Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Marcos Pinheiro Franque.pdf: 2601170 bytes, checksum: cef61cb976b6652b0e5f4fe212f81de9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work aimed the evaluation of biological parameters of parasitic and non-parasitic phases of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (= Boophilus microplus) in equine. Four equines were individually infested with approximately 40,000 larvae obteined of R. (B.) microplus females engorged in bovines, being in two of them established three infestations. In the place of larvae fixation, it was noticed development of an intense itchy reaction and the larvae involved in a serum exudates. A larval mortality of approximately 90% was observed, with a small number of larvae changing to nymph stage. The mortality of nymphs was around 60%, with reduction of the itchy reaction, and in the adult stage was observed approximately 30% of mortality. As for the susceptibility, it was observed that two equine were resistant, one moderately resistant and one sensitive to the establishment of infestation by R. (B.) microplus. In the equine considered sensitive, were made observations of parasitic and non-parasitic phase of this ixodid. According to the parameters of the parasitic phase of R. (B.) microplus, of the three experimental infestations, the day at the beginning of detachment of females occurred among infestations were 28 and 31 days, during 12 days at first infestation and 20 days at second and thirst infestation, presentin modal day at 32?; 36? and 37? day, respectively. Were recovered 179 females of R. (B.) microlus at first infestation, 187 and 358 at the second and thirst infestation, corresponding to a mean recovery rate between 0.90 and 1.79%. The means periods of parasitic phase increase among infestations, during between 33. 27 and 38.51 days, being obteined females with mean weight of 90.0mg at the first infestation, 81.5 mg at second and 109.4mg at thirst infestation, considering all females recovered. For the estudy of the non-parasitic phase were selected form each infestation 20, 49, 71 females, presenting means weights of 151.8; 121.1 and 147.8 mg, respectively. The means periods of pre-posture were between 2.8 and 3.5 days. The means periods of posture were of 13.6; 11.7 and 13.4 days, respectively, with pick of posture occurring at the 3rd day after the beginning at three infestations. The means weights of posture were verified between 57.3 and 80.6mg corresponding to 1,146.9 and 1,611.4 eggs produced. The means periods of incubation of eggs produced by R. (B.) microplus studied females occurred between 23.7 and 29 days, presenting hatch means rates decreasing of 67% in the first infestation to 54.7% at the thirst infestation. The means of reprodutive efficiency index also decreased among infestations of 35.5% to 26.9% at the last infestation. It was verified that the means periods between the infestation date and the beginning of the larval appearance were between 60.0 and 64.9 days. These results demonstrate that, starting from experimental infestation in equine, R. (B.) microplus is able to complete the biological cycle for at least one generation, resulting in a number of larvae enough to infest pastures. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar par?metros biol?gicos de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (= Boophilus microplus) mediante infesta??es expermentais em eq?inos. Foram utilizados quatro eq?inos infestados individualmente com aproximadamente 40.000 larvas, obtidas de f?meas de R. (B.) microplus alimentadas em bovino, sendo realizadas tr?s infesta??es em dois destes equinos. No local de fixa??o das larvas notou-se desenvolvimento de uma intensa rea??o pruriginosa e as larvas envolvidas em um exsudato seroso. Foi observada uma mortalidade larval de aproximadamente 90%, com um pequeno n?mero larvas mudando para o est?gio de ninfa. A mortalidade de ninfas ocorreu em torno de 60%, com redu??o da rea??o pruriginosa, e no est?gio adulto notou-se mortalidade de aproximadamente 30%. Quanto ? susceptibilidade, observou-se que dois eq?inos foram resistentes, um moderadamente resistente e um sens?vel ao estabelecimento da infesta??o por R. (B.) microplus. No eq?ino considerado sens?vel, foram realizadas as observa??es de fase parasit?ria e n?o parasit?ria deste ixod?deo. Em rela??o aos par?metros da fase parasit?ria de R. (B.) microplus, nas tr?s infeta??es, o dia de in?cio do desprendimento das f?mas ocorreu entre 28 e 31 