Syftet med denna studie är att genom en kvalitativ forskningsmetod söka förståelse för och försöka fånga upplevelser av hur det är att leda det mindre företaget utan HR-avdelning. Studien har haft för avsikt att undersöka hur bland annat bristen på HR-stöd kan upplevas för den relativt ensamma ledaren. Utgångspunkt har tagits utifrån ledarrollen. Runt denna har teorier inhämtats som på något sätt kan knytas till upplevelser i ledningspositionen, från ledningsmodeller till grundläggande socialpsykologiska aspekter. Sex intervjuer har genomförts med fyra män och två kvinnor på högsta chefsnivå inom respektive företag. Varje respondent har olika erfarenheter och utbildningar och representerar vitt skilda branscher. Intervjuerna har spelats in och sedan noggrant transkriberats till text för bearbetning och analys. Analys har genomförts inledningsvis utifrån Grundad teori, där all teori och förförståelse bortsetts ifrån i möjligaste mån för att kategorisera texterna i två steg, i en typ av tematisering. Därefter har intervjusvar kopplats ihop med det teoretiska ramverket och befintlig forskning, och sedan tolkats utifrån detta. Studiens slutsatser pekar på många likheter i upplevelser på de olika företagen. Många utmaningar delas av samtliga och detsamma gäller belöningar. I enstaka fall skiljer de sig åt av olika skäl. Resultaten indikerar att arbetet med människor upplevs som det mest utmanande och krävande, men även som något av det mest positiva. Men det finns orosmoln av lite olika slag beroende på verksamhetssektor. Det finns också stöd utifrån att inhämta för ledaren genom lite olika strategier, enligt respondenterna i studien. Ledarskapet i det mindre företaget utan HR, kan tidvis som studiens titel indikerar upplevas som ensamt. Men behöver inte vara det hela tiden. / The purpose of this study is to, through a qualitative research method, seek an understanding of and try to capture experiences of what it is like to lead the smaller business without an HR department. The study intended to investigate how, among other things, the lack of HR support can be experienced for the relatively solitary leader. The starting point has been taken based on the leadership role. Around this, theories have been gathered that can in some way be linked to experiences in the management position, from management models to basic social psychological aspects. Six interviews have been conducted with four men and two women at the highest management level within each company. Each respondent has different experiences and educations and represents widely different industries. The interviews have been recorded and then carefully transcribed into text for processing and analysis. Analysis has initially been carried out on the basis of Grounded theory, where all theory and pre-understanding is set aside as much as possible in order to categorize the texts in two steps, in a type of thematization. Interview responses have then been connected with the theoretical framework and existing research, and then interpreted based on this. The study's conclusions point to many similarities in experiences at the various businesses. Many challenges are shared by all and the same goes for rewards. In some cases, they differ for various reasons. The results indicate that working with people is experienced as the most challenging and demanding, but also as one of the most positive. But there are clouds of concern of slightly different kinds depending on the business sector. There is also support based on obtaining for the leader through slightly different strategies, according to the respondents in the study. Leadership in the smaller company without HR, as the title of the study indicates, can sometimes be experienced as lonely. But it doesn't have to be all the time.

