Nord, Mikael (2008) Emotionell utveckling och lek. En studie om hur skolan kan skapa en miljö där barn kan växa som människor. (Development of emotions by playing, A studie about how the school can create an environment where children can grow as humans). Skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärarutbildningen, inriktning fritidspedagogisk verksamhet, 90 hp, Malmö högskola. Denna uppsats vill belysa om det fanns ett samband mellan barns emotionella utveckling och lek som pedagogiskt verktyg för att uppnå detta. Genom intervju med fem lärare som arbetar med EQ-metoden ville jag undersöka vilka tillvägagångssätt dessa lärare använder i arbete med barns emotionella utveckling, samt vilken roll leken hade i detta arbete. Jag ville även jämföra intervjuresultatet med den litteratur och forskning som fanns tillgänglig om EQ, EQ-metoden, lek och lek kopplat till emotionell utveckling.Resultatet visade att lärarna i undersökningen är positivt inställda till EQ som metod för emotionell utveckling hos barnen. Men kopplingen till lek som tillvägagångssätt är inte helt självklar. Naturligtvis finns den med som ett pedagogiskt verktyg, men för att nå EQ-metodens syfte så krävs det flera tillvägagångssätt, exempelvis: dramaövningar, värderingsövningar och gruppsamtal. Eftersom EQ-metoden syftar till att arbetar med känslor, rätt val och jagstärkande och gruppstärkande aktiviteter tror jag att lärare genom ett medvetet och progressivt arbetssätt kan komma till bukt med de problem som finns i skolan idag, där utanförskap, stress och utåtagerande beteende tillhör vardagen för barn i dagens skola, i Sverige 2008.

<p><strong>Background </strong></p> <p>The EQ-5D is one of the most widely used instruments to measure health status. It consists of a descriptive profile with a corresponding scoring algorithm. Multiple scoring algorithms have since been developed from EQ-5D preference elicitation studies.</p> <p><strong>Objectives </strong></p> <p>To identify key methodological issues in the construction of EQ-5D preference elicitation studies and to assess the validity of using a standard methodology in the construction of EQ-5D scoring algorithms.</p> <p><strong>Search methods </strong></p> <p>We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, and Health Economic Evaluation Database, (1990 to 2012). The EuroQol Group website was also searched.</p> <p><strong>Selection criteria </strong></p> <p>EQ-5D preference elicitation studies that reported the directly estimated health state scores and estimated scoring algorithm.</p> <p><strong>Data collection and analysis </strong></p> <p>Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion. The observed and estimated EQ-5D preference scores were compared across studies. A standard scoring algorithm with fixed variables was estimated. The model performance of the standard algorithm and the study reported algorithm were assessed and compared.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong></p> <p>A total of 38 preference elicitation studies were included in this review. Key differences identified include: method of valuation, selection of health states, transformation of health state values, and method of estimation of the scoring algorithm. The observed health state values were found to be significantly different. The predicted health state values showed high levels of rank correlation. In general, a standard scoring algorithm was found to be no different in model performance than study specific scoring algorithms, with only three studies reporting a significant better model performance using the study specified scoring algorithm.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p>Methodological differences were identified across EQ-5D valuation studies. A standard scoring algorithm may yield similar model performance to study specific scoring algorithms, however further research is needed to identify when the use of a standard algorithm is appropriate.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Background: Clinical judgment (CJ) has recently become a priority in nursing, yet it is poorly understood and can be difficult to evaluate. Another thought process, emotional intelligence (EI) shares similar characteristics with CJ and is easily tested. However, the relationship between CJ and EI is poorly understood. Method: This literature review and correlational, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study compared two instruments and evaluated the relationship between clinical judgment and emotional intelligence, as measured by the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) (Mayer et al., 2004) and the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) (Lasater, 2007) during a simulation-based experience in 46 pre-licensure undergraduate nursing students. Results: Shared attributes in the literature between CJ and EI included retention, academic performance, licensure success, nursing values, care perceptions, general well-being, reduced stress, improved coping strategies, use of mindfulness, and social connections. No significant correlations were identified between total MSCEIT and LCJR scores, although branch scores indicated small to near-moderate correlations. CJ scores significantly improved after approximately three months of focused education and experience. Conclusion: The LCJR and MSCEIT did not measure decision making processes similarly. However, further analysis of branch scores demonstrated a link between each of the components of CJ and EI, which was confirmed through shared attributes in the literature. Based on these results, the optimal time to evaluate CJ is approximately three months after the start of a new semester, which provides enough time to determine if CJ is adequate and still be able to incorporate changes for improvement by the end of the semester. This study offers the potential to translate research outcomes into evidence-based educational practices for evaluating future innovative teaching and learning strategies, with direct implications for future nursing simulation education and research on CJ.

