Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-10T14:45:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T11:38:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T11:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 brunabastoslima.pdf: 21991046 bytes, checksum: 0d2b9c8264e3dec7cc2ff3db57180df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-30 / As características do espaço urbano, em suas dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, e as práticas de planejamento urbano podem afetar o bem-estar e a saúde da população. Por esse motivo o entorno físico do local de moradia tem sido objeto de estudo em várias áreas do conhecimento. No entanto, apesar do crescente interesse nesse tema, o estudo do impacto dos atributos urbanos de uma unidade de contexto ainda é pouco desenvolvido. Como objeto de estudo temos duas Regiões Urbanas (RU) da cidade de Juiz de Fora, MG selecionadas por terem Índices de Desenvolvimento Social (IDS) semelhantes, e dados de saúde diferentes: a RU Esplanada possui baixos índices de internação, enquanto a RU Vila Furtado de Menezes, ao contrário, possui altos índices. Desta forma, a investigação avança para o campo do urbanismo a fim de se verificar se os atributos físicos das regiões urbanas poderiam indicar a diferença entre a sua saúde urbana. Portanto a intenção desta pesquisa é analisar o ambiente urbano de maneira comparativa, visando a avaliação do espaço urbano e qualidade ambiental que justifique a diferença entre os dados de saúde. Quanto aos procedimentos, este trabalho se configura como uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e exploratória que utiliza tanto métodos qualitativos quanto quantitativos para permitir uma ampla abordagem do objeto de estudo, que se utilizou de levantamentos bibliográficos, levantamentos documentais e levantamentos físicos. O elevado número de ferramentas e análises feitas neste trabalho foram capazes de eliminar vieses e de apontar direções para a continuidade das pesquisas, já que diante da efetiva comparação dos resultados entre as ferramentas aplicadas, os dois bairros se mostraram semelhantes no que diz respeito as qualificações urbanísticas. Uma alternativa a essa questão é buscar a contribuição de outras áreas do conhecimento para possibilitar novas abordagens do objeto de estudo. / The characteristics of urban space in its environmental, social and economic, and urban planning practices can affect the welfare and health of the population. Therefore, physical surroundings of residences have been studied in various fields of knowledge. However, despite the increasing interest in this subject, the study of the impact of urban attributes of a context of unity in public health is still poorly developed. For that reason, the intent of this research is to analyze the urban environment comparatively, assessing urban space and environmental quality, and its relation to health. Two Urban Regions (RU) in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG were selected as object of this study for having Social Development Index (IDS) similar and different health data: the RU Esplanada has low commitment levels, while the RU Vila Furtado de Menezes, in contrast, has higher rates. Thus, the research advances to the urban planning field in order to verify whether the physical attributes of urban areas can indicate the difference between urban health. As for the procedures, this work is configured as a descriptive and exploratory research using both qualitative and quantitative methods to allow a broader approach to the object of study. Literature surveys, documentary surveys and physical surveys were used. The high number of tools and analyzes in this study were able to eliminate bias and have pointed directions for further studies. Comparing the results among the tools applied, the two neighborhoods were similar regarding the urbanistic qualifications. An alternative to this is to seek in a multidisciplinary way, contributions of other areas of knowledge and insights in support for new research directions. The indicative results from such studies can guide efforts to intervene in the environment where people live, in order to promote behavioral changes that improve the quality of life and health.

