cómo se construye. La rehabilitación energética de un parque de viviendas cada día más envejecido y deteriorado permite reducir el consumo energético desde dos puntos de vista: aprovechando recursos ya existentes, al ampliar la vida útil de edificios todavía estructuralmente funcionales, pero en una condiciones térmicas, de salubridad o equipamiento deficientes; y reduciendo el consumo energético de estos edificios, con los beneficios que ello supone para el medio ambiente, la economía y el bienestar social de sus usuarios y del entorno. En la presente tesis doctoral se profundiza en el comportamiento energético y térmico de las cubiertas ajardinadas en rehabilitación, estructurándose en dos apartados que abordan el estudio de la reducción del consumo energético y las consideraciones constructivas para una correcta ejecución de estos sistemas ajardinados. En el primer apartado se analiza la distribución de temperaturas y humedades relativas en las diferentes capas de modelos reales a escala de cubiertas ajardinadas. Las conclusiones extraídas de estos datos tomados mediante data-loggers, para la ciudad de València, se comparan con el funcionamiento de los mismos sistemas constructivos de cubierta, diseñados y simulados a través de modelos informáticos. Este proceso permite estudiar no solo el comportamiento térmico de la cubierta, sino también su funcionamiento energético y el posible ahorro a conseguir en diferentes hipótesis de rehabilitación de una vivienda, considerando también la posible intervención sobre otros elementos de la envolvente térmica. El mecanismo de evapotranspiración presenta un papel importante en la disipación de calor de las cubiertas ajardinadas, por lo que se profundiza en su estudio para el caso de cubiertas autosuficientes, es decir, sin aporte de agua de riego. Este sistema de cubierta ajardinada pretende responder a la problemática escasez de agua a la que se enfrenta parte del territorio español, especialmente en la costa mediterránea en la que se ubica la ciudad de València. También se profundiza en la comprensión sobre qué variables climáticas, de entre temperatura ambiente, radiación solar y precipitaciones, son más influyentes en este proceso. La relación de la evapotranspiración con el agua almacenada, en las capas de la cubierta dispuestas a tal fin, queda patente, reduciéndose este proceso a menor disponibilidad de agua, especialmente en climas como el mediterráneo, con escasas precipitaciones y elevada temperatura ambiental y radiación solar. Todas las reflexiones obtenidas permiten confirmar las limitaciones en las pérdidas de calor por evapotranspiración derivadas de la escasez de agua, lo que conlleva la necesidad de buscar posibles soluciones que mejoren su comportamiento energético. Cada una de las situaciones estudiadas, conocidas y planteadas sus debilidades y fortalezas, permite concluir cuál es el mejor sistema constructivo de cubierta ajardinada para el caso de rehabilitación, principal aportación de este trabajo. En el segundo y último apartado, se realiza el estudio constructivo de una rehabilitación mediante el sistema de cubierta ajardinada escogido previamente. Esto permite detectar y conocer los problemas y soluciones que afrontar para conseguir una correcta ejecución, la cual supondrá mejorar la accesibilidad, mantenimiento, sostenibilidad y vida útil del sistema ajardinado de cubierta. Comprender el comportamiento energético de las cubiertas ajardinadas, así como las particularidades de instalación y construcción, permite ampliar su difusión, aplicación y los beneficios ambientales, sociales y económicos que de su uso se derivan. / [CA] Les cobertes enjardinades formen part de les solucions, dissenys i sistemes constructius de l'arquitectura sostenible. L'equilibri entre les dimensions ambiental, social i econòmica a fi d'aconseguir el màxim benestar i desenvolupament de les nostres societats influeix en com es construeix. La rehabilitació energètica d'un parc d'habitatges cada dia més envellit i deteriorat permet reduir el consum energètic des de dos punts de vista: aprofitant recursos ja existents, en ampliar la vida útil d'edificis encara estructuralment funcionals, però en una condicions tèrmiques, de salubritat o equipament deficients; i reduint el consum energètic d'aquests edificis, amb els beneficis que això suposa per al medi ambient, l'economia i el benestar social dels seus usuaris i de l'entorn. En la present tesi doctoral s'aprofundeix en el comportament energètic i tèrmic de les cobertes enjardinades en rehabilitació, estructurant-se en dos apartats que aborden l'estudi de la reducció del consum energètic i les consideracions constructives per a una correcta execució d'aquests sistemes enjardinats. En el primer apartat s'analitza la distribució de temperatures i humitats relatives en les diferents capes de models reals a escala de cobertes enjardinades. Les conclusions extretes d'aquestes dades preses mitjançant data-loggers, per a la ciutat de València, es comparen amb el funcionament dels mateixos sistemes constructius de coberta, dissenyats i simulats a través de models informàtics. Aquest procés permet estudiar no sols el comportament tèrmic de la coberta, sinó també el seu funcionament energètic i el possible estalvi a aconseguir en diferents hipòtesis de rehabilitació d'un habitatge, considerant també la possible intervenció sobre altres elements de l'envolupant tèrmica. El mecanisme d'evapotranspiració presenta un paper important en la dissipació de calor de les cobertes enjardinades, per la qual cosa s'aprofundeix en el seu estudi per al cas de cobertes autosuficients, és