Thesis (MA (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The aim of this thesis is an exploratory study into the role of emotional intelligence and executive derailment, and on whether the factors of derailment are predictable and surmountable. The study focuses on the role of emotional intelligence and whether the four constructs of emotional intelligence are predictors of derailment. This study also aims to establish whether it is possible to identify potential derailment candidates. The study will also try to establish whether the use of the Occupational Personality Questionnaire 32 Ipsative (OPQ32i), will enable organizations to identify possible derailment easier. This study is an attempt to describe the different components of emotional intelligence. The results of this study indicate that the OPQ32i-measurement instrument is an aid to organisations to proactively measure whether or not their executives are possible candidates for derailment. The results further reveal that the OPQ32i measures those competencies, if any, that may need some attention as to prevent the probability that a candidate may become derailed.

Inom ledarskapsteori skrivs det mycket om ledarens roll vad gäller organisationens framgång. Däremot finns det mindre skrivet om kopplingen mellan ledaren som person och dennes framgång i ledarskapet. Många människor hamnar i en ledarroll till följd av stor skicklighet inom det de gör men är olämpliga som ledare, många människor gör samtidigt ett fantastiskt jobb som ledare. Ledarrollen är inte en yrkesroll som går att kliva i och ur utan ett förhållningssätt som personen lever med. Ledarskapsförmågan går dock att utveckla på många sätt om ledaren har drivkraft och mod att vilja utvecklas. I grunden handlar det om individens självbild och självkänsla. Studien syftar till att belysa det personliga ledarskapets påverkan på det professionella ledarskapet och baseras på åtta samtal med människor vilka alla har lång erfarenhet av ledarskap på professionell nivå. Idag arbetar samtliga med eller föreläser om personlig utveckling och/eller ledarskap på ett eller annat vis. Resultatet behandlar frågor om; gott ledarskap, det personliga ledarskapet, kopplingen där emellan och utveckling av ledarskap. Ämnesområdena är kopplade till teorierna; Transformativt ledarskap och Autentiskt ledarskap, slutsatser är sedan dragna från det. I dagsläget ökar förståelsen för betydelsen av personligt ledarskap för ett bra ledarskap i arbetslivet, men forskningen inom ämnet är bristfällig. Ord som mod, människointresse och insikt är ständigt återkommande i empirin. Dock inte i teorin och är därmed faktorer som behöver mer efterforskning. / Leadership theory provides much of the manager's role in the organization's success. However, there is less written about the connection between the leader as a person and his success in profession. Many people get into a leadership role due to great skills in what they do but they are unsuitable as a leader, while many people do a fantastic job as leader. Leadership is not a profession that you are able to leave at desk; leadership is a lifestyle or a personality. Leadership ability can be developed in many ways if the leader has the driving force, courage and willingness to develop, in essence it is all grounded in the individual's self-image and self esteem. The study aims to highlight the personal leadership’s impact on the professional leadership and based on eight interviews with people who have extensive experience of leadership at the professional level, and also in one way or another work with or have lectures on personal development and leadership. The result is dealing with questions about; good leadership, personal leadership, the link between these and development of leadership. The subject is linked to the theories about Transformational Leadership and Authentic Leadership; conclusions are then drawn from it. In the current situation the understanding about the importance of personal leadership for the professional leadership is increasing, but research on the subject is inadequate. Words like; courage, human interest and insight are a constant factor in the empire, but not in the theory, this indicates that those factors need more research.