dias, durando 12 dias na primeira infesta??o e 20 dias na segunda e terceira infesta??es, apresentando dia modal no 32?, 36? e 37? dia respectivamente, ap?s as infesta??es com as larvas. Foram recuperadas 179 f?meas de R. (B.) microplus na primeira infesta??o, 187 na segunda e 358 na terceira infesta??o, correspondendo a uma taxa de recupera??o entre 0,90 e 1,79%. O per?odo m?dio da fase parasit?ria aumentou entre a primeira e terceira infesta??es, ocorrendo entre 33,27 e 38,51 dias, verificando-se f?meas com peso m?dio de 90,0mg na primeira infesta??o, 81,5mg na segunda e 109,4mg na terceira infesta??o, considerando-se todas as f?meas recuperadas. Para o estudo da fase n?o parasit?ria foram selecionadas respectivamente 20, 49 e 71 f?meas de cada infesta??o que apresentaram peso m?dio, respectivamente, de 151,8mg; 121,1 mg e 147,8mg. Observou-se um per?odo m?dio de pr?-postura entre 2,8 e 3,5 dias. O per?odo m?dio de postura foi de 13,6; 11,7 e 13,4 dias, respectivamente, entre as infesta??es, com pico de postura ocorrendo no 3? dia ap?s seu in?cio. Verificou-se um peso m?dio de postura entre 57,3 a 80,6mg, nas infesta??es, o que corresponde ? produ??o m?dia de ovos entre 1.146,9 e 1.611,0. O per?odo m?dio de incuba??o dos ovos das f?meas estudadas de R. (B.) microplus, durou entre 23,7 e 29 dias, apresentando uma taxa de eclos?o m?dia decrescendo de 67% na primeira infesta??o, para 54,7% na terceira infesta??o. O ?ndice m?dio de efici?ncia reprodutiva tamb?m decresceu ente as infesta??es de 35,5%, para 26,9% na ?ltima infesta??o. Verificou-se que o per?odo m?dio entre a data de infesta??o e o in?cio da eclos?o larval ocorreu entre 60 e 64,9 dias. Estes resultados demonstram que, a partir de infesta??es experimentais em eq?inos, R. (B.) microplus ? capaz de completar seu ciclo biol?gico por pelo menos uma gera??o, resultando em um n?mero de larvas suficiente para infestar parstagens.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Tiago Marques dos Santos.pdf: 2575604 bytes, checksum: e88af70c2740e40f39ed1fb8bd423ec5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aimed to evaluate gastrointestinal and systemic disturbances, and mucosa and gut contents of gastrointestinal tract of horses subjected to overload carbohydrate. Eight crossbreed mature horses were used with body weight (BW) average of 364kg, geldings, adapted to diet composed by grass hay and concentrate, in a 60:40 proportion. A complete randomized design was used with horses allocated in three treatments. Treatment I: (Control) (n=2) horses were slaughtered without overload carbohydrate; Treatment II (n=3) and III (n=3), horses subjected to overload carbohydrate, with gastric infusion of 17.6 g starch/kg BW, and slaughtered after 24 and 36 hours, respectively. Horses were subjected to clinical, hematological and fecal evaluations before the overload and 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 hours after overload. Four hours after overload horses became depressed and keeping until the end of evaluation, and one horse presented lameness 36 hours after overload. Any difference (P>0.05) were observed in heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and hoof temperature. Increase in packed cell volume and plasma protein concentration were observed 24 hours after overload, varying from 26.7 to 32.0% and 7.1 to 8.1 g/dL, respectively (P<0.05). Differences were observed (P<0.05) in plasmatic lactate concentration in zero, 20 and 28 hours after overload, with values of 0.7, 1.04 and 1.22 mmol/L, respectively. Plasma endotoxin concentration didn't cross 0.1000 EU/mL and may be not present. There were any difference (P>0.05) in fecal and digesta water content, however, fecal pH reduced along 36 hours post-overload (P <0.01), varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Content of large intestine in horses subjected to overload presented whitish-green color, milk aspect, with gas bubbles and acid odor. There weren t difference (P>0.05) in water content of feces and digesta, however, fecal pH reduced along 36 hours post-overload (P <0.01), varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Buffering capacity of ceco-colon digesta and feces were reduced in horses subjected to overload. Right dorsal colon, transverse colon and descendent colon were segments, except stomach, that presented lower pH values, varying from 4.49 to 4.56. Eosinophils infiltration were presented in mucosa and submucosa of all horses, however, only horses submitted to overload presented neutrophils