a dir, sense aportació d'aigua de reg. Aquest sistema de coberta enjardinada pretén respondre a la problemàtica escassetat d'aigua a la qual s'enfronta part del territori espanyol, especialment en la costa mediterrània en la qual se situa la ciutat de València. També s'aprofundeix en la comprensió sobre quines variables climàtiques, d'entre temperatura ambient, radiació solar i precipitacions, són més influents en aquest procés. La relació de l'evapotranspiració amb l'aigua emmagatzemada, en les capes de la coberta disposades a tal fi, queda patent, reduint-se aquest procés a menor disponibilitat d'aigua, especialment en climes com el mediterrani, amb escasses precipitacions i elevada temperatura ambiental i radiació solar. Totes les reflexions obtingudes permeten confirmar les limitacions en les pèrdues de calor per evapotranspiració derivades de l'escassetat d'aigua, la qual cosa comporta la necessitat de buscar possibles solucions que milloren el seu comportament energètic. Cadascuna de les situacions estudiades, conegudes i plantejades les seues febleses i fortaleses, permet concloure quin és el millor sistema constructiu de coberta enjardinada per al cas de rehabilitació, principal aportació d'aquest treball. En el segon i últim apartat, es realitza l'estudi constructiu d'una rehabilitació mitjançant el sistema de coberta enjardinada triat prèviament. Això permet detectar i conéixer els problemes i solucions que afrontar per a aconseguir una correcta execució, la qual suposarà millorar l'accessibilitat, manteniment, sostenibilitat i vida útil del sistema enjardinat de coberta. Comprendre el comportament energètic de les cobertes enjardinades, així com les particularitats d'instal·lació i construcció, permet ampliar la seua difusió, aplicació i els beneficis ambientals, socials i econòmics que del seu ús es deriven. / [EN] Green roofs are part of the solutions, designs and construction systems of sustainable architecture. The balance between the environmental, social and economic dimensions in order to achieve the maximum well-being and development of our societies influences how to build. The energy renovation of an increasingly aged and deteriorated housing stock allows energy consumption to be reduced from two points of view: taking advantage of already existing resources, by extending the useful life of buildings that are still structurally functional, but in thermal, health or equipment poor conditions; and reducing the energy consumption of these buildings, with the benefits that this implies for the environment, the economy and the social well-being of its users and the surroundings. This thesis delves into the energy and thermal behaviour of green roofs under renovation, structured into two sections that address the study of energy consumption reduction and construction considerations for proper execution of these vegetated systems. The first section analyses the distribution of temperatures and relative humidity in the different layers of real-scale models of green roofs. The conclusions drawn from these data taken by data-loggers, for the city of València, are compared with the running of the same roof construction systems, designed and simulated through computer models. This process makes it possible to study not only the thermal behaviour of the roof, but also its energy performance and the possible savings to be achieved in different housing renovation scenarios, also considering the possible intervention on other elements of the thermal envelope. The evapotranspiration mechanism plays an important role in the heat dissipation of green roofs, so its study is deepened in the case of self-sustaining roofs, that is, without irrigation water supply. This green roof system aims to respond to the problematic water shortage that part of the Spanish territory is facing, especially on the Mediterranean coast where the city of València is located. It also deepens the understanding of which climatic variables, among outdoor temperature, solar radiation and precipitation, are most influential in this process. The relationship of evapotranspiration with stored water, in the roof layers arranged for this purpose, is evident, reducing this process to less water availability, especially in climates such as the Mediterranean, with low precipitation and high outdoor temperature and solar radiation. All the reflections obtained make it possible to confirm the limitations in heat losses due to evapotranspiration derived from water scarcity, which entails the need to look for possible solutions that improve their energetic behaviour. Each of the situations studied, known and raised their weaknesses and strengths, allows us to conclude which is the best green roof construction system for the case of renovation, the main contribution of this work. In the second and last section, the constructive study of a renovation is carried out using the previously chosen green roof system. This makes it possible to detect and learn about the problems and solutions to be faced in order to achieve correct execution, which will mean improving the accessibility, maintenance, sustainability and useful life of the green roof system. Understanding the energy behaviour of green roofs, as well as the particularities of installation and construction, allows to expand its diffusion, application and the environmental, social and economic benefits derived from its use. / Garcia Borràs, J. (2023). Estudio hidrotérmico de cubiertas ajardinadas. Análisis y recomendaciones de diseño para una mayor eficiencia energética [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195341