This essay aims to investigate the perceptions of responsible personnel in a primary school about the use and importance of EQ, emotional intelligence, in the school's early years. With a hermeneutic approach and by qualitative interviews, we have taken note of the respondents perceptions about EQ. The result shows that EQ can be understood in different ways. Instead of having a common understanding of what EQ is the respondents mention that there are different areas associated with EQ.  Two major results are 1. The respondents who work in the lower age groups prefer to work with EQ regularly in scheduled lessons, but also integrated during the school day. 2. The respondents who work in the older age range (year 4) prefer only an integrated approach and considers that there may be perceived as artificially in the process of EQ, but that it should be about natural dilemmas from everyday life. The result also shows that the children have changed over time when the society has changed. Children are now, more than ever before, being admitted to the various media and use a lot of awake time to computer games and watching TV and film. As a consequence, today's school requires a higher degree of emotional and social skills. / Denna studie har till syfte att studera hur pedagogiskt ansvarig personal på en skola reflekterar kring betydelsen av och arbetet med EQ, emotionell intelligens, i skolans tidiga år. Med hjälp av en hermeneutiskt inspirerad forskningsansats och kvalitativa intervjuer har vi tagit del av respondenternas uppfattningar kring EQ. I resultatet framgår det att EQ kan uppfattas på olika sätt. Istället för att ha en gemensam uppfattning om vad EQ är menar de olika respondenterna att det finns olika områden som förknippas med EQ. De respondenter som arbetar i de yngre årskurserna föredrar att arbeta med EQ regelbundet på schemalagda lektioner, men också integrerat i verksamheten. Respondenterna som arbetar i de äldre åldrarna (årskurs 4) föredrar enbart ett integrerat arbetssätt och anser att det inte får upplevas som konstlat i arbetet med EQ, utan att det ska handla om naturliga dilemman ur vardagen. Resultatet belyser även att barnen har förändrats över tid i samband med att samhället har förändrats. Då barn nu i högre grad än tidigare blir upptagna av olika media och använder mycket vaken tid till dataspel, TV-tittande och film kräver dagens samhälle en högre grad av emotionell och social träning i skolan.

<p>This essay aims to investigate the perceptions of responsible personnel in a primary school about the use and importance of EQ, emotional intelligence, in the school's early years. With a hermeneutic approach and by qualitative interviews, we have taken note of the respondents perceptions about EQ. The result shows that EQ can be understood in different ways. Instead of having a common understanding of what EQ is the respondents mention that there are different areas associated with EQ.  Two major results are 1. The respondents who work in the lower age groups prefer to work with EQ regularly in scheduled lessons, but also integrated during the school day. 2. The respondents who work in the older age range (year 4) prefer only an integrated approach and considers that there may be perceived as artificially in the process of EQ, but that it should be about natural dilemmas from everyday life. The result also shows that the children have changed over time when the society has changed. Children are now, more than ever before, being admitted to the various media and use a lot of awake time to computer games and watching TV and film. As a consequence, today's school requires a higher degree of emotional and social skills.</p><p> </p> / <p>Denna studie har till syfte att studera hur pedagogiskt ansvarig personal på en skola reflekterar kring betydelsen av och arbetet med EQ, emotionell intelligens, i skolans tidiga år. Med hjälp av en hermeneutiskt inspirerad forskningsansats och kvalitativa intervjuer har vi tagit del av respondenternas uppfattningar kring EQ. I resultatet framgår det att EQ kan uppfattas på olika sätt. Istället för att ha en gemensam uppfattning om vad EQ är menar de olika respondenterna att det finns olika områden som förknippas med EQ. De respondenter som arbetar i de yngre årskurserna föredrar att arbeta med EQ regelbundet på schemalagda lektioner, men också integrerat i verksamheten. Respondenterna som arbetar i de äldre åldrarna (årskurs 4) föredrar enbart ett integrerat arbetssätt och anser att det inte får upplevas som konstlat i arbetet med EQ, utan att det ska handla om naturliga dilemman ur vardagen. Resultatet belyser även att barnen har förändrats över tid i samband med att samhället har förändrats. Då barn nu i högre grad än tidigare blir upptagna av olika media och använder mycket vaken tid till dataspel, TV-tittande och film kräver dagens samhälle en högre grad av emotionell och social träning i skolan.</p>