and eosinophils leucocitoestase with neutrophils predominance restricted to large intestine. Tract gastrointestinal circulatory alterations observed were congestion, edema and lymphatic vessels dilatation, more evident in submucosa, with larger inflammatory cells infiltration in horses subjected to overload. Intestinal mucosa 36 hours after overload presented larger degree of imunorreactivity anti-myeloperoxidase, followed by horses evaluated at 24 hours after overload and control horses, varying from 2.7 to 4.0, 1.0 to 3.7 and 1.0 to 2.5, respectively. Overload carbohydrate in horses promoted intensive fermentation in ceco-colon, predisposing clinical disturbances, digesta alterations and mucosa and submucosa lesions at gastrointestinal tract of horses with light to moderate degree,36 hours after overload. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as altera??es sist?micas, da mucosa e conte?do do trato gastrointestinal de eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga diet?tica com amido. Foram utilizados oito eq?inos adultos castrados, com peso vivo m?dio de 364 kg, adaptados a dieta composta por feno de Coastcross e concentrado, na propor??o de 60:40. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental com tr?s tratamentos: Tratamento I (Controle) (n=2), eutan?sia dos animais sem sobrecarga com amido; Tratamentos II (n=3) e III (n=3), animais submetidos ? sobrecarga com amido, com infus?o g?strica de 17,6 g amido/kg de peso corporal e eutan?sia ap?s 24 e 36 horas, respectivamente. Os eq?inos foram submetidos a avalia??es cl?nicas, hematol?gicas e f?sico-qu?micas das fezes antes da sobrecarga e 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 e 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga. Os animais apresentaram-se ap?ticos quatro horas ap?s a sobrecarga permanecendo assim at? o final da avalia??o e apenas um animal apresentou claudica??o, 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) na freq??ncia card?aca, freq??ncia respirat?ria, temperatura corporal e temperatura dos cascos. Houve aumento (P<0,05) no volume globular e prote?na plasm?tica total, 24 horas p?s-sobrecarga, variando de 26,7 a 32,0% e de 7,1 e 8,1 g/dL, respectivamente. Houve diferen?a (P<0,05) na concentra??o plasm?tica de lactato no tempo zero, 20 e 28 horas p?s-sobrecarga, com valores de 0,7, 1,04 e 1,22 mmol/L, respectivamente. A concentra??o plasm?tica de endotoxinas n?o ultrapassou 0,1000 EU/mL, podendo estar at? mesmo ausente. O conte?do do intestino grosso nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga apresentou cor verde esbranqui?ada, aspecto leitoso, com bolhas de g?s e odor ?cido. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) no teor de ?gua das fezes e do conte?do da digesta, no entanto, o pH fecal reduziu ao longo de 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga (P<0,01), variando de 6,09 a 4,46. Houve redu??o na capacidade de tamponamento das fezes nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga e, de forma similar, ocorreu no conte?do do ceco-c?lon. O c?lon dorsal direito, c?lon transverso e c?lon descendente foram os segmentos, com exce??o do est?mago, que apresentaram a digesta com menores valores de pH, variando de 4,49 a 4,56. ? histopatologia, a infiltra??o de eosin?filos esteve presente na mucosa e submucosa de todos os eq?inos, no entanto, somente em dois eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga, observou-se leucocitoestase de neutr?filos e eosin?filos, com predomin?ncia de neutr?filos no intestino grosso. As altera??es circulat?rias observadas no trato gastrointestinal foram congest?o, edema e dilata??o de vasos linf?ticos, sendo mais evidentes na submucosa, local de maior infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga. A mucosa dos segmentos do trato gastrointestinal dos eq?inos eutanasiados 36 horas p?ssobrecarga apresentou maior grau de imunorreatividade anti-mieloperoxidase, seguido dos eq?inos avaliados 24 horas p?s-sobrecarga e dos eq?inos do tratamento controle, variando de 2,7 a 4,0, 1,0 a 3,7 e 1,0 a 2,5, respectivamente. A sobrecarga diet?tica com amido em eq?inos promove fermenta??o intensa no ceco-c?lon, predispondo ao aparecimento de dist?rbios cl?nicos, altera??es do conte?do da digesta e les?es de leve a moderada na mucosa e submucosa do trato gastrointestinal dos eq?inos, ap?s 36 horas da sobrecarga.