Os sistemas de avaliação ambiental de edifícios são cada vez mais empregados no mercado de construção, servindo de suporte para a realização de diversos estudos acadêmicos sobre esta matéria. Muitos autores e sites ressaltam os benefícios das certificações LEED e do Processo AQUA, porém poucos discutem quantitativamente os efeitos, dificuldades e motivos de sua adoção, evidenciando, dessa forma, a necessidade e a importância de pesquisas como esta. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral traçar um panorama da certificação ambiental de edifícios no Brasil, através da percepção dos principais intervenientes (stakeholder) no processo. Os objetivos principais deste trabalho consistem na identificação das motivações para a certificação de sistemas de avaliação ambiental de edifícios (LEED e Processo AQUA) e dos benefícios e dificuldades inerentes a sua implementação. Foi possível ainda efetuar várias recomendações destinadas a orientar e facilitar o processo de adoção destes sistemas, que inclui a proposta de ações a serem desenvolvidas pelas empresas, organismos de certificação e autoridades governamentais competentes. O método utilizado foi de pesquisa survey, junto a vários agentes envolvidos no processo de certificação ambiental. Para tal, foram concebidos diferentes questionários destinados a caracterizar a adoção dos sistemas de avaliação ambiental de edifícios que foram encaminhados aos empreendedores e consultores de empreendimentos certificados ou em processo de certificação. Obtiveram-se em total 21 questionários válidos que indicaram que as principais motivações para obter a certificação estão ligadas à melhoria da imagem e do empreendimento e que os principais benefícios estão relacionados com o marketing e a redução dos custos operacionais. Estes resultados também indicaram que existem dificuldades para essa adoção principalmente com a falta de integração no processo de projeto e a falta de fornecedores para materiais e tecnologias sustentáveis. / The building environmental assessment systems over the world are employing increasingly and we can find several studies concerning this subject. Many authors and websites emphasize the benefits of LEED and Process AQUA, but few discuss quantitatively the impacts, difficulties and reasons for its adoption, showing thus the need and importance of research like this. In this context, this paper aims to outline a general overview of the environmental certification of buildings in Brazil, through the key stakeholders perception (stakeholder) of the process. The main targets of this work were to identify the motivations for the environmental assessment systems for buildings and the corresponding benefits and difficulties concerning of implementation. It was also possible to make some recommendations to orientate and support the adoption of environmental assessment systems for buildings. These recomendations include the identification of actions to be implemented by companies, certification bodies and governmental authorities. In order to accomplish the defined targets, it were developed surveys which can lead to characterize the adoption of environmental assessment systems for buildings (LEED and AQUA Process). These survey was sent directly to entrepreneurs and consultants of a sample of brasilian companies with building certified or certification process (LEED and AQUA Process). It was received 21 answers that indicated that the main motivations for certification are linked to improving the image and building and that the main benefits are related to marketing and reducing operating costs. These results also indicated that there are difficulties in adopting this especially with the lack of integration in the design process and the lack of suppliers for materials and sustainable technologies.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-07T11:09:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nicoleandradedarocha.pdf: 5589274 bytes, checksum: e35a9c2511e226e70b29092b3dd7f8b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-07T21:39:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nicoleandradedarocha.pdf: 5589274 bytes, checksum: e35a9c2511e226e70b29092b3dd7f8b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T21:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nicoleandradedarocha.pdf: 5589274 bytes, checksum: e35a9c2511e226e70b29092b3dd7f8b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal testar a ferramenta OSS (Observação Social