Von besonderem Interesse bei dieser Arbeit ist die Ontologie PATO (für entsprechendes OBO-Dokument siehe [Gko11]). Es handelt sich dabei um eine Ontologie von Qualitäten. Dementsprechend sind dort Konzepte wie concentration of (PATO:0000033) oder color (PATO:0000014) definiert. Diese Qualitäten können in Verbindung mit Konzepten spezies-spezifischer Ontologien (z. B. ChEBI oder MA) zur Beschreibung von Phänotypen genutzt werden. Hierbei treten jedoch einige Probleme auf, die im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeit aufgezeigt und gelöst werden.

The ever-increasing awareness of global warming has made the building industry startlooking for alternative building solutions in order to meet the changing demands. Thesechallenges have given rise to organization which aim to go further and construct moresustainable alternatives in the form of Ecovillages. This thesis is conducted in collaborationwith Bysjöstrans Ekoby and aims to investigate what type of organic alternatives exist andhow they perform in building elements.The study was carried out through a comparative LCA where a base case construction forboth roof and wall was established. Followed by comparing different organic materials toeach other and the base case materials in order to determine low-impact materials. The goalwas to replaces as many layers within the structure such as insulation, structure, roofcladding, façade, wind and vapor barrier.This was later followed by combing the materials together in order to identify whichalternative construction options would perform the best in regard to greenhouse gasemissions (CO2 eq kg) and primary energy use (MJ).The results of the study show that the performance or organic materials vary significantly.Whit a lot of materials being better but also worse than traditional materials. It showed thatfor internal wall and roof surface adding clay plater can reduce the GHG emission with 68%, timber frame with 98 %, façade with 43 %, roof cladding with 93 %, vapor barrier with76 % and insulation with 79 %. The best preforming construction option could reduce thebase case emission with 68 %.

Background: Open and closed fractures can be associated with posttraumatic or postoperative soft tissue defects caused by initial trauma, operative procedures, or infections. This study evaluated the postoperative outcomes in patients with open or closed lower leg fractures, related soft tissue defects, and subsequent flap coverage. Methods: We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study in a level 1 trauma center. We analyzed the patients treated from January 2012 through December 2017 and recorded demographics, treatment, and outcome data. The outcome data were measured via patient-reported Foot and Ankle Outcomes Scores (FAOS) and EQ-5D-5L scores. Results: We included 22 patients with complicated fractures (11 open and 11 closed) and subsequent soft tissue defects and flap coverages. The mean follow-up time was 41.2 months. Twenty-one patients developed infections, and necrosis at the site of surgery manifested in all closed fractures. Therefore, all patients needed soft tissue reconstructions. Preoperatively, 16 patients underwent arterial examinations via angiography and six underwent ultrasound examinations of the venous system. Ten patients had complications involving the flaps due to ischemia and consequent necrosis. The mean EQ-5D index was 0.62 ± 0.27, and EQ-5D VAS score was 57.7 ± 20.2. The mean FAOS was 60.7 ± 22.2; in particular, quality of life was 32.3 ± 28.8. The rate of returning to work in our patient group was 37.5% after 1 year. Conclusions: Distal tibial fractures often require revisions and soft tissue reconstruction. The evaluated patient population had poor outcomes in terms of function, quality of life, and return to work. Furthermore, patients suffering from flap ischemia have worse outcomes than those without flap ischemia.