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Melissa Silva Leme Dalarme.pdf: 688269 bytes, checksum: 3f272a90e705a8b058ddf585d70d6cb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-23 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A retrospective study was carried out with the objective to identify risk factors and the incidence of training failure among Thoroughbred racehorses. Two hundred fifteen Thoroughbreds had been evaluated, in the period of January 2001 to December 2003, at Rio de Janeiro-RJ. All the horses had been displayed to the same conditions of handling, feeding and athletical training. The veterinary evaluation of the horses was carried through daily and the clinical notations, protocol training beyond the campaign of the horses, had been registered individually being later enclosed in the management veterinarian software. The complementary examinations had been image diagnosis, laboratorial clinical analysis and, when necessary, the microbiological examination. The clinical causes or for veterinary intervention of interruption in the training of the equines had been categorized the relative data to the causes of interruptions of horses training had been submitted initially to the descriptive analysis. The independent variables had been evaluated individually in relation to the association with interruptions of training using contingency tables and Chi-Square test. A total of 351 cases of training failure was recorded, 54,7% due lameness, 11,1% due to respiratory infections, 16,5% due to hemoparasitosis and 17,7% due to other causes. The rate for fillies was always lower than for colts. Incidence of lameness among horses increased to the beginning of more intensive training. The incidence of respiratory infections never exceeded 18% and was higher in the group of 2-years-old. It can be concluded that the lameness was the most important of the causes of training failure among Thoroughbred racehorses and its incidence with age is directly proportional to the increase of the training intensity. / O estudo retrospectivo foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar fatores de risco e a incid?ncia de interrup??o no treinamento de eq?inos de corrida da ra?a Puro Sangue Ingl?s. Foram avaliados 215 eq?inos no per?odo de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2003, no Rio de Janeiro. Todos os eq?inos foram expostos ?s mesmas condi??es de manejo, alimenta??o e treinamento atl?tico. A avalia??o veterin?ria dos eq?inos foi realizada diariamente e as anota??es cl?nicas, monitoramento do treinamento, al?m da campanha dos eq?inos, foram registradas individualmente sendo posteriormente inclu?das no software de gerenciamento veterin?rio. Os exames complementares utilizados foram o diagn?stico por imagem, an?lise cl?nica laboratorial e, quando necess?rio, o exame microbiol?gico. As causas cl?nicas ou por interven??o veterin?ria de interrup??o no treinamento dos eq?inos foram categorizadas Os dados relativos ?s causas das interrup??es no treinamento dos cavalos foram submetidos inicialmente ? an?lise estat?stica descritiva. As vari?veis independentes foram avaliadas individualmente em rela??o ? associa??o com interrup??es no treinamento usando tabelas de conting?ncia e o teste do Qui-Quadrado. Foram observados 351 casos de falhas no treinamento, 54% devido ?s claudica??es, 16,5% devido ?s hemoparasitoses, 11,1% devido ?s altera??es respirat?rias e 17,7% devido a outras causas. A ocorr?ncia nas f?meas foi sempre inferior ? dos machos. A incid?ncia de claudica??es entre os eq?inos aumentou com o in?cio do treinamento mais intenso e, a incid?ncia de altera??es respirat?rias n?o excedeu 18% e foi maior no grupo de dois anos de idade. Pode-se concluir que as claudica??es s?o as mais importantes das causas de interrup??o no treinamento de eq?inos de corrida da ra?a Puro Sangue Ingl?s e sua incid?ncia com idade ? diretamente proporcional ao aumento da intensidade de treinamento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006 - Marcelo de Oliveira Henriques.pdf: 1418850 bytes, checksum: 6ccdf4d93022fbed75fdf435f7413052 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-25 / This study was conducted with the purpose to evaluate the clinical, laboratory and epidemiological aspects of naturally acquired Babesia equi infection in 178 horses handled in a semi-intensive system, property of the Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras Brazilian Army, situated in the city of Resende, in the Rio de Janeiro State. Babesia equi is a species of hemoparasite of elevated prevalence among equids in tropical regions, being hard to control, causing important