The concept of sustainable development is increasingly common within international and national policy documents. Operationalising this concept has however proven to be problematic. The dissertation presents an explanatory model, which identifies that while economic factors are important within decision-making, ethical motivations are also changing the way firms operate. In response to a collective expression of environmentalism within society, government and industry, and proactive firms have begun incorporating sustainable development into decision-making. However, the organisational change necessary to implement these measures is identified as a complex process, dependant upon a strong organisational culture. Tourism agencies support the concept of sustainable development, citing a symbiotic relationship between product quality and the environment. However, with tourism numbers projected to double within the next 20 years, some question Australia’s capacity to maintain enduring environmental quality and to service the infrastructure demands of residents and tourists. To date, policy preference has predominantly focused on self-regulatory mechanisms that produce cost reductions and have promoted market driven corporate responsibility. While these factors have influenced proactive firms, within tourism accommodation this is generally not the case. This is due to the perception that sustainable practice impinges upon guest satisfaction and that evidence of a green consumer is yet to be identified and quantified in this highly competitive and price sensitive sector. The multi-disciplinary, mixed method inquiry process used in this study, employing quantitative and qualitative methods, provided rich data that supports the ethical and organisational propositions within the model. The study proposes that mechanisms designed in concert with critical sector issues are more likely to result in the development of effective policy to improve environmental performance. With accommodation properties tending to be either small or large multi-nationals, it was found that drivers are not consistent over property type, given differing decision-making frameworks. In addition, there was evidence of a lack of awareness of the environmental consequences of tourism and of practices to improve environmental outcomes. It is proposed, that incorporating the concept of environmental quality into existing service quality frameworks, currently supported by strong organisational cultures, are likely to moderate knowledge and performance deficiencies identified within the study.

Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2007. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 57-61. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-67).

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-159).

Thesis (M.Com. (Human resource management))-University of Pretoria, 2004. / Summaries in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2007. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 57-61. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-67).

It is an undeniable truism that the world at large and Africa in particular is facing serious environmental problems such as deforestation, water pollution, air pollution, wetlands destruction, poaching as well as global warming. These problems are mainly caused by economic pressure for industrialisation, technological advancement, population growth, poverty and ignorance. Efforts to tone down these environmental problems have been largely influenced by the employment and deployment of Western ethical theories like land ethic, deep ecology, ecofeminism and social ecology as well as scientific approaches. Whilst these strategies are credited for forming the foundation of environmental discourse, they have not been a one-size-fits-all approach. As a result, they have registered modicum results in mitigating environmental challenges especially with particular reference to Africa. This is simply because they have proved to be anthropocentric and they are not flavoured with socio-cultural realities which identify the indigenous folk and shape their relationship with the natural environment. It is against this backdrop that the researcher feels that African communitarianism as a theory embedded on Ubuntu, Indigenous knowledge system such as taboos and totems and African traditional religion and morality, can chip-in to supply a home-grown solution to African environmental problems. Conscious of the pejorative effects of colonial hegemony through Christianity and the ever-present modern world of scientific undertakings, the researcher recommends a formulation of an environmental ethic that integrates traditional African religion, Christian ethics and scientific conservation methods to ensure an environmental policy that informs and directs sustainable socio-economic trajectory in contemporary Africa. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.A. (Philosophy)

The increase in the presence and influence of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) locally and internationally is having a noticeable effect on the policy process at a national level. While the NGO sector is more commonly examined at an international level, its impact at the state and sub-state level remains unexplored. This gap in the literature is addressed as a primary problem in this thesis. By exploring the relationship between the NGO and the state, the significance of this relationship is emphasised as a necessary inclusion in International Relations literature. The NGO sector presents civil society with a road into, and in some cases an alternative to, traditional modes of political advocacy. This increases civil society's ability to impact the policy process by creating, what is identified in this thesis as, a dialogical space. The dialogical space allows for an exchange of ideas and thus influences the decision-making process of the state, if and when it is explored. Furthermore, the dialogical space facilitates, as is shown here, learning through the conversations that take place between NGOs and the state. This thesis asks ‘what do NGOs learn from their conversations with states?' and presents the ‘lessons learned' from Scottish and Zambian case studies. NGOs are identified here as civil society in organisation and have a particular relationship with the communities they represent. This relationship is empirically examined and presented here in the Scottish and Zambian case studies. This thesis examines the relationship between the NGO and civil society, and most importantly the relationship between the NGO and the state using the ethic of care as a theoretical lens. Conclusions are drawn from the interviews conducted during the fieldwork. The ethic of care is located in practice and used as a theoretical lens to examine what the local NGOs learn from their interactions with the state. Both case studies confirm that an ethic of care is a prevalent ethic in NGO practice, as identified by the NGO workers interviewed. Furthermore, when used as an analytical lens the ethic of care is shown to be used as a tool by NGOs to nurture an ethic of care in statesmanship. The thesis specifically highlights that NGOs have learned from their conversations with states and that, through the creation and use of the dialogical space, an ethic of care in practice can be traced. The greater significance of this thesis is that it addresses the relationship between the NGO and the state at a local and national level; a topic which is lacking in current IR literature, despite being of crucial value for understanding the state's interaction with non-state actors, in this case local NGOs. Furthermore, through the use of the ethic of care both as an exploratory lens and in its identification as a practical ethic, this thesis highlights the importance of an ethic of care in theory and practice.