Sistemática) e suas possíveis contribuições para a arquitetura e urbanismo, de forma a aprofundar nos estudos análiticos da realidade urbana e arquitetônica brasileira, visando uma leitura adequada do espaço urbano, tanto físico, quanto formal, que permita compreender o espaço enquanto lugar e as relações que são desenvolvidas nesse contexto. Para tanto, o estudo foi aplicado em duas Regiões Urbanas (RU) de Juiz de Fora- MG, dividido em quatro etapas de estudos: na etapa quali-quantitativa (1), foi realizada uma busca sistemática no Periódicos Capes através de palavras-chave relacionados com o estudo em questão, buscando desta forma, conhecer o estado da arte, métodos mais utilizados e o contexto de aplicação das ferramentas analisadas, que possibilitassem as realizações das análises qualitativa do espaço urbano; na etapa prática (2), aplicou-se a ferramenta nas áreas selecionadas e após a compilações dos dados, expôs-se os resultados encontrados; na etapa de discussão dos resultado (3), buscou-se identificar a aplicabilidade e as limitações do uso da ferramenta; e na etapa final, realizou-se as conclusões e considerações finais (4). Entre os resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a flexibilidade destaca-se entre as vantagens da OSS, já que é possível adaptá-la há vários objetos de estudos e as várias áreas do conhecimento, uma vez que utiliza o levantamento quantitativo dos elementos da paisagem permitindo concomitantemente analises qualitativa da mesma, oportunizando o direcionamento da pesquisa de acordo com enfoco da área estudada. Entretanto, a ferramenta possibilita a análise apenas da camada mais próxima da paisagem, sem explorá-la mais profundamente e em detalhes já que atua na escala do pedestre. Além disso, a OSS se mostra interessante ao propor um processo rápido e barato da captação das camadas da paisagem mais próxima do observador. Desta forma, quando buscamos respostas, na arquitetura e urbanismo, para as questões que envolvem métricas do espaço urbano a partir de estudos sistemáticos, qualitativos e quantitativos, percebemos que existem poucos estudos desenvolvidos nesse sentido. Talvez, uma alternativa a essa questão seja o de buscar, em outras áreas do conhecimento (que é multidisciplinar), a contribuição e apoio pautados nos princípios heurísticos permitindo novos rumos para a pesquisa. / This work has as main objective to test the OSS tool (Social Systematic Observation) and their contributions to the study of architecture and urbanism, in order to deepen the analytical studies of urban reality and Brazilian architectural, seeking a proper reading of urban space, both physical, as formal, in order to understand the space as a place and the relationships that are developed in this context. Therefore, the study was applied in two Urban Regions (RU) in Juiz de Fora - MG, the study was divided into four stages: Qualitative and quantitative stage (1), was a systematic search in Portal Periodicos Capes through keywords related to the study in question, looking this way, knowing the state of the art, methods more used and the application context of the analyzed tools that would enable the achievements of qualitative analysis of urban space; Practice stage (2) in which the tool was applied in selected areas and after compilation of data and was explained the results; Discussion of the result (3), we sought to identify the applicability and limitations of the tool; and in the last stage the final conclusions (4). Among the results, we can conclude that flexibility stands out like advantages of OSS, because it is possible to adapt it for several objects of study and the various areas of knowledge, since it uses the quantitative survey of landscape elements concurrently allowing qualitative analysis thereof. However the tool allows the analysis only in the layer closest to the landscape without exploring it more deeply and in detail. This tool shows interesting on to propose a quick and inexpensive process of capturing the landscape layers in the pedestrian scale, even if it is the closest to the observer. Thus, when we seek answers, in architecture and urbanism, to the issues surrounding metrics of urban space from systematic, qualitative and quantitative studies, we realize that there are few studies in this direction. Perhaps an alternative to this question is to seek, in other areas of knowledge that is multidisciplinary, the contribution of knowledge, support and insights for new directions of research.