The landscape of banking has changed drastically over the past two decades. Client loyalty is key for banks to stay relevant and deliver sustainable growth. In that context the objective of this research is to identify the main factors that determine client loyalty of small to medium sized businesses to banks and to rank these according to importance. The purpose of the study is using management information systems to determine the client loyalty drivers in SMEs within the banking industry as well as ranking them according to the level of importance. The study defines and provides a broad overview of the different concepts. It further provides an overview of the banking industry and casual factors driving the need to focus on client loyalty. A high-level overview of SMEs are also covered The current problem statement has a look at the various areas of concern to the banking industry such as high level debt ratios, weak corporate demand, and more The research methodology; objectives; design; scope; significance and the limitations of the study are outlined. Obtaining high levels of client loyalty remains a challenge for banks; failing, places banks at risk and hampers their ability to grow. MIS is the main enabler in understanding client loyalty, tracking client behaviour and changing needs. For this purpose a questionnaire was employed to obtain a deeper understanding of what drives client loyalty. A secondary source of information incorporated into the study is recent surveys done by KPMG, Accenture, Ernest & Young, and others. The model currently used by banks is based on the net promoter system. Client satisfaction, and Relationship and Service Quality are factors that get measured and incorporated in the net promoter system. Other factors that showed relevance and impact on client loyalty are Product Quality, Skills/EQ and Corporate/brand image. The researcher aims to explain the effect and influence the aforementioned have on client loyalty as well as rank these in order of importance in small to medium-sized business banking clients in South Africa. Primary data has been used in this study complemented by secondary data. A quantitative method has been adopted for this study. The techniques employed are: Frequency, Reliability (including the mean, standard deviation & Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient) and the Spearman Rank Order Correlations. The sample consisted of SMEs in Johannesburg Central Region and 200 questionnaires were distributed to conveniently selected SMEs out of a total population of 550. Sixty one (61) SMEs responded resulting in a 31% response rate. The study evidenced that the factors listed are interlinked and have an influence on client loyalty. The study has also demonstrated that the link between customer loyalty and true sustainable organic growth is well established. Limitations of the study are discussed. The researcher also recommends that a management information system be employed; that the study be extended to include large and corporate business and that the framework be broadened to include trust, product/channel, skills/EQ and brand/image. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 405133.pdf: 693103 bytes, checksum: 8178bb95ced3a4332de6078959341123 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-12 / Esta disserta??o tem como interesse principal a elucida??o da teoria da justi?a de Dworkin ? luz do pensamento hegeliano. A elabora??o desta teoria configura um marco no que se refere ao tratamento do Direito com bases fundamentais nos princ?pios. O autor empreende uma convicta luta contra os ideais do positivismo e o utilitarismo que, na sua vis?o, engessam de tal modo a aplica??o do Direito que impedem a concreta efetiva??o da justi?a. A refer?ncia ? filosofia de Hegel infere um peso filos?fico ? an?lise da teoria da integridade. A integridade ? aceita como uma virtude dial?tica que atua como mediadora do processo conflituoso verificado no ?mbito da justi?a e da equidade. O fomento desta teoria resulta de um processo interpretativo, denominado de construtivo que culmina na tese da ?nica resposta correta, artif?cio de contesta??o dos dogmatismos do positivismo. A caracteriza??o da teoria da justi?a como integridade passa pela aceita??o da comunidade dos princ?pios morais, da imbrica??o entre justi?a e moral, pelo reconhecimento do movimento interpretativo e da participa??o ativa dos processos hist?ricos na forma??o da teoria da justi?a. Estas caracter?sticas fornecem subs?dios para a vitalidade desta teoria no que tange a sua aceita??o nos meios jur?dicos e filos?ficos. A aproxima??o com o pensamento hegeliano mostra um duplo desafio: situar a teoria da justi?a como integridade no contexto filos?fico e jur?dico e analisar as contribui??es do pensamento hegeliano no fortalecimento das teorias da justi?a contempor?nea. A escolha por Hegel remonta da sua concep??o de totalidade e da possibilidade de apresentar tra?os liberais em sua teoria. A interlocu??o entre os dois autores e suas teorias ? poss?vel atrav?s da din?mica dial?tica presente em ambos. Hegel edifica todo seu sistema filos?fico sob as linhas conceituais da dial?tica. O mesmo procede em rela??o ? Dworkin que estabelece a teoria da integridade como um momento de supera??o e conserva??o dos valores presentes nos ideais superados da justi?a e da equidade. A viabilidade dessa interlocu??o s? ? poss?vel nos termos de uma poss?vel cr?tica em rela??o ?s duas teorias. Obviamente n?o h? como considerar a perfeita adequa??o de uma a outra, mas ? poss?vel uma comunica??o aberta entre elas.

Background: Data regarding both drug-related and non-drug-related costs in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are scarce, mainly due to the difficulties in data acquisition in experimental designs. Likewise, the reported impact of drug costs on total direct costs varies across different studies. In addition, the influence of comorbidities on both treatment costs and health-related quality of life has not been adequately evaluated. Methods: A sample of office-based neurologists (n = 315) in Germany was asked to examine up to five consecutive patients with PD (n = 1449) on a specified day during the study period. Patients of all ages were eligible and their evaluation was performed using standardized questionnaires. Results: PD-specific therapy costs increased with the stage of the disease, early onset of the disease and disease duration. The major costs were due to PD-related therapy, whereas other medications only resulted in minor costs. Disease stage mainly influenced direct therapy costs, with an observed increase of total daily costs from €7.3 to €11.3/day. In addition, disease onset at age < 65 years resulted in total daily costs of €11.2 compared to late onset of disease (> 75 years) with daily therapy costs of €5.3. In this patient group neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as dementia and depression were only insufficiently treated. In addition, these comorbidities severely affected health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Therapy costs were influenced by disease stage, disease onset as well as present comorbidities. Furthermore, comorbidities such as depression and dementia were diagnosed but were not adequately treated.

