Tong Hung Man Joanna. / "June 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-149). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-03-04T22:47:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_PrevalenciaAssociacaoInfeccao.pdf: 2255998 bytes, checksum: 85c21936601cf37e19d262c93f44422c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-03-07T12:30:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_PrevalenciaAssociacaoInfeccao.pdf: 2255998 bytes, checksum: 85c21936601cf37e19d262c93f44422c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-03-07T12:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Tese_PrevalenciaAssociacaoInfeccao.pdf: 2255998 bytes, checksum: 85c21936601cf37e19d262c93f44422c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / As neoplasias gástricas são a segunda maior causa de morte por câncer e apesar das descobertas sobre a fisiopatologia das células tumorais, o câncer é considerado como, no melhor das hipóteses, minimamente controlado pela medicina moderna. O carcinoma gástrico é uma das poucas neoplasias malignas nas quais os agentes infecciosos tem um importante papel etiológico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi pesquisar a prevalência e o grau de associação da infecção por Helicobacter pylori e do vírus de Epstein-Barr em adenocarcinoma gástrico, em uma população do norte do Brasil. Foram analisadas 125 amostras de adenocarcinoma gástrico que foram submetidas à técnica de PCR para detecção de H. pylori e da cepa cagA de H. pylori, à técnica de hibridização in situ para detecção do EBV e à análise histopatológica para determinação de características clínico-patológicas e epidemiológicas. Observou-se o maior acometimento de pacientes do sexo masculino (68%) e de faixa etária acima de 50 anos (78%). A prevalência encontrada para H. pylori foi de 88%, e foi considerada alta quando comparada a estudos anteriores na região norte. A prevalência encontrada para o EBV foi de 9,6%. Os pacientes positivos para H. pylori-cagA+ apresentaram um risco relativo aumentado para adenocarcinoma do tipo intestinal. A frequência para os estádios III e IV foi de 82,4%, evidenciando que o diagnóstico desta neoplasia é geralmente realizado tardiamente. Os casos positivos para urease apresentaram um fator de risco relativo (OR=4,231) maior que quatro vezes, para H. pylori-cagA+, que é a cepa mais virulenta de H. pylori. Não houve significância estatística para a associação entre H. pylori e EBV na população estudada, porém os casos positivos para EBV apresentaram 100% de positividade para H. pylori, sugerindo uma possível atuação sinérgica destes agentes na carcinogênese gástrica. / Gastric neoplasias are the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and although discoveries over physio-pathology of tumour cells, cancer is considered, to the best of our knowledge, minimally controlled by modern medicine. Gastric carcinoma is among the few malignant neoplasms in which infectious agents play an important role. The aim of the present work was to research the prevalence and the association of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus infection in gastric adenocarcinoma in a northern population of Brazil. A hundred twenty-five samples of gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed by PCR to detect H. pylori and pathogenic genotype H. pylori-cagA+, by in situ hybridization to detect EBV, and by histopathological analysis to determine epidemiologic and clinico-pathological data. It was observed a higher frequency in male patients (68%) as much as older patients (78%). Prevalence to H. pylori was 88%, and it was considered high when compared to early studies in northern region of Brasil. To EBV the prevalence was 9,6%. Patients H. pylori-cagA+ showed increased relative risk to intestinal type adenocarcinoma. The case’s frequency to III and IV stages of the disease was 82,4%, demonstrating that the diagnostic to this neoplasia has been done late. The urease positive cases presented a higher than four-fold relative risk (OR=4,231) to H. pylori-cagA+, the more pathogenic genotype. There wasn’t statistical significance to the association between H. pylori and EBV in the studied population; however the EBV positive cases showed 100% positivity to H. pylori suggesting a possible synergistic relation of these agents in gastric carcinogenesis.

The purpose of this study was to examine specific parenting practices in four East Tennessee counties to determine their relationships, if any, to student achievement among various demographic groups. The investigation included status variables, such as parents' educational level, annual income level, and family structure. Students' Normal Curve Equivalent scores on the Terra Nova Standardized Test were used to measure student achievement. The Epstein (1987) typologies were used to classify parent involvement modalities. The analysis consisted of four research questions and were tested at the .05 level of significance. Pearson's product-moment, Spearman's rho, and Kendall's Tau B correlation coefficients were used to analyze the degree of relationship between Epstein's six typologies and student achievement. A t-test was used to describe the relationship between student achievement and the number of parents in the home. One-way Analyses of Variance were used to describe the relationships between student achievement and parents' educational and income levels. Kruskal Wallis tests were used to analyze differences in parental involvement by the number of parents in the home, parental income, and education levels. A Hierarchical Regression Analysis was also used to determine the extent to which parents' income, educational levels, and family structure assist in predicting student achievement. The sample consisted of 413 students in grade 4 in four counties in East Tennessee. Two schools were selected from each county as a representative sample of the population. The results of this study indicate significant relationships between student achievement and the parental involvement typologies of volunteering, learning at home, decision-making, and collaborating with the community. The relationships between student achievement and parental involvement in conjunction with parents' educational and income levels were also significant. Both parental involvement typologies and family demographics emphasize goals which are achieved most effectively when families and schools work together.