<div>Biosolids-based fertilizers are sold to the public to provide beneficial nutrients and organic matter for plant production. They are commonly applied to community gardens, municipal lands, reclamation projects, and golf courses. These fertilizers, however, may also contain a variety of trace organic contaminants, which can be persistent in the environment. Our work sought to quantify the persistence of biosolids contaminants in community garden soils. The commercial biosolids-based fertilizer, OCEANGRO®, was amended to two community garden soils to determine the first-order half-lives of four model contaminants: carbamazepine, miconazole, triclocarban, and triclosan. The criteria for their selection included biosolids occurrence, ecotoxicity, antimicrobial function, and knowledge gaps. Aerobic biosolids-amended soil microcosms were incubated at 22 ± 1 °C and approximately 80% field capacity. Sacrificial sampling occurred seven times over 180 days through multi-step solvent extractions. Detection and quantification were done on a high-performance liquid chromatograph tandem triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Results indicated that biosolids contaminants persist in soils with some having modeled half-lives in the hundreds of days. Additional analyses of solvent-spiked contaminant degradation and porewater desorption were performed to provide greater insight into possible limitations on resident biosolids contaminant degradation and to form a better comparative basis to previous literature. Solvent-spiked contaminants degraded more quickly than those resident within biosolids, which indicate that data using the former may underestimate persistence in real-world environments. The porewater analysis allowed for the desorption coefficient to be calculated for all four model resident contaminants. Disparities in the trends of these desorption coefficients and solvent-spiked degradation rates showed that desorption from the biosolids matrix may have been a limiting factor to resident degradation for only some of our four model contaminants. Nonetheless, the demonstrated persistence of these contaminants necessitates long-term thinking in relation to biosolids application. More work is needed on the potential hazards associated with biosolids use in public lands regarding ecotoxicity and antimicrobial resistance.</div>

O gerenciamento integrado de recursos hídricos envolve partes com usos conflitantes entre si. Portanto o gerenciamento eficiente dos reservatórios é importante para atender múltiplos objetivos operacionais: abastecimento hídrico, navegação, geração hidroelétrica, requisitos ambientais e controle de cheias. Recentemente desenvolvimentos na previsão numérica climática, dados de radares meteorológicos e aquisição de dados hidrológicos e meteorológicos on-line resultaram em um crescente interesse em processamento de importação de dados. Implementando controle preditivo com horizonte de previsão de curto prazo, é possível prever condições de estresse ou de pico de vazão, que auxilia os tomadores de decisão a agir antecipadamente, assim minimizando os impactos negativos destes eventos. Para eventos de cheia, os operadores podem verter previamente água do reservatório alocando volume de reservação adicional para mitigar os danos de inundação nas margens à jusante do corpo d\'água. Neste cenário, para obter estimativas do escoamento a jusante referentes às mudanças de vertimento do reservatório, é necessário um modelo de escoamento robusto e rápido. Avaliou-se neste contexto cinco modelos diferentes quanto suas potencialidades de implementação em um modelo de controle preditivo para o reservatório de Três Marias, localizado na bacia do Alto São Francisco, Brasil. Estes modelos são: i) SOBEK que utiliza a equação hidrodinâmica de Saint-Venant; ii) SPRNT que utiliza a equação hidrodinâmica de Saint-Venant utilizando técnicas de aceleração para cálculo; iii) MGB-IPH (Modelo Hidrológico de Grandes Bacias - Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas), modelo chuva-vazão semi-distribuído que utiliza o método de Muskingum-Cunge para determinar o escoamento nos canais de interesse; iv) um modelo de onda difusiva; e v) um modelo simplificado de propagação de ondas em reservatório, equivalente à onda cinemática. Os dois últimos modelos estão implementados no pacote de ferramentas do RTC-Tools, a ferramenta de cálculo de controle em tempo real. Em geral os resultados entre os modelos simplificados do RTC-Tools e o modelo mais sofisticado SOBEK são comparáveis, no entanto os dois métodos com abordagem hidráulica, SOBEK e o modelo difusivo do RTC-Tools, apresentam difusão numérica por causa da baixa resolução espacial. No modelo de propagação de vazão por reservatórios simples a adoção de advecção pura através de um retardamento temporal mostrou-se uma correção eficiente para a difusão numérica excessiva apesar da baixa resolução espacial. Do ponto de vista de controle preditivo, esta abordagem possui melhor \"custo-benefício\" entre robustez, eficiência computacional e precisão. / Integrated Water Resources Management involves parties with conflicting interests. Therefore an effective reservoir management is important to meet multiple operating objectives such as water supply, navigation, hydroelectricity generation, environmental obligations and flood protection. Recent upcomings in numerical weather forecast, radar data and online