The landscape of banking has changed drastically over the past two decades. Client loyalty is key for banks to stay relevant and deliver sustainable growth. In that context the objective of this research is to identify the main factors that determine client loyalty of small to medium sized businesses to banks and to rank these according to importance. The purpose of the study is using management information systems to determine the client loyalty drivers in SMEs within the banking industry as well as ranking them according to the level of importance. The study defines and provides a broad overview of the different concepts. It further provides an overview of the banking industry and casual factors driving the need to focus on client loyalty. A high-level overview of SMEs are also covered The current problem statement has a look at the various areas of concern to the banking industry such as high level debt ratios, weak corporate demand, and more The research methodology; objectives; design; scope; significance and the limitations of the study are outlined. Obtaining high levels of client loyalty remains a challenge for banks; failing, places banks at risk and hampers their ability to grow. MIS is the main enabler in understanding client loyalty, tracking client behaviour and changing needs. For this purpose a questionnaire was employed to obtain a deeper understanding of what drives client loyalty. A secondary source of information incorporated into the study is recent surveys done by KPMG, Accenture, Ernest & Young, and others. The model currently used by banks is based on the net promoter system. Client satisfaction, and Relationship and Service Quality are factors that get measured and incorporated in the net promoter system. Other factors that showed relevance and impact on client loyalty are Product Quality, Skills/EQ and Corporate/brand image. The researcher aims to explain the effect and influence the aforementioned have on client loyalty as well as rank these in order of importance in small to medium-sized business banking clients in South Africa. Primary data has been used in this study complemented by secondary data. A quantitative method has been adopted for this study. The techniques employed are: Frequency, Reliability (including the mean, standard deviation & Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient) and the Spearman Rank Order Correlations. The sample consisted of SMEs in Johannesburg Central Region and 200 questionnaires were distributed to conveniently selected SMEs out of a total population of 550. Sixty one (61) SMEs responded resulting in a 31% response rate. The study evidenced that the factors listed are interlinked and have an influence on client loyalty. The study has also demonstrated that the link between customer loyalty and true sustainable organic growth is well established. Limitations of the study are discussed. The researcher also recommends that a management information system be employed; that the study be extended to include large and corporate business and that the framework be broadened to include trust, product/channel, skills/EQ and brand/image. / MBA, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The overall aim of the thesis was to add some pieces to the etiological puzzle of LCPD with special focus on vascular origin and hyperactivity. Furthermore we wanted to evaluate some consequences of LCPD in adulthood. Swedish registry data were used to identify a cohort of patients with the diagnosis of LCPD. This cohort was compared with a general population– based cohort without LCPD to assess the relative risk of cardiovascular diseases, blood or coagulation defects, injury, ADHD, depression and mortality. In a clinical study we assessed health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L), physical activity level (IPAQ) and screened for ADHD (ASRSv1.1) in 116 patients with a history of LCPD who were diagnosed or treated in Uppsala University Hospital between 1978 and 1995. The results confirmed our hypothesis: Patients with a history of LCPD had a 1.7-fold higher risk of cardiovascular diseases, and a 1.4-fold higher risk for blood or coagulation defects compared with gender- and age-matched individuals without LCPD. We found a 1.2-fold higher risk for injuries requiring hospital admission than in gender- and age-matched individuals without LCPD. The risk was more pronounced among females. Furthermore, we found a 1.5-fold higher risk for ADHD. Stratified analysis revealed a 2.1-fold higher risk for ADHD among females with LCPD than among females without LCPD. The risk for depression was 1.3-fold higher, and more pronounced among females with LCPD. Patients with LCPD had a slightly higher mortality risk with higher risk for death from suicide and cardiovascular causes. Patients with a history of LCPD reported a lower health-related quality of life and were more physically active than the Swedish population norm. 28% of 116 patients were likely to have ADHD or had already been diagnosed with ADHD. Both vascular and blood diseases could be present even in childhood and could, in combination with hyperactive behavior pattern and a high physical activity level, contribute to the etiology of LCPD. The lower health-related quality of life and higher risk for depression might reflect the mental burden of LCPD. Patients with LCPD have a higher mortality risk with higher risk for death from suicide and cardiovascular causes.