Zervikale Lymphknoten stellen einen typischen Manifestationsort des klassischen Hodgkin-Lymphoms dar. Eine primäre extranodale Manifestation dieses Tumors wird in der Mehrheit der wissenschaftlichen Berichte als selten angesehen. Diese Dissertation hatte zum Ziel, möglichst viele Fälle mit dem speziellen Krankheitsbild eines klassischen Hodgkin-Lymphoms mit primär extranodaler Manifestation im Kopf-Hals-Bereich zu analysieren. Anhand der ermittelten Ergebnisse sollten Antworten auf bislang offene Fragestellungen gegeben werden. In der ersten Datenerhebungsphase wurde eine umfangreiche Analyse der bislang zu dieser Thematik veröffentlichten deutsch- und englischsprachigen Fachliteratur durchgeführt. Aus den Jahren 1924 bis 2010 konnten 103 einzeln aufgelistete Patienten ermittelt werden. Diese geeigneten Fallberichte wurden mit allen verfügbaren Einzelheiten zu histologischen, epidemiologischen und klinischen Befunden tabellarisch dokumentiert. In der zweiten Phase der Datenerhebung wurde am Lymphknotenreferenzzentrum des pathologischen Institutes der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg ein eigenes Patientenkollektiv ermittelt. Von 1999 bis zum Jahr 2008 konnten 21 Patienten analysiert werden. Auch dieses Kollektiv wurde auf histologische, epidemiologische und klinische Parameter untersucht. Die herausgearbeiteten Ergebnisse der 124 Patienten wurden in allen Einzelheiten diskutiert und die eingangs aufgestellten Fragestellungen abschließend beantwortet. / Most patients with classical Hodgkin´s disease show a typical involvement of cervical nodal regions. In rare instances a primary extranodal manifestation is described. This dissertation aims to identify as many cases as possible with a particular pattern of disease: classical Hodgkin´s lymphoma primary involving extranodal head and neck sites. Based on the determined results some important questions concerning this special disease should be answered. During the first phase of research an extensive analysis of the German and English literature was carried out. From the year 1924 to 2010 103 patients were analyzed. These suitable case reports were documented in tabular form with all available details on histological, epidemiplogical and clinical results. In the second phase of data evaluation the database of the pathological institute of the Julius-Maximilians University Würzburg was searched for further cases. Between the year 1999 and 2008 21 case reports were found and analyzed. This collective was also examined for histological, epidemiological and clinical parameters. The results of the 124 patients were discussed in all details and the expressed questions were answered in conclusion.

<p>Med utgångspunkt i teoribegreppen fysionomi och fotogeni analyseras närbilderna av Anna Karinas ansikte i Vivre sa vie (Jean –Luc Godard, 1962). Arbetet inleds med en teoretisk re-dogörelse av begreppens uppkomst, innebörd och användningsområde. Fokus i den här delen är kring Jean Epstein och Béla Balázs texter om begreppen och dess framväxt på 1920-talet. Vivre sa vie är uppdelad i 12 episoder, i 6 av dem förekommer närbilder av ansiktet som ingår i arbetets filmanalys. Syftet är att hitta spår av begreppen i närbilderna, samt av resultatet där-ifrån undersöka tolkningsvarianter av närbildernas narrativ.</p><p>Genom att ställa begreppen mot varandra och koppla dem till senare teorier inom området, belyses och problematiseras diskursen ytterligare. Filmbilder som plockas ur sitt sammanhang och sätts ihop efter varandra skapar nya narrativa aspekter, detta undersöks i arbetet. Kopplingar görs till dansken Carl.T. Dreyers filmstil i slutet av stumfilmsepoken. Andra äm-nen som behandlas i uppsatsen är identitetsproblematiken i den moderna storstaden och dis-kursen kring bildens moral och konstens aura.</p><p>Teorier kring filmens narrativ kopplas främst till David Bordwell´s text Narration in the Fic-tion Film. Där han menar att Vivre sa vie handlar om problem med kommunikation på olika sätt. Vidare menar han att filmens handling kan tolkas som att den kretsar kring filmmediet generellt. Resultatet av filmanalysen gav utläsbara spår av fysionomi i ansiktets mimik. Det var besvärligare att visa på närbildernas fotogena innehåller. I filmens ljud och i abstraktionen av ansiktet finns dock kopplingar till fotogenibegreppet.</p>