economic losses because of the long periods of convalescence, decline of performance in the affected animals, expenses with medication and workers, besides the restrictions in transit of equines, either for hippic competitions or international commerce. In the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction, a prevalence of 85,96% (n=153) was verified, therefore the area can be considered endemic for Babesia equi and in enzootic stability. There was no significant difference in the age or sex of the seropositive animals. Laboratory parameters like packed cell volume, red blood cell count, platelet count, global and differential white blood cell counts, dosages of seric creatinine, albumin and total plasmatic proteins, all of which led to the conclusion that in the assymptomatic carrier state there is no hematologic or seric biochemical variations that could be attributed to the protozoal Babesia equi. / Este estudo foi conduzido com o intuito de avaliar achados cl?nicos, laboratoriais e epidemiol?gicos na infec??o natural de Babesia equi em 178 eq?inos mantidos em sistema semiintensivo de cria??o, de propriedade da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras Ex?rcito Brasileiro, situada no munic?pio de Resende, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Babesia equi ? uma esp?cie de hemoparasita de elevada preval?ncia entre eq??deos de ?reas tropicais, sendo de dif?cil controle, causando perdas econ?micas importantes, pelos longos per?odos de convalescen?a, queda de desempenho nos animais acometidos, gastos com medicamentos e m?o de obra, al?m de impor restri??es no tr?nsito de eq?inos, seja para competi??es h?picas ou com?rcio internacional. Na Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta, foi verificada uma preval?ncia de 85,96% (n=153), podendo ser a ?rea considerada end?mica para Babesia equi e em estabilidade enzo?tica, n?o sendo observadas diferen?as significativas entre sexo e idade dos animais. Par?metros laboratoriais como volume globular, hematimetria, plaquetometria, leucometrias global e espec?fica, dosagens de creatinina s?rica, albumina e prote?nas plasm?ticas totais foram conduzidos, podendo-se concluir que no estado de portador assintom?tico n?o h? varia??o hematol?gica ou de bioqu?mica s?rica que possa ser creditada ao protozo?rio Babesia equi.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Carlos Alexandre Paula Goncalves.pdf: 1454724 bytes, checksum: 032bda4d175200a7de693f3e18dc6e4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-21 / The goal of this study was identify whether the number of apoptotic cells in horse s lamellar tissues after carbohydrate overload-induced of laminitis were affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory. The TUNEL assay and morphological cells changes were used to identify cells that were dying by apoptosis. There was no significant difference between groups. The apoptotic rate was not affected by non-steroidal anti-inflammatories used after developmental phase of laminitis. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar se a administra??o de anti-inflamat?rios n?o esteroidais influenciava no ?ndice apopt?tico de c?lulas epiteliais do tecido lamelar de cavalos com laminite induzida por administra??o de amido. O tecido lamelar foi coletado por bi?psia, fixado e corado pela t?cnica de TUNEL, utilizando-se igualmente a morfologia celular para identifica??o das c?lulas que estivessem em diferentes est?gios de morte por apoptose. N?o houve diferen?a significativa no ?ndice apopt?tico entre os diferentes grupos. Os antiinflamat?rios empregados aplicados na fase de desenvolvimento da laminite n?o influenciaram significativamente os ?ndices apopt?ticos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Benjamim de Souza Siqueira.pdf: 541624 bytes, checksum: 8e71a67b7aefa5b7cbce0825c7a5bc16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 / This work was carried through has as objective to analyze the good impacts of the adoption of corporative governance in Brazil in the period of 2002-2005 through the analysis of the closings daily of the IGC in relation to the Ibovespa and influence of the macroeconomic factors (Risk - Brazil, Selic tax and North American dollar). In the analysis of the impact of the governance one used the closings daily of the IGC, Ibovespa, Risk - Brazil, Tax Selic and North American Dollar in the period of 02/01/2002 the 30/06/2005 and statistical studies of the linear regression, correlation and determination of the