Theoretical foundation Arterial disease which gradually leads to narrowing of artery, up to complete vascular closure and to subsequent manifestation of ischaemia is called ischaemic disease of the lower extremities (IDLE). We need to understand ischaemic disease of the lower extremities not only as a disease causing patients a range of difficulties and significantly impacting their life quality, but also as a very important indicator of overall cardiovascular condition of whole organism. Ischaemic disease of the lower extremities becomes more and more accepted as a chronic disease associated with a substantial cardiovascular risk. This disease causes primarily walking limitation by which it impacts daily activities and significantly decrease the life quality. Goal of the thesis: A goal was set for the thesis: Finding out in which areas the ischaemic disease of the lower extremities impacts the life quality. Hypotheses: 6 hypotheses were set for the thesis: H1: Patients with IDLE feel pain H2: Patients with IDLE are limited in moving H3: Patients with IDLE are limited socially H4: Patients with IDLE feel concern for their future H5: Patients with IDLE perceive their life quality as a low one. H6: Patients with IDLE are limited in the area of basic daily activities. Methodology: The research part of the thesis was implemented based on quantitative inquiry within the grant Project No. 120/2012/S ?Reflection of life quality in nursing?. For the empirical part of the thesis the quantitative method was used, the survey was carried out in form of questionnaires, more precisely a standardized questionnaire EQ-5D-5L, selected questions from a questionnaire WHOQOL 100 and specific non-standardized complementary questions for patients with ischaemic disease of the lower extremities. The survey was carried out by addressing practising physicians , doctors from specialized outpatient departments and inpatient wards. Nurses who were, along with the doctors, responsible for explaining the significance of the survey to the patients were an integral part to the data gathering process. The respondents were selected intentionally, the basic factor of selection was presence of the ischaemic disease of the lower extremities. The selection sample was designed using selective quota, the only quota being the age of respondent. Results: All results obtained were statistically processed in the SASD (Statistical Analysis of Social Data) software. The results were divided into three areas. Firstly results describing the structure of selection sample, secondly results depicted graphically and thirdly results processed using a descriptive statistics. The last two areas were then arranged according to the used questionnaire. The results provided us with information regarding patients' perceiving of pain, the difficulties in moving, the social area, the basic daily activities, the concerns for the future and subjective perceiving ot the life quality. Based on the results, the set hypotheses were evaluated as follows: H1: Patients with IDLE feel pain ? confirmed, H2: Patients with IDLE are limited in moving - confirmed, H3: Patients with IDLE are limited socially - confirmed, H4: Patients with IDLE feel concern for their future - confirmed, H5: Patients with IDLE perceive their life quality as a low one ? not confirmed, H6: Patients with IDLE are limited in the area of basic daily activities - confirmed. Conclusion: The thesis provides a comprehensive view on the areas impacting the life quality of patients with ischaemic disease of the lower extremities. In practice the results can facilitate the choice of effective intervention and improve communication with patients, especially due to the gained knowledge. The results will be published in journals and presented at conferences. The results could also be used as a foundation for another survey and as a studying material for students of nursing.

This study was prompted by the recent increase in academic and public interest in neuromusical brain research, which provides information about how the brain processes music. It is the task of neural science to explain how the individual units of the brain are used to control behaviour, and how the functioning of these units is influenced by an individual's specific environment and relationships with other people. However, the concept of neuromusical research is relatively new to music education. In any learning experience, brain processing (of information) is not an end in itself. The skill of 'thinking' is dependent on the whole integrated mind/body system, with skills being a manifestation of conscious physical responses that demonstrate knowledge acquisition. Howard Gardner's 'Theory of Multiple Intelligences' lists the musical intelligence as one of eight autonomous intelligences: linguistic, logic-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental. All of these intelligences can be developed to a reasonably high level. This thesis uses David Elliott's praxial philosophy as a conceptual basis. Elliott's four meanings of music education: education in music, by music, for music, and by means of music, have been selected to determine the parameters for an 'inclusive' understanding of musical intelligence. Scientific research findings, brain based data, and behavioural results with educational implications have been used to define what is meant by the musical intelligence, and its role in whole brain learning. Whole brain learning (also referred to as 'accelerated' learning or 'super' learning) is examined in the framwork of IQ (intellectual quotient/intelligence), EQ (emotional intelligence), and SQ (spiritual intelligence). It is important to note that the brain imposes certain constraints on the learning ability of individuals, but that there are also numerous benefits to be derived from an awarenss of brain functions pertaining to education in general and music education in particular. These constraints and benefits are an important feature of whole brain learning, with the musical intelligence playing a vital role. / Dissertation (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Music / unrestricted