Bakgrund: Hypertoni är en global folksjukdom och den största orsaken till kardiovaskulära sjukdomar och dödlighet. Sjukdomen benämns “the silent killer” eftersom den ofta inte medför några symtom, vilket i sin tur kan innebära att individerna inte upplever sig som sjuka och därför avstår medicinering. Studier visar att många individer med hypertoni lever med nedsatt hälsa och stort lidande. Vid skattning av livskvalitet inom hälso- och sjukvården används begreppet hälsorelaterad livskvalitet (HRQoL) som i denna allmänna litteraturöversikt har valts som teoretisk referensram. Syfte: Att undersöka hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos individer med hypertoni samt vilka faktorer som påverkar deras hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt med 19 kvantitativa studier. Huvudresultat: Individer med hypertoni hade sämre HRQoL än individer utan hypertoni. Därtill framkom att medvetenhet om sin hypertonidiagnos även bidrog till sämre HRQoL. Kvinnor hade sämre HRQoL än män. Hög ålder var en faktor som påverkar HRQoL till det sämre, liksom samsjuklighet och okontrollerat högt blodtryck. Anställning, högre inkomst och högre utbildningsnivå bidrog till bättre HRQoL. Levnadsvanor som gav positiva effekter på HRQoL var en viss alkoholkonsumtion och fysisk aktivitet. Faktorer som undersöktes och visade sig påverka HRQoL positivt var individens förmåga att hantera sin sjukdom, individens psykologiska motståndskraft, hälsolitteracitet, vårdkontinuitet, att få regelbunden medicinsk undersökning samt följsamhet till farmakologisk behandling. Slutsats: Den allmänna litteraturöversiktens resultat kan vara värdefullt för all hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal, liksom i arbetet som distriktssköterska, för att kunna stötta individer med hypertoni till en bättre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och anpassa vården utifrån individernas enskilda förutsättningar. / Background: Hypertension is a global public disease and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality. The disease is often called the “silent killer” because it often does not cause any symptoms, which can mean that individuals do not feel sick and therefore refrain from medication. Studies show that many individuals with hypertension live with impaired health and great suffering. When estimating quality of life in health care, the term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is used, which in this general literature review has been chosen as theoretical framework. Aim: To investigate health-related quality of life in individuals with hypertension and the factors that affect their health-related quality of life. Method: A general literature review with 19 quantitative studies.                                  Main results: Individuals with hypertension had poorer HRQoL than individuals without hypertension, in addition, a study showed that awareness of their hypertension diagnosis also contributed to poorer HRQoL. Women had lower HRQoL than men. Old age impaired HRQoL as well as comorbidity and uncontrolled high blood pressure. Employment, higher income and a higher level of education contributed to better HRQoL. Living habits which had positive effects on HRQoL were a certain alcohol consumption and physical activity. Factors examined that were found to have a positive effect on HRQoL where the individual´s’ ability to manage their illness, psychological resilience, health literacy, continuity of care, regular medical examination and adherence to pharmacological treatment. Conclusion: The results of the general literature review can be valuable for all health care and medical staff, as well as in the work as a district nurse, to be able to support individuals with hypertension to a better health-related quality of life and adapt care based on the individuals' conditions.