A conservação da biodiversidade tornou-se uma preocupação mundial devido ao aumento da taxa de extinção de espécies. Mesmo assim a importância da biodiversidade freqüentemente é subestimada, não sendo considerado seu papel chave na evolução e adaptação à mudança de ambientes e no fornecimento de bens e serviços para a humanidade. O Brasil tem importância central na conservação da biodiversidade mundial (é o primeiro em Megadiversidade e em Áreas Selvagens e possui dois Hotspots), sendo indispensável implementar instrumentos que contemplem a inclusão da biodiversidade no planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo. Visto que ainda não foi claramente definido como integrar efetivamente a biodiversidade nesse processo, este estudo investigou instrumentos indicados para esse fim, especialmente o Zoneamento Ambiental (ZA) e a Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AAE). O estudo de caso foi realizado no município de Brotas-SP. Primeiramente foram sobrepostos critérios e áreas prioritárias para a biodiversidade em escala nacional, estadual e municipal para a elaboração do mapa das áreas prioritárias para conservação e recuperação da biodiversidade local utilizando o programa IDRISI Andes Edition. Os resultados mostram que princípios e objetivos abordados em diversas escalas e em outros instrumentos de planejamento podem ser integrados ao processo de AAE. Também foram gerados modelos de distribuição de grandes mamíferos Chrysocyon brachyurus (loboguará), Leopardus pardalis (jaguatirica) e Puma concolor (onça-parda) para a região central do Estado de São Paulo (Brotas e municípios do seu entorno). Para isso, foram utilizados dados biológicos do banco de dados do Programa Biota-FAPESP aos quais foi aplicado o modelo MAXENT. As técnicas de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica aplicadas neste estudo permitiram integrar princípios e objetivos relacionados à biodiversidade já abordados em outros instrumentos e estabelecidos em níveis nacionais, estaduais e municipais ao planejamento espacial. A modelagem permitiu a determinação da adequabilidade ambiental das áreas testadas e a inclusão dessas áreas como critérios a serem considerados ao planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo. Os resultados da modelagem mostraram que o território de Brotas abrange áreas altamente adequadas para as três espécies estudadas. Os mapas gerados foram reclassificados para a elaboração dos mapas das áreas prioritárias para conservação de grandes mamíferos na região central do Estado de São Paulo. Tanto o mapa de áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade local quanto o mapa de áreas prioritárias para grandes mamíferos elaborados nesse estudo podem ser incluídos no planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo, tanto em ZAs como em AAEs. As técnicas utilizadas nesse estudo podem embasar a escolha de alternativas de uso e ocupação do solo, direcionando a alocação de Reservas Legais - RLs -, subsidiando a elaboração de ações de recuperação da biodiversidade e direcionando estratégias de manejo. / Biodiversity conservation has become a worldwide concern due to the increased rate of species extinction. Nevertheless, the importance of biodiversity is often underestimated and its key role in the evolution, adaptation to changing environments and the supply of goods and services to humanity is not considered. Brazil has a central importance in global biodiversity conservation (its the first in Megadiversity and Wilderness Areas, and it has two hotspots). Therefore, the implementation of tools that address the inclusion of biodiversity in land-use planning is essential. Seeing that how to integrate biodiversity in this process has not been clearly defined, this study investigated tools for integrate the biodiversity in land-use planning, specially the zoning and the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). The case study has been the municipality of Brotas, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Firstly, criteria and priority areas for biodiversity at the national, state and municipal level have been overlapping using the software IDRISI Andes Edition to prepare the map of priority areas for conservation and recovery of local biodiversity. The results indicate that the principles and objectives discussed at various scales and in other planning tools can be integrated by the use of Geographic Information System (GIS). In addition, models of distribution of great mammals - Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot) and Puma concolor (puma) have been generated for the central region of São Paulo (Brotas and its surrounding cities). For this, biological data from the database of the Biota-FAPESP have been used and the software MAXENT has been applied. Modeling results show that the study area is highly suitable for the three species. The maps of models have been reclassified to prepare maps of priority areas for conservation in the central region of São Paulo. The both final maps developed in this study (map of priority areas for conservation of local biodiversity and maps of priority areas for large mammals) may be included in zoning and SEA process. The techniques applied in this study permit to integrate the principles and objectives relating to biodiversity in land-use planning, supporting the choice of alternatives for use and occupation, basing the allocation of legal reserves, subsidizing the development of management actions and guide decision makers to choose the best alternatives for development.