data acquisition resulted in an interest for data import processes. By implementing a predictive control approach over a short-term forecast horizon, it is possible to foresee stress conditions or peak flow events and support decision-makers to take actions before these events happen to minimize their negative impacts. In the case of flood events, this technique enables the operators to pre-release water from a reservoir for allocating additional storage before the flood event occurs in order to mitigate flood damage along downstream river reaches. In this scenario, a robust and fast routing model is required to obtain quick and reliable estimates of downstream flow conditions related to release changes of the reservoir. In this context, five different models are assessed concerning their implementation in a predictive control of the Três Marias reservoir located at the Upper River São Francisco in Brazil: i) a fully dynamic model using the software package SOBEK; ii)SPRNT a fully dynamic model using acceleration calculation techniques; iii) a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model with Muskingum-Cunge routing for the flow reaches of interest, known as MGB-IPH (Modelo Hidrológico de Grandes Bacias - Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas); iv) a diffusive wave model and v) Kinematic Wave equivalent simplified reservoir routing. The last two models are implemented in the RTC-Tool toolbox, a software for real-time control applications. In general, we find comparable results between the simplified models in RTC-Tools and the more sophisticated SOBEK model and a lower performance of the MGB model. However, both hydraulic modelling approaches, i.e. the SOBEK model as well as the diffusive wave model in RTC-Tools, suffer from too much numerical diffusion in case of course grids. In the reservoir routing approach, the introduction of pure advection by time lags offers an efficient solution for excessive numerical diffusion even on courser grids. From the predictive control point of view, this approach shows the best compromise in terms of robustness, computational efficiency and accuracy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Anselmo Afonso Golynski.pdf: 441467 bytes, checksum: 4be0e7906cd49bbe4d5b13b8a892680b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of Babesia equi and B. caballi in horses from the northern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, examining the maintenance practices and identifying the principal factors involved in transmission and infection rates. There were collected 380 blood samples and tested with ELISA and Indirect immunofluorescence (RIFI) for B. equi and for B. caballi was used competitive ELISA. The sample number was statistically representative for the equine population of the state. Testing positive for B. equi by ELISA and RIFI were 31,6% and 35,8%, respectively, of the samples examined. The prevalence of B. caballi was 0,86%. The concordance between tests was considered high as shown by the Kappa index of 0,86%. There was not observed a statistically significant difference (p<0,05) between the sex, age and breed of the horses. According to the present study the northern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul can be characterized as an area of enzootic instability for B. equi and B. caballi, offering risks of economic losses due to babesiosis outbreaks, especially in sensible animals introduced from indene areas, horse trade and participating in events (as rodeos, auction sales, and others) or even in animals born in the region. Analyzing the questionnaires, the maintaining systems and the purposes of the equine use were the factors that had influence on the prevalence of equine babesiosis. / O trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a preval?ncia da Babesia equi e B. caballi em eq?inos da regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul bem como conhecer as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas e identificar os principais fatores que est?o envolvidos na sua transmiss?o e preval?ncia. Coletaram-se 380 amostras de sangue, n?mero estatisticamente representativo para a popula??o de eq?inos em estudo, as quais foram analisadas por meio do teste de ELISA e pela rea??o de imunofluoresc?ncia indireta (RIFI) e para a B. caballi foi utilizado o Elisa competitivo. Do total das amostras, 31,6% e 35,8% foram positivas para B. equi ao teste de ELISA e RIFI respectivamente, sendo que, a preval?ncia de B. caballi foi de apenas 0,86%. A concord?ncia entre os testes foi considerada ?tima, atrav?s do ?ndice Kappa de 0,87. N?o foi constatada nenhuma diferen?a significativa estatisticamente (p<0,05) entre o sexo, ra?as e faixas et?rias dos eq?inos. De acordo com o presente estudo a regi?o Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul ?, portanto caracterizada como uma ?rea de instabilidade enzo?tica para B. equi e B. caballi oferecendo riscos reais de ocorr?ncia e perdas econ?micas causadas por surtos de babesiose causada por B. equi e B. caballi especialmente em animais sens?veis, procedentes de ?reas indenes, com?rcio de animais, participa??o em eventos (esportivos ou recreativos dentro ou fora da Regi?o ou Estado) ou mesmo entre animais nascidos naquela regi?o. Ap?s a an?lise dos question?rios, os sistemas e as finalidades da cria??o foram os ?nicos fatores que influenciaram na preval?ncia das babesioses equinas.