risk coefficient. In the conclusion, it was proven that the corporative governance is an important step for the development of the stock market in Brazil, therefore to create one favorable environment the investments in shares, but Brazil still needs to improve its macroeconomic beddings to create an environment propitiates to the sustainable development. / Este trabalho foi realizado tendo como objetivo analisar os impactos da ado??o da governan?a corporativa no Brasil no per?odo de 2002-2005 atrav?s da an?lise dos fechamentos di?rio do IGC em rela??o ao Ibovespa e a influ?ncia dos fatores macroecon?micos (Risco - Brasil, taxa Selic e d?lar norte-americano). Na an?lise do impacto da governan?a utilizou-se os fechamentos di?rio do IGC, Ibovespa, Risco - Brasil, Taxa Selic e D?lar norte-americano no per?odo de 02/01/2002 a 30/06/2005 e os estudos estat?sticos da regress?o linear, correla??o e determina??o do coeficiente b de risco. Na conclus?o, evidenciou-se que a governan?a corporativa ? um importante passo para o desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais no Brasil, pois ? fundamental a cria??o de uma ambiente institucional favor?vel os investimentos em a??es, entretanto o Brasil ainda precisa melhorar os seus fundamentos macroecon?micos para criar um ambiente propicio ao desenvolvimento sustent?vel.

China is a highly attractive destination for foreign direct investment, especially to Australia with which it has a strong complementary commercial relationship. Although the need for cross-cultural leadership effectiveness presents a major challenge to Australian businesses operating in China, most extant studies emphasize cultural dimensions and cultural influences on expatriate leadership effectiveness. In contrast, this study investigates the importance and implementation of transformational leadership (TL), emotional intelligence (EQ) and cultural intelligence (CQ) as key components of cross-cultural leadership capabilities within the context of Australian-Chinese cultural differences. Specifically, it answers one overarching question: What key factors contribute significantly to cross-cultural leadership effectiveness in Australian businesses operating in China? Following an interpretivist research philosophy, this inductive study employed qualitative individual and focus group interviews with a final sample of 32 expatriate managers and 19 local Chinese managers working in 30 Australian organizations. The individual participants were top- and middle-level executives of Australian businesses operating in China in different industry sectors, including minerals and energy, manufacturing, consulting, building and construction, banking, legal services and education. Participants based their responses on their own experiences and observations. These perspectives were supplemented with equally important input from the focus group interviewees, who were Chinese local managers that work closely with the expatriates. Based upon the findings of the study, the researcher developed a holistic pragmatic heuristic model of cross-cultural leadership effectiveness for Australian businesses operating in China, which emphasizes the developmental process underlying the emergence of effective expatriate leadership. This model defined and categorized three sets of cognitive, attitudinal and behavioural characteristics of effective cross-cultural leaders: personal (intrapersonal) competencies, social (interpersonal) competencies and cross-cultural competencies. Because the model is pragmatic as well as heuristic, its framework provides practitioners (e.g. Western and especially Australian expatriate leaders) with an informed understanding of the complexity of cross-cultural leadership issues in China, the importance of having theoretical knowledge on this topic, and the need to be flexible and pragmatic in applying this knowledge in daily practice. Thus, the model offers Australian firms currently investing or intending to invest in China a specific strategy to assist expatriate selection and leadership development in that the competencies it contains can be used to recruit and develop suitable candidates and training criteria. Likewise, the model provides business coaches or business consultants serving Western organizations in China a comprehensive fundamental framework for developing competent global leaders. Hence, future research should concentrate on developing and validating cross-cultural leadership effectiveness in China model using diverse approaches.