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-07-27T17:17:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Veronica do Nascimento Nadruz.pdf: 1356309 bytes, checksum: ed51603b2d566238f8577ee2ab275df9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-27T17:17:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Veronica do Nascimento Nadruz.pdf: 1356309 bytes, checksum: ed51603b2d566238f8577ee2ab275df9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / The evaluation of the extent of the issue of climate change through the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has been the subject of research at the International Academy, with a view to the requirement of the Sea and the need to meet the greenhouse gas reduction targets (GHG) in European countries. In Brazil, the Sea is not mandatory and experiences with the use of the instrument are rare in the country, known only about 40 SEA reports. Regarding climate change, although the national commitments to reduce emissions across the world are few, the country has been structuring in the public and private sector to face its consequences: in 2009 we established the National Climate Change Policy that among a number of resolutions and guidelines for 2020 provides a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases by 36.1% to 38.9%. In this context, this research has as main objective to analyze the issue of climate change in the Brazilian practice of SEA applied to national planning (energy, regional development, transport and tourism). Thus, we selected 35 studies of SEA from the 40 studies known in the country. As a method was adopted and tested a published script, the criterion proposed by Wende et al. (2011), and performed the analyzes under four perspectives: 1) individual of each SEA report; 2) comparative between different categories of planning; 3) time on the legal framework of the promulgation of National Climate Change Policy and 4) overall on the scope of climate change in the practice of Brazilian SEA. The survey results show that, in general, the transport sector is the best performer among the four categories analyzed, as 8 out of 10 reports of this sector considered climate issues. The research also concludes that in Brazil the issue of climate change is not widely considered in national planning subsidized by the SEA. / A avaliação da extensão do tema mudanças climáticas, por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica (AEE), tem sido motivo de pesquisa na academia internacional, tendo em vista à obrigatoriedade da AEE e a necessidade de se cumprir as metas de redução de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) nos países europeus. No Brasil, a AEE não é obrigatória e as experiências com o uso do instrumento são raras no país, sendo conhecidos apenas cerca de 40 relatórios de AEE. No que tange às mudanças climáticas, embora os compromissos nacionais para redução de emissões frente ao mundo sejam poucos, o país vem se estruturando no âmbito público e privado para enfrentar suas consequências: em 2009, foi estabelecida a Política Nacional de Mudança do Clima (Pnmc), que, entre uma série de deliberações e orientações, prevê para 2020 uma redução na emissão dos GEE de 36,1% a 38,9%. Diante desse contexto, essa pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar o tema mudanças climáticas na prática brasileira de AEE aplicada ao planejamento nacional (energia, desenvolvimento regional, transporte e turismo). Para tanto, foram selecionados 35 estudos de AEE entre os 40 estudos conhecidos no país. Como método, adotou-se um roteiro publicado e testado. O critério foi proposto por Wende et al. (2011), e as análises foram realizadas sob 4 perspectivas: 1) individual de cada relatório de AEE; 2) comparativa entre diferentes Categorias de planejamento; 3) temporal quanto ao marco legal da promulgação da Pnmc e 4) global quanto à abrangência das mudanças climáticas na prática de AEE brasileira. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que, de maneira geral, o setor de transporte apresenta os melhores resultados entre as quatro categorias analisadas, pois 8 dos 10 relatórios desse setor consideraram as questões climáticas. A pesquisa conclui, ainda, que no Brasil o tema mudanças climáticas não está amplamente considerado no planejamento nacional subsidiado pela AEE.