O gerenciamento integrado de recursos hídricos envolve partes com usos conflitantes entre si. Portanto o gerenciamento eficiente dos reservatórios é importante para atender múltiplos objetivos operacionais: abastecimento hídrico, navegação, geração hidroelétrica, requisitos ambientais e controle de cheias. Recentemente desenvolvimentos na previsão numérica climática, dados de radares meteorológicos e aquisição de dados hidrológicos e meteorológicos on-line resultaram em um crescente interesse em processamento de importação de dados. Implementando controle preditivo com horizonte de previsão de curto prazo, é possível prever condições de estresse ou de pico de vazão, que auxilia os tomadores de decisão a agir antecipadamente, assim minimizando os impactos negativos destes eventos. Para eventos de cheia, os operadores podem verter previamente água do reservatório alocando volume de reservação adicional para mitigar os danos de inundação nas margens à jusante do corpo d\'água. Neste cenário, para obter estimativas do escoamento a jusante referentes às mudanças de vertimento do reservatório, é necessário um modelo de escoamento robusto e rápido. Avaliou-se neste contexto cinco modelos diferentes quanto suas potencialidades de implementação em um modelo de controle preditivo para o reservatório de Três Marias, localizado na bacia do Alto São Francisco, Brasil. Estes modelos são: i) SOBEK que utiliza a equação hidrodinâmica de Saint-Venant; ii) SPRNT que utiliza a equação hidrodinâmica de Saint-Venant utilizando técnicas de aceleração para cálculo; iii) MGB-IPH (Modelo Hidrológico de Grandes Bacias - Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas), modelo chuva-vazão semi-distribuído que utiliza o método de Muskingum-Cunge para determinar o escoamento nos canais de interesse; iv) um modelo de onda difusiva; e v) um modelo simplificado de propagação de ondas em reservatório, equivalente à onda cinemática. Os dois últimos modelos estão implementados no pacote de ferramentas do RTC-Tools, a ferramenta de cálculo de controle em tempo real. Em geral os resultados entre os modelos simplificados do RTC-Tools e o modelo mais sofisticado SOBEK são comparáveis, no entanto os dois métodos com abordagem hidráulica, SOBEK e o modelo difusivo do RTC-Tools, apresentam difusão numérica por causa da baixa resolução espacial. No modelo de propagação de vazão por reservatórios simples a adoção de advecção pura através de um retardamento temporal mostrou-se uma correção eficiente para a difusão numérica excessiva apesar da baixa resolução espacial. Do ponto de vista de controle preditivo, esta abordagem possui melhor \"custo-benefício\" entre robustez, eficiência computacional e precisão. / Integrated Water Resources Management involves parties with conflicting interests. Therefore an effective reservoir management is important to meet multiple operating objectives such as water supply, navigation, hydroelectricity generation, environmental obligations and flood protection. Recent upcomings in numerical weather forecast, radar data and online data acquisition resulted in an interest for data import processes. By implementing a predictive control approach over a short-term forecast horizon, it is possible to foresee stress conditions or peak flow events and support decision-makers to take actions before these events happen to minimize their negative impacts. In the case of flood events, this technique enables the operators to pre-release water from a reservoir for allocating additional storage before the flood event occurs in order to mitigate flood damage along downstream river reaches. In this scenario, a robust and fast routing model is required to obtain quick and reliable estimates of downstream flow conditions related to release changes of the reservoir. In this context, five different models are assessed concerning their implementation in a predictive control of the Três Marias reservoir located at the Upper River São Francisco in Brazil: i) a fully dynamic model using the software package SOBEK; ii)SPRNT a fully dynamic model using acceleration calculation techniques; iii) a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model with Muskingum-Cunge routing for the flow reaches of interest, known as MGB-IPH (Modelo Hidrológico de Grandes Bacias - Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas); iv) a diffusive wave model and v) Kinematic Wave equivalent simplified reservoir routing. The last two models are implemented in the RTC-Tool toolbox, a software for real-time control applications. In general, we find comparable results between the simplified models in RTC-Tools and the more sophisticated SOBEK model and a lower performance of the MGB model. However, both hydraulic modelling approaches, i.e. the SOBEK model as well as the diffusive wave model in RTC-Tools, suffer from too much numerical diffusion in case of course grids. In the reservoir routing approach, the introduction of pure advection by time lags offers an efficient solution for excessive numerical diffusion even on courser grids. From the predictive control point of view, this approach shows the best compromise in terms of robustness, computational efficiency and accuracy.

