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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [269]-287).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Divinity School, August 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

FC Erasmus became South Africa's defence minister in 1948 after two decades as a leading political organiser for the National Party. Although an architect of the Nationalists' post-war election victory he was not considered a minister of the first rank. Erasmus initiated a process of ridding the defence force of officers who he believed were associated with the Smuts government and replacing them with party supporters. As a result the military often lost experienced and talented officers. Erasmus felt that the armed services had been too British in ethos and appearance. He inaugurated tighter regulations on bi-lingualism, reintroduced boer rank titles, launched new uniforms and original medals and decorations, to the acclaim of the volk. His purpose was to have a defence force which was uniquely South African. Many of his policies came under attack not only from the United Party but also groups such as the Torch Commando and the veterans organisations. With the apparent lack of an imminent military threat to the apartheid government Erasmus never received substantial budgetary allocations from finance ministers. The defence force, one without conscription, remained small with largely antiquated equipment for the important air and land forces. However by the decade's end the navy was gradually receiving modern ships under the terms of the Simonstown agreement, which Erasmus had negotiated with Britain. The events of the Sharpeville crisis, just after Erasmus left defence, demonstrated that the armed forces as moulded by the minister were in poor condition to assist the civil power in suppressing disturbances. Overseas Erasmus hoped to increase the acceptability of the Union as a defence partner among Western countries by providing personnel for the Berlin Air Lift and the Korean conflict and promising a contingent for the Middle East. He attempted unsuccessfully to instigate anti-communist alliances for the land and maritime defence of Africa when the European powers were leaving the continent. These actions were primarily to obtain political support for the Union, whose prestige was rapidly decreasing as apartheid became better known. The external initiatives with the exception of the Simonstown naval agreements were not lasting.

This thesis is focused on analysis of development limits in an european interdisciplinary student association called Erasmus Student Network (ESN). The main aim of the theoretical part is to clear up issues linked with non-governmental organizations, volunteering and specifics in motivation of volunteers. Practical part then directly focuses on ESN and research within their members. The research is connected with motivation, satisfaction and identification with the international association. Within the thesis there are used information from actual literature and trustworthy internet sources as well as information gained from ESN representatives and my own experience.

Tatev Derzyan (41794665) The Effectiveness of Erasmus+ and UGRAD Soft Power on Armenia during Hard Times (Nagorno-Karabakh War 2020) Abstract The thesis focuses on soft power and public diplomacy through exchange study programs of the European Union and the United States. Precisely, the thesis studies the influence of the educational exchange programs (Erasmus+ and UGRAD) on the Armenian exchange students in the scope of soft power. After establishing the influence of the exchange programs on the formation of the perceptions about the host countries, the thesis further focuses on the sustainability of the perception taking into consideration the Nagorno-Karabakh Second war which is a 'critical juncture' as it was a dramatic event in the life of the Armenian youth and could have influenced their views of the EU and the US. It is important to note that the academic literature on the exchange students' perceptions does not provide any studies through the lenses of the political events in the participants' home country. Thirty-nine semi-structured interviews have been conducted among the Erasmus+ and UGRAD participants from Armenia alongside the content analysis of the documents that the EU and the US released during the Nagorno-Karabakh Second war in order to understand what was the politics of the host...

The aim of the thesis is to explore how national street-level bureaucrats perceive their role when implementing EU soft law in a Europeanised environment. Existing studies have focused on the role perception of public servants working within implementation of EU hard law, or being diplomats or working on ministerial level. These studies find that there is an additional EU servant role perception, beyond the national servant role perception. It provides the theoretical and empirical expectation that the public servants on the street-level and within EU soft law are national servants and do not hold an additional EU role perception. The study uses theories on Europeanisation, identity and role perception, and street-level bureaucracy to further understand the case. The thesis is based on 13 semi-structured interviews to understand the role perception. The selected case is a least-likely study as it explores role perception of street-level bureaucrats within EU soft law. More precisely, the field of higher education and its internationalisation, as the study selects the Erasmus+ programme and street-level bureaucrats who work with its implementation in Sweden. This, to understand how they perceive their role when implementing an EU programme and in a Europeanised, but also national, environment. The findings of the thesis show that the street-level bureaucrats hold a national role perception but there are respondents who also present a perception of an additional EU role perception, for example five respondents who presented to be working for the EU in addition to the Higher Education Institution. Thus, it does not provide enough support for the theoretical and empirical expectations to be confirmed that street-level bureaucrats within EU soft law only hold a national servant role perception. Hence, it shows that it also exists a perception of also being an EU servant and holding loyalty to the EU.