博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Enligt FN använder byggsektorn 40 % av de globala resurserna (UNEP - Buildings, 2017).Byggbranschen har stor inverkan på dagens samhälle och på byggarbetsplatser cirkulerar mångakemiska ämnen. JM använder liksom övriga i sektorn mycket byggmaterial. Materialet som användskan innehålla kemikalier som är skadliga för människa och miljö, det vill JM ändra på. JM strävarefter att fasa ut material med farliga egenskaper men kommunikationen med tillverkare ochleverantörer försvårar i vissa fall arbetet.Syftet med rapporten är att undersöka vilka alternativ JM har för att komma fram till smidigarelösningar vid byte av material och att undersöka hur kommunikationen är mellan JM och tillverkarna.Målet med studien är att komma fram till smidiga lösningar för hur JM snabbare och enklare skakunna byta ut material till mer miljövänliga alternativ.För att komma fram till ett resultat har författarna till rapporten genomfört intervjuer, litteraturstudieroch gjort efterforskningar i JMs miljövarudatabas. Resultatet av studien är att kommunikationenmellan JM och leverantörerna kan förbättras, från båda sidor. Det framkom också att ett effektivt sättatt byta ut produkter till mer miljövänliga är att regelbundet ha kontakt med leverantörerna. Ytterligareett sätt för att ta fram en miljövänlig produkt är att flera branschledande företag arbetar tillsammans. / According to the UN the building sector uses 40 % of the global resources (UNEP - Buildings, 2017).The construction industry has a major impact on the society and on building sites there are manychemical substances in circulation. Like the rest of the sector JM uses a lot of construction materials.The used material may contain chemicals that are harmful to humans and the environment which issomething that JM wants to change. JM strives to eliminate the use of materials with hazardouscharacteristics but the communication with suppliers and subcontracts complicates the work, in somecases.The purpose of the report is to investigate what options JM has in order to find flexible solutions formaterial replacement and to investigate how the communication is between JM and the manufacturers.The aim of the report is to achieve a solution for how to JM faster and more simply should exchangematerials with more environmentally friendly alternativesTo achieve a result the researchers of this report have conducted interviews, literature studies andinvestigations in JMs environmental product database. The result of the study is that communicationbetween JM and the suppliers could improve from both sides. It was also found that an effective wayto switch products to more environmentally friendly alternatives is to keep a regularly contact with thesuppliers. Another way to develop an environmentally friendly product is through the cooperation ofseveral industry-leading companies.

The building sector is one of the largest energy consumers and there are global efforts toward sustainable and energy-efficient new buildings and existing buildings retrofit. The application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in environmental assessment was practiced and studied following the increasing number of projects adopting the BIM workflows and pursuing green building certifications. The interest of this thesis is to study the use of different Building Information Modelling tools used globally for energy and environmental assessment to examine their practical benefits and challenges. Case studies of two primary school buildings that achieved the Swedish Miljöbyggnad system were used to compare what could have been achieved with Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) categories of energy and atmosphere and indoor environmental quality to what has been achieved in similar Miljöbyggnad areas. A review and summary of energy and atmosphere and indoor environmental categories in the LEED version 4 user’s guide is presented to evaluate the case study potential score in them. The early adoption of modeling in the evaluation from the conceptual design is the best approach to achieve better performance. It will improve the way of working and result in a more efficient and sustainable building. The Building Information Modelling software can be used directly in assessment using the integrated modules within the popular authoring tools such as Revit’s lighting and Insight the cloud base service or by transferring the model data to a stand-alone tool like IDA-ICE. The energy plug-ins of the authoring tools such as Revit are still lacking full control over the analytical model and the limited input options. The identified and discussed advantages of Building Information Modelling implementation are collaboration, accuracy, time, and cost saving. Data exchange issues, knowledge, and the differences in assessment tools were discussed as implementation barriers. Although the full comparison of certification systems is difficult, the comparison between the potential LEED score and achieved Miljöbyggnad rating showed some differences and similarities in the rating systems. The comparison requires rearranging the rating system indicators into unified categories. The framework that compares the scope, structure, content, and aggregation, would give a meaningful comparison. The way that the LEED and Miljöbyggnad are rewarding the indicators and the aggregation of aspects towards the final rating is totally different.