Jag har alltid intresserat mig för social kompetens och dess vikt i barn och ungdomars personliga utveckling. Min målsättning är att få grepp om hur viktigt EQ är. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att försöka tydliggöra känslornas inverkan på inlärningen. Samhällssituationen har ändrats markant sen jag själv gick i skolan och därmed även hur dagens elever mår. Många av dagens elever mår inte bra. De är ofta arga och deprimerade. Kan EQ på schemat hjälpa till att förändra och förbättra denna situation? Jag kommer att utgå ifrån dessa problemformuleringar: -Vad är EQ?-Hur påverkar känslor elevernas inlärning? -Behövs EQ i skolan? -Hur kan man arbeta med EQ i skolan? Examensarbetet innehåller en litteraturgenomgång som återger, för syftet och frågeställningarna, relevant fakta. Arbetet innehåller även en undersökningsdel, som består av en intervju med tre olika pedagoger, som alla arbetar strukturerat med EQ. Undersökningsdelens syfte är att ytterligare belysa mitt syfte med arbetet. Resultatet av examensarbetet är att EQ behöver få en mer central roll i undervisningen. Eleverna behöver arbeta med den sociala kompetensen kontinuerligt och strukturerat. Eleverna behöver en socialt fungerande miljö runt dem för att känna trygghet och harmoni. Inte förrän detta är uppnått kan de prestera i skolan.

<p>Jag har alltid intresserat mig för social kompetens och dess vikt i barn och ungdomars personliga utveckling. Min målsättning är att få grepp om hur viktigt EQ är. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att försöka tydliggöra känslornas inverkan på inlärningen. Samhällssituationen har ändrats markant sen jag själv gick i skolan och därmed även hur dagens elever mår. Många av dagens elever mår inte bra. De är ofta arga och deprimerade. Kan EQ på schemat hjälpa till att förändra och förbättra denna situation? Jag kommer att utgå ifrån dessa problemformuleringar:</p><p>-Vad är EQ?-Hur påverkar känslor elevernas inlärning?</p><p>-Behövs EQ i skolan?</p><p>-Hur kan man arbeta med EQ i skolan?</p><p>Examensarbetet innehåller en litteraturgenomgång som återger, för syftet och frågeställningarna, relevant fakta. Arbetet innehåller även en undersökningsdel, som består av en intervju med tre olika pedagoger, som alla arbetar strukturerat med EQ. Undersökningsdelens syfte är att ytterligare belysa mitt syfte med arbetet. Resultatet av examensarbetet är att EQ behöver få en mer central roll i undervisningen. Eleverna behöver arbeta med den sociala kompetensen kontinuerligt och strukturerat. Eleverna behöver en socialt fungerande miljö runt dem för att känna trygghet och harmoni. Inte förrän detta är uppnått kan de prestera i skolan.</p>

Background: In the last two decades Bogota, Colombia has seen a massive influx of internally displaced people (IDP) settling in its periphery where residents face the worst living, social, and economic conditions despite the 2011 passing of The Victims Law entitling IDP victims access to free shelter, food, education, and healthcare. Objective: To understand the circumstances and health care needs of Colombian IDPs, determine trends of health perceptions among IDPs and assess and quality of health services among IDPs in Bogota. Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 professionals who work with IDPs and 36 IDPs. Interviews explored opinions of common health conditions and barriers to access health services in IDP communities. The EQ-5D survey about perceptions of health was administered measuring mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain, and depression/anxiety. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded for analysis. Results: Most IDPs did not indicate suffering with mobility, self-care, and ability to conduct daily activities. Seventy-five percent of participants indicated moderate to severe pain and 86.85% expressed feeling some form of depression or anxiety. Environmental factors are common contributors to poor health conditions. Individual and societal factors surfaced as detriments to accessing health services. The process to be included in The Victims Law registry is arduous. Although the Victims Law allows IDPs to access health services, many missing links in the system thwart quality health care delivery and discourage IDPs to utilize the health care system. Conclusion: Despite efforts to mitigate the struggles IPDs suffer there remain much needed health services and organizational improvements for the IDP community in Bogota.