<p>Syftet med arbetet har varit att söka svar på vår problemformulering samt att få en större inblick i ämnet EQ; emotionell intelligens. Våra frågeställningar var: </p><p>· Vad är EQ?</p><p>· Hur kan man arbeta med EQ i skolan? </p><p>· På vilket sätt behövs EQ i skolan? </p><p>Vi har i vår litteraturstudie valt att utgå från den emotionella intelligensens fem grundbegrepp; att hantera sina känslor, självkännedom, motivation, empati och social kompetens. </p><p>Vi har valt att göra en etnografisk fallstudie och en kvalitativ enkätundersökning. Det är här vi har lagt vår betoning på EQ i skolan. I vår fallstudie observerade vi fyra elever i en integrerad klass, under tre veckor. Enkätundersökningen gjordes på en skola som har EQ på schemat för att se hur arbetet fungerar i praktiken. </p><p>Vår slutsats är att EQ verkligen behövs i skolan och även i vår vardag. Vi är inställda på och öppna för att arbeta med EQ i vårt framtida yrke, eftersom vi bara upplevt att allt med EQ är positivt. Vi kan vara mer eller mindre intelligenta, men det är de som har både hjärna och hjärta som blir stjärnor!</p>

<p>Photonic Crystal (PC) devices are the most exciting advancement in the field of photonics. The use of computational techniques has made considerable improvements in photonic crystals design. We present here an ultrahigh quality factor (Q) photonic crystal slab nanocavity formed by the local width modulation of a line defect. We show that only shifting two holes away from a line defect is enough to attain an ultrahigh Q value. We simulated this double heterostructure nano cavity by using Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. We observed that photonic crystal cavities are very sensitive to the frequency, size and position of the source. So we must choose the right values for these parameters.</p>

<p>Some schools and municipalities have introduced a subject on the school schedule called life knowledge, even though the state or national curriculum have no requirement for this. How-ever, life knowledge is regarded by some commentators to be too vague a subject, and that the questions raised by the subject should be included in all school teaching rather than being singled out as a specific subject, Traditionally, schools’ view on education is that facts are considered more important than, for instance, social competence. Many schools have a few days with a central theme where they discuss human rights and other important value basis questions, however, there is a lack of discussion of these issues during the rest of the term. Would it be beneficial to teach students more about empathy, cooperation and mutual respect, and to develop their social competence? Human rights and esteem permeates the curriculum –Lpo94, the value basis and the child convention. In this study, I wanted to examine the inter-est among teachers to schedule for these matters/subjects in school today. Do teachers want to have life knowledge as a mandatory subject or do they consider it not to be necessary? What do teachers, and parents of children in their schools, think about this?</p> / <p>Många skolor och kommuner har på frivilligt initiativ, utan krav från staten eller läroplaner, infört ett ämne på skolschemat som de kallar för livskunskap. En del tycker dock att begreppet livskunskap är ett alltför vagt begrepp och att de frågor som i tanken dyker upp vid omnämnande av begreppet egentligen bör ingå i all skolundervisning och inte lyftas ut som ett enskilt ämne. Ett traditionellt tänkande inom skolans syn på undervisning är att faktakunskaper anses viktigare än till exempel social kompetens. Många skolor har kanske någon temadag under en termin där man tar upp mänskliga rättigheter och andra viktiga värdegrundsfrågor, men under resten av terminen finns inte utrymme för att följa upp frågeställningarna. Kan det finnas en vinst med att lära elever om empati, om samarbete och att respektera varandra, och att öva upp sin förmåga till en god social kompetens? Mänskliga rättigheter och respekt är ett ständigt närvarande och aktuellt ämne som återfinns i läroplanen - Lpo 94, i värdegrunden, och i barnkonventionen. Med denna studie ville jag undersöka hur intresset såg ut bland lärare i skolan idag. Vill de ha livskunskap som obligatoriskt ämne eller anser lärare att det inte är nödvändigt? Vad tycker lärare och vad tycker också föräldrar som har sina barn i skolan om detta?</p>