För att nå en hållbar utveckling måste förhållandet mellan människor och miljö beaktas genom att ta hänsyn till ekologiska, sociala och ekonomiska aspekter. Proportionerna mellan dessa aspekter är inte lika då det visat sig att ekologisk hållbarhet är en förutsättning för social och ekonomisk hållbarhet. För att begränsa klimatpåverkan måste utsläpp av växthusgaser minska, och det innebär att det måste ske en omställning inom bland annat transportsektorn. Regeringen anger att utsläppen av växthusgaser inom transportsektorn måste minska kraftigt och i en snabbare takt för att i princip vara noll år 2045.  Under våren 2021 påbörjade Region Västernorrland processen med att revidera den gällande infrastrukturplanen som gäller mellan åren 2018–2029. Planen revideras vart fjärde år och den pågående revideringen kommer att omfatta åren 2022–2033. I samband med revideringen pågår också en strategisk miljöbedömning (SMB) för att integrera hållbarhetsaspekter i planprocessen på bästa sätt. SMB är ett lagstadgat verktyg för att integrera hållbarhetsaspekter i planering och beslutsfattning under framtagandet av planer och program som väntas ha en betydande miljöpåverkan. Eftersom regionala infrastrukturplaner förväntas ha betydande miljöpåverkan ska en SMB tas fram i samband med planprocessen, vilket Region Västernorrland gör. Det övergripande syftet med fallstudien i Region Västernorrland är att bidra med en djupare förståelse och kunskap om hur regioner på bästa sätt kan arbeta med SMB i samband med framtagandet av en regional infrastrukturplan.  Resultatet av studien visar att Region Västernorrland har utvecklat sitt arbete med SMB till en mer strategisk process jämfört med föregående planeringsprocess. De har tagit med sig erfarenheter gällande till exempel dokumentation och att säkerställa att deltagarna får relevant grundkunskap inför processen. Regionen är förändringsbenägna och vill utveckla sitt arbete med SMB, trots detta upplevs processen som svår eftersom det inte finns någon vedertagen vägledning för en strategisk process. Förhoppningen med en mer strategisk process, där miljöbedömningen startar tidigt i planprocessen, är att den kommer kunna påverka planen i en större utsträckning än tidigare.  Resultatet visar att det finns utvecklingspotential inom regionen men även nationellt. Inom branschen rekommenderas att ta fram en vägledning för hur en SMB kan tas fram som inte baseras på den specifika miljöbedömningens metod och att det skapas en plattform för att utbyta erfarenheter. Vidare rekommenderas regionen att besluta om ett överordnat mål för att förenkla hantering av konflikter mellan mål. För att bidra med viktig kunskap till nästa process, rekommenderas det att både små och stora beslut dokumenteras i en beslutslogg och att det sker en strukturerad erfarenhetsåterföring i slutet av processen. / The system between humankind and the environment is key in the work towards sustainable development, and the aspects of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. The proportions of these aspects are not equal, as it has been shown that ecological sustainability is the foundation for social and economic sustainability. A decrease in greenhouse gas emissions is a necessity to limit the impacts on the climate, a change in approach will be essential in e.g., the transport sector. The emissions from the transport sector must start decreasing by a log and at a faster pace to reach the goal of essentially zero emissions by 2045.  The region of Västernorrland in Sweden started the process of revising the current transport plan during the spring of 2021. The transport plan contains national investments in regional transportation infrastructure e.g., investments in roads and railways. The plan is revised every fourth year and the revised plan will cover the years 2022-2033. In connection to the revision a strategic environmental assessment (SEA) was conducted to integrate sustainability aspects to the process. SEA is in Sweden compulsory by law as a tool to integrate sustainability aspects into the planning process and the decision making for plans and programs that are expected to have a significant environmental impact. As the regional transportation plan is expected to have significant environmental impact, an SEA needs to be conducted along with the revision process of the transportational plan, as the region of Västernorrland does. The aim of this case study is to contribute with a deeper understanding and knowledge of how regions can work with SEA in relation to the revision of regional transportation plans.  The results of the study show that Region Västernorrland have developed their work with SEA towards a more strategic process, compared to the previous revision process. They have developed their work with documentation of the process and ensured they provide relative knowledge to the participants of the process in advance. The region is inclined to change and develop their work with SEA, however, do the process come across as difficult due to that there are no established guidance for the strategic process. The expectation with a more strategic process is that the assessment will start earlier in the planning process and result in a greater influence on the plan than previously. The results also show that there is an opportunity for development within the region but also nationally. A recommendation is to develop a guide that describes and exemplifies how the process for SEA can be performed in a strategic way and create a platform that enables experience exchange. Further it is recommended to decide on a superior goal to simplify when goals are conflicting, this would help in the process of handling these conflicts. Also, to document all decisions in a structured decision log and ensure that there is a structured process to incorporate experience from previous processes.