This thesis examined the sensitivity of the EQ-5D-5L instrument in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with persistent symptoms following COVID-19, including fatigue, memory and concentration problems, and dyspnea. Additionally, it was analyzed whether adding these symptoms to the EQ-5D-5L improved the explained variance for HRQoL. Patients from Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, answered a survey that included questions on five dimensions of health represented by the EQ-5D-5L and an additional question on general health score called EQ-VAS. Multiple linear regression, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) were used to examine the sensitivity of the EQ-5D-5L. For the explanatory analysis, the Adjusted 𝑅2 was used to evaluate explanatory power with and without the presence of the symptoms. The results showed that the EQ-5D-5L dimensions explained a moderate proportion of the variance for fatigue and memory/concentration problems and a weak proportion for dyspnea. The explanatory analysis provided findings that fatigue significantly improved the explained variance of EQ-VAS by 5.5%, adding memory/concentration problems only improved it marginally, and adding dyspnea was non-significant. Additionally, strong to moderate correlations between fatigue and memory/concentration problems were found with multiple dimensions of the EQ-5D-5L. These findings suggest that the EQ-5D-5L instrument may be a valuable tool in assessing HRQoL in patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms and that adding fatigue to the EQ-5D-5L could be beneficial for improving explanatory power to HRQoL in patients suffering from infectious disease. / COMBAT post-covid

La notion d’instauration rapide d’un traitement efficace et agressif dans la polyarthrite débutante a renforcé la nécessité de disposer de mesures d’utilité validées afin d’optimiser l’évaluation médico-économique de ces traitements. Actuellement, il n’y a pas de consensus sur le choix du questionnaire multi-attributs à utiliser pour le calcul des utilités. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’étudier les niveaux, les performances et les déterminants des 2 outils indirects de mesure d’utilité (EQ-5D et SF-6D) dans la polyarthrite débutante, au travers des données de la cohorte ESPOIR, cohorte multicentrique française de polyarthrites débutantes. En conclusion, l’EQ-5D et le SF-6D ne sont pas interchangeables dans la polyarthrite débutante : ils ont des échelles, des distributions, une reproductibilité et une sensibilité au changement différentes. Ils ne donnent pas les mêmes résultats surtout quand les patients ont un mauvais état de santé et plus particulièrement une incapacité fonctionnelle importante. La distribution bimodale de l’EQ-5D, sa moins bonne reproductibilité, le fait qu’il soit moins sensible à l’amélioration, sa plus grande variabilité dans l’estimation du gain d’utilité et donc des QALYs, les problèmes soulevés par la signification d’un état « pire que la mort » (qui n’est pas celle du patient), favoriseraient plutôt l’utilisation du SF-6D dans les essais sur les nouvelles biothérapies dans la polyarthrite débutante / The explosion of drug development for rheumatoid arthritis and the revolution of early aggressive therapy for the disease have fuelled the search for better approaches to establish cost-effectiveness in early arthritis (EA), but consensus is lacking on the choice of utility instrument. We aimed to compare the EQ-5D and SF-6D, 2 indirect utility measures widely used to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), in terms of their utility values, their performance and their determinants in a large prospective cohort of patients with EA. In conclusion, the EQ-5D and SF-6D are not interchangeable: their scales, distributions, reliability and responsiveness are different. There is systematic disagreement between the EQ-5D and SF-6D in EA especially in patients with worse clinical outcomes and more specifically with high functional disability. Several elements suggest that the SF-6D may be more appropriate for clinical trials of biologics in patients with EA: the bimodal distribution of the EQ-5D, its lower reliability and responsiveness for EA improvement than the SF-6D, its high variability in the estimation of the utility gains and thus QALYs gains and the problems raised by the meaning of a state labeled " worse than the death " (which is not the one from the patient)