A common cause of profound deafness is hair cell dysfunction in the cochlea. Cochlear implants (CI) bypass the hair cells via an electrode and stimulate the cochlear nerve directly. Nowadays, it is possible to preserve residual hair cell function and hearing through flexible electrodes and a-traumatic CI surgery techniques; called hearing preservation CI surgery. This may suit partially deaf patients who can use natural low frequency hearing in combination with electric high frequency hearing; so-called hybrid hearing. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the effectiveness of hearing preservation CI surgery. The thesis demonstrates human cochlear anatomy in relation to CI and evaluates hearing and patient satisfaction after hearing preservation CI surgery. Analyses of human cochlear moulds belonging to the Uppsala collection showed large variations in dimensions and coiling characteristics of the cochlea. Each cochlea was individually shaped. The size and shape of the cochlea influences the position of the electrode. The diameter of the basal cochlear turn could predict insertion depth of the electrode, which is crucial for hearing preservation. The first 21 patients operated with hearing preservation CI surgery in Uppsala, showed preserved hearing. Nine-teen partially deaf patients receiving implants intended for hybrid hearing, were evaluated concerning pure tone audiometry, monosyllables (MS) and hearing in noise test (HINT). They also responded to a questionnaire, consisting of the IOI-HA, EQ-5D VAS and nine questions about residual hearing. The questionnaire results indicated a high degree of patient satisfaction with improved speech perception in silence and noise. This was also reflected by improved results in MS and HINT. Hearing was preserved in all patients, but there was an on-going deterioration of the residual hearing in the operated ear which surpassed the contralateral ear. There were no correlations between the amount of residual hearing and patient satisfaction or speech perception results. Electric stimulation provides a major contribution to speech comprehension in partially deaf patients. All the patients showed a high degree of satisfaction with their CI, regardless of varying hearing preservation.

Given today’s social milieu, there is no denying that the nature of the life experiences youth are facing has drastically changed in recent decades. In this study, outdoor adventure education (OAE) was explored as a possible intervention strategy for the development of emotional intelligence during adolescence. This research project consisted of a case study of an event, namely “The Journey”, which is a 23-day outdoor adventure education programme for Grade 10 learners at a private high school for boys in a major South African city. Through this research, which involved collecting, analysing and interpreting data on the topic, an endeavour was made to explore the possible impact of OAE on the development of emotional intelligence, as well as the sustainability of skills acquired, and also on possible design elements that may impact on the facilitation of the development of emotional intelligence. This study was based on a socio-constructivist paradigm, which had developed from an interpretivist world view. This research project represents a multi-method mode of inquiry: both quantitative and qualitative data-gathering techniques were implemented as a process of triangulation to provide a comprehensive analysis of the research problem. The research proper (76 participants) was preceded by a pilot study (28 participants). For the research proper, participants completed the Bar-On EQ-i: YV (Bar-On, 2007) questionnaire before embarking on “The Journey” (pre) and again at its completion (post1). This was followed by another post-test three months later (post2). Furthermore, 10 participants had also been randomly selected to form part of a pre- and post- “Journey” focus-group interview and to provide reflective essays post- “Journey”. Another focus-group interview with selected staff members was conducted post-“Journey”. The identified themes generated from the quantitative and qualitative data collected were as follows: emotional intelligence; outdoor adventure education; rites of passage; “Journey” design elements; boarding; the emotional climate of the school; division based on stereotypes; and sustainability of skills acquired. In terms of emotional intelligence as a theme, the results indicated that participation in “The Journey” not only results in an increase in the overall EQ skills of participants, but that the impact also appears to be sustainable.1 As far as the impact of “The Journey” on the various subskills of emotional intelligence is concerned, the findings revealed that there was an increase in all EQ subskills directly after participation (quantitative and qualitative data). However, the results of the research proper, where pre- and post2-“Journey” scores were compared (quantitative data), suggest that increases were maintained in only three of the five subskills mentioned, namely intrapersonal skills, adaptability and general mood. Thus it appears that the initial increase in interpersonal and stress management skills did not have a sustainable effect. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Educational Psychology / unrestricted