This dissertation is a comparative study of the concept of the figural in relation to moving images with three case studies on filmmaker and writer Jean Epstein (1897-1953), video artist Bill Viola (1951-) and the cd-rom art magazine Artintact 1-5 (1994-1999). The conceptually focused case studies also enable a comparison between the different media technologies of film, video and new digital media. The figural is a concept originally used by Jean-François Lyotard and has resurfaced in the works of Jacques Aumont, Philippe Dubois, Nicole Brenez and D. N. Rodowick. Building on ideas expressed by these writers I show how the figural is a concept describing a border zone between abstraction and representation, where focus is on the image as event and process, and various effects due to image manipulation. I argue that a figural approach enables a more nuanced understanding of visual materiality as well as of new relationships between image and text. I also show how the figural can be understood as part of a ”new aestheticism”, where the relationship between viewer and image is emphasised. On a conceptual level the figural is put in relation to the concept of a ”haptic visuality” and the so-called ”post-medium condition”. In the reading of Jean Epstein the figural is used to foreground aspects of ”thinking with images”, and of a ”temporal perspective” as a new visual matter. In the case of Bill Viola the figural is to be found for example in his frequent use of slow motion as an embodied visuality. In the case of Artintact the figural is used to show how digital media is not as immaterial as often claimed, on the contrary the digital brings a new importance for visual materiality. Taken together these aspects introduce the figural as an important element for our understanding of visual culture.

The quality of immune responses develops from birth into adulthood and in the context of the host microbial environment. The aim of this work was to study immune maturation during childhood, and how this process can be affected by the common herpesviruses; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). In paper I we studied monocytes, an important cell type for immunity in the newborn. We showed that the neonatal monocyte subsets exist in similar frequencies as adult subsets, and have a potent capacity for pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In paper II, III and IV we studied the effects of EBV and CMV infections on immune cell function in children. In paper II we found that monocyte-induced NK-cell production of IFN-γ, and plasma IFN-γ levels, were decreased in 2-year old EBV- and/or CMV-seropositive children and mostly so in co-infected children. In paper III we found that in 5-year old children, EBV and CMV co-infection was associated with the highest levels of differentiated NKG2C+ NK cells. CMV+ children had higher plasma IFN-γ and IL-15 levels and higher NK-cell cytotoxic capacity. In vitro PBMC systems showed elevated frequencies of NKG2C+ NK cells in the presence of EBV-infected cells. In paper IV we showed that a child’s age and subsequent capacity for anti-viral cytokine production affects in vitro EBV infection in terms of B-cell proliferation and B-cell acquisition of memory phenotype. PBMC from CMV+ children had lower EBV-induced accumulation of switched memory B cells, which was connected to high prevalence of CD57+CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ production. Taken together, this thesis work shows that monocyte subsets at birth can give potent functional responses and that latency with EBV and CMV has a significant effect on the differentiation process and functional capacity of anti-viral effector cells during childhood. This in turn could affect responses to related or unrelated infections or even to non-invasive antigens such as allergens. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2009.

published_or_final_version / Biochemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Med utgångspunkt i teoribegreppen fysionomi och fotogeni analyseras närbilderna av Anna Karinas ansikte i Vivre sa vie (Jean –Luc Godard, 1962). Arbetet inleds med en teoretisk re-dogörelse av begreppens uppkomst, innebörd och användningsområde. Fokus i den här delen är kring Jean Epstein och Béla Balázs texter om begreppen och dess framväxt på 1920-talet. Vivre sa vie är uppdelad i 12 episoder, i 6 av dem förekommer närbilder av ansiktet som ingår i arbetets filmanalys. Syftet är att hitta spår av begreppen i närbilderna, samt av resultatet där-ifrån undersöka tolkningsvarianter av närbildernas narrativ. Genom att ställa begreppen mot varandra och koppla dem till senare teorier inom området, belyses och problematiseras diskursen ytterligare. Filmbilder som plockas ur sitt sammanhang och sätts ihop efter varandra skapar nya narrativa aspekter, detta undersöks i arbetet. Kopplingar görs till dansken Carl.T. Dreyers filmstil i slutet av stumfilmsepoken. Andra äm-nen som behandlas i uppsatsen är identitetsproblematiken i den moderna storstaden och dis-kursen kring bildens moral och konstens aura. Teorier kring filmens narrativ kopplas främst till David Bordwell´s text Narration in the Fic-tion Film. Där han menar att Vivre sa vie handlar om problem med kommunikation på olika sätt. Vidare menar han att filmens handling kan tolkas som att den kretsar kring filmmediet generellt. Resultatet av filmanalysen gav utläsbara spår av fysionomi i ansiktets mimik. Det var besvärligare att visa på närbildernas fotogena innehåller. I filmens ljud och i abstraktionen av ansiktet finns dock kopplingar till fotogenibegreppet.