The European Union, viewing itself as a normative actor, employs various means to disseminate its normative power within its member states, candidate countries, and the global context. The ERASMUS+ program comprises one of the tools designed to enhance the EU's international presence by facilitating cross-cultural interactions among participants and fostering group affiliations. This study aims to explore this impact on ERASMUS+ participants from EU candidate countries like Albania, employing constructivist concepts. By conducting interviews with both mobile and non-mobile Albanian exchange students, leading a comparative analysis, this research seeks to offer deeper insights into the extent to which the normative power of the EU influences these participants and their European identity formation. The guiding hypothesis, that participating in an ERASMUS+ program successfully shifts the identities of the students towards a more pro-European stance, has been verified through the discourse analysis of the interviewees answers. Hence, the normative power of the European Union is present and strengthened through this tool in the candidate countries.

Student mobility in the Caribbean, especially the Dutch Caribbean, is under researched. Therefore, this thesis seeks to fill this gap by studying the student mobility of Aruban students atthe University of Aruba. In this present study, Bourdieu’s sociological concepts of habitus, fieldand capital will aid in examining how the economic, social and cultural capital of Aruban students influences their student mobility through the Erasmus + program offered by the University of Aruba. To study this, a multi-method approach was used, namely the text analysis of the University website and policy documents, and an online survey. A multi-method approach will aid in delivering a complete picture of the expectations of the University of Aruba has fortheir students, as well as the lived experiences of the Aruban students. This study suggests that all forms of capital play an influential role in the Aruban student’s mobility. Economic capital plays a crucial role in their choice to move abroad and their motive to do so. Their social assets positively influence their mobility as well as their experiences abroad. Lastly, students’ cultural resources play an influential role in their choice, their expectations, and experiences, however it can also be a crucial barrier to their mobility. While the university promotes equal opportunities, these results indicate otherwise and might suggest that the university revise their selection process to offer students from all opportunities genuineequal opportunities.

La contribution intellectuelle d’Érasme de Rotterdam (ca 1466-1536), en particulier dans les domaines exégétique, philologique et littéraire, a été décisive pour l’histoire des idées et l’évangélisme humaniste. Ses "Paraphrases sur le Nouveau Testament", visant principalement à clarifier le propos des saintes Écritures, représentent l’aboutissement de tout son travail exégétique. Davantage qu’un commentaire savant, elles ont contribué à diffuser la piété et le savoir biblique chez les laïcs, ce qui explique le franc succès qu’elles ont remporté au XVIe siècle. Toutefois, la question de leur réception et de leur diffusion en langue française reste encore peu explorée. La "Paraphrase sur l’épître de Paul aux Romains" a eu une importance toute particulière dans le contexte de la Réforme religieuse. Elle a été traduite du latin au français dans un manuscrit rédigé en 1526 par Hubert Kerssan, chanoine de Nivelles, dans le Brabant wallon. Destinée sans doute à un usage privé ou, du moins, à une diffusion plus restreinte, cette traduction est restée dans l’ombre jusqu’à aujourd’hui et son existence même est encore inconnue de la critique, d’où notre projet de la rendre accessible grâce à l’établissement d’une édition critique. Ce travail éditorial a été l’occasion d’étudier la traduction de Kerssan en regard du texte original, ce qui nous a permis de déterminer comment elle s’en distingue, de même que de réfléchir au choix du mode de diffusion manuscrit dans le contexte humaniste du XVIe siècle. Après près de cinq siècles, le manuscrit de Nivelles peut enfin acquérir une certaine visibilité. Il saura contribuer à l’étude de la réception et de la diffusion de la pensée érasmienne dans les milieux francophones en Europe ainsi qu’aux problèmes théologiques et culturels posés par l’œuvre d’Érasme. / The writings of Erasmus of Rotterdam (ca 1466-1536) contributed to many fields such as exegesis, philology and literature. They had a major influence on the history of ideas and on humanist evangelism. Overmore, the "Paraphrases on the New Testament", that were meant to clarify the meaning of Holy Scripture, represent the outcome of all the exegetic work of Erasmus. They participated even more than scholar commentaries to diffuse piety and biblical knowledge among lay people. This explains the great success they gained in the 16th century. The "Paraphrase on Paul’s letter to the Romans" had a special importance in the religious reform context. It was translated from latin language to french in a 1526 manuscript written by Hubert Kerssan, canon of the city of Nivelles, in the Walloon Brabant. Since this translation was probably intended for a private use or at least a limited diffusion, it is still unknown in the area of erasmian studies. For this reason, our project is to make the 1526 manuscript accessible by establishing a critical edition. While doing this editorial work, we compared Kerssan’s translation with Erasmus’ Paraphrase in latin in order to determine in which way it differs from the original. We also investigated the possible reasons it was not published in the humanist context of the 16th century. After five hundred years, the Nivelles manuscript can finally be diffused. We hope that this critical edition contributes to a better understanding the reception and diffusion of Erasmus’ philosophy in french speaking environment all around Europe, as well as to the study of theological and cultural issues that arises from his writings.