Klimatförändringar, en ökande urbanisering samt en degraderad biologisk mångfald är utmaningar som gör att våra samhällen behöver anpassas och ställa om genom hållbara lösningar. Naturen kan hjälpa oss med flera av dessa utmaningar, tack vare det som kallas ekosystemtjänster (EST). EST är de nyttor, i form av tjänster och produkter, som naturen tillhandahåller människan vilka bidrar till vårt välmående och vår välfärd. Genom att lyfta fram ett EST-perspektiv i planering och beslutsfattande kan hållbara lösningar främjas för att möta framtidens behov, och för detta har miljöbedömningar identifierats som lämpliga verktyg. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur väl ett EST-perspektiv i dagsläget integreras i miljöbedömningar, samt vilka utmaningar och förbättringsmöjligheter det finns för arbetet framgent. Detta har undersökts med konsultens roll i fokus. Metoden har involverat en litteraturstudie, en dokumentgranskning där miljöbedömningar för detaljplan har granskats, samt en mindre intervjustudie. Resultaten tyder på att konsulten har stor möjlighet att initiera ett EST-perspektiv i miljöbedömningar, och eventuellt även ett ansvar. Dock har ett antal utmaningar identifierats som gör att EST-perspektivet till stor del blir projekt- och kundberoende. En första utmaning är att termen ekosystemtjänster inte finns med i lagtext, vilket gör att den generella uppfattningen är att det inte finns tydligt ställda krav på att inkludera EST i miljöbedömningar. Detta gör i sin tur att ett EST-perspektivet sällan efterfrågas, varken av beställare eller Länsstyrelsen. På grund av detta läggs inte tillräckliga resurser på detta arbete. En andra utmaning är att det i dagsläget inte finns något standardiserat arbetssätt för att systematiskt arbeta med EST i miljöbedömningar. Arbetet framgent behöver därför fokusera på att ta fram ett sådant arbetssätt, så att EST kan integreras i miljöbedömningar på ett effektivt och träffsäkert sätt, och därigenom bidra till mervärden för miljöbedömningen genom ett holistiskt perspektiv. Denna studie har tagit fram ett antal rekommendationer för hur detta arbetssätt skulle kunna utformas. / Climate change, an increasing urbanization and a degraded biodiversity are challenges that force our cities to adapt to new conditions, by implementing sustainable solutions. Nature can help us handle these challenges by something called ecosystem services (ES). ES are benefits provided by the ecosystems - through services and products - which contribute to human well-being. By adopting an ES perspective in planning and decision-making we can promote sustainable solutions to meet the future needs. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) have been identified as suitable tools for this. The aim of this study is to examine how well an ES perspective is integrated in environmental assessments today, and to identify challenges and improvements for this work. This has been examined with the role of the consultant in focus. The methods of the study include a literature review, a document analysis where SEAs for detailed development plans are reviewed, and an interview study. The results indicate that the consultant has a large possibility to initiate an ES perspective into the EIA and SEA processes, and possibly also a responsibility of doing so. Furthermore, it has been shown that ES can contribute to added value to the environmental assessments through a holistic perspective. However, several challenges have been identified which makes the ES perspective dependent on the conditions of the project as well as the client’s ambitions. A first challenge is that the term ‘ecosystem service’ is not included in legislation. Because of this ES are seldomly asked for, neither from the clients nor the county administrative board, which are two important actors for setting the scope of the assessment. Consequently, not enough resources are allocated to the work of integrating an ES perspective. Another challenge is that there is no standardized method of systematically implementing an ES perspective into the assessments. Thus, future work needs to focus on developing this methodology, in order to integrate ES into the assessments in an effective and accurate way. The study presents a set of recommendations on how to develop the future work.