Submitted by Rodney Segura Cavalcante (rradvogados@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-17T20:39:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese para repositório unesp.pdf: 15700362 bytes, checksum: 57616ec29aa2414021ed7ce3fc11e3b4 (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: Necessário fazer a seguinte correção no arquivo submetido: problema 1: o arquivo submetido não contém capa padrão, item obrigatório de acordo com as normas do seu programa. Assim que tiver efetuado as correções submeta o arquivo em PDF novamente. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-04-19T12:35:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Rodney Segura Cavalcante (rradvogados@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-04-20T13:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese para repositório 2.pdf: 17057802 bytes, checksum: 4a168eba94637a7b14ba81ed61d6a65e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-04-20T14:24:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalcante_rs_dr_bot.pdf: 17057802 bytes, checksum: 4a168eba94637a7b14ba81ed61d6a65e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T14:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalcante_rs_dr_bot.pdf: 17057802 bytes, checksum: 4a168eba94637a7b14ba81ed61d6a65e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Introdução.Os avanços tecno-científicos do último século prestigiam a tecnologia e as ciências experimentais, resultando em desequilíbrio de valores e desumanização dos profissionais de saúde, dentre os quais, os anestesiologistas. Nesse universo, observam-se hospitais e enfermarias, depositários de sofrimentos humanos em nome da luta obstinada pela vida, ainda investindo na prática de distanásia, quando a conduta mais digna seria a ortotanásia. Objetivos. Avaliar se os anestesiologistas brasileiros conhecem os institutos da distanásia e ortotanásia; investigar a preferência dos anestesiologistas entre as práticas da distanásia e ortotanásia, diante da terminalidade de paciente com doença incurável; investigar se a distanásia ainda é praticada e, por fim, investigar como o ensino da graduação médica contribuiu para a abordagem teórica e prática de questões relacionadas a morte. Métodos. A pesquisa consistiu na aplicação de um questionário online, elaborado pelos pesquisadores, ainda não validado. O convite à participação se fez por correio eletrônico a todos os anestesiologistas filiados à Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA), explicando a natureza e a finalidade da pesquisa e direcionando os interessados, por meio de um link, ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e ao questionário. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os 30 primeiros questionários respondidos na integralidade, de cada uma das cinco regiões politico-administrativas do Brasil, conforme determinação do método estatístico. Resultados. Os anestesiologistas brasileiros, embora afirmem conhecer os institutos de distanásia e ortotanásia, em sua maioria adquiriram este conhecimento fora da graduação acadêmica. Dentre aquelas práticas, diante da terminalidade do próprio entrevistado, do paciente ou do ente querido, preferem a ortotanásia; que o enfermo terminal morra no lar, priorizando a dignidade. No entanto, afirmam que já aderiram à prática da distanásia, mesmo quando a ortotanásia era a melhor conduta, ainda que tenham discordado, o que gerou frustração e indignação. Quase a integralidade dos entrevistados afirmou não ter tido, durante o curso de graduação, treinamento prático de como lidar com a terminalidade e nem conteúdo satisfatório de Ética e Direito, embora se sinta capaz de diagnosticar paciente acometido de doença incurável, com prognóstico reservado, e orientar com familiaridade condutas paliativas. A maioria não conhece o conteúdo da Resolução do Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM)1.805/06 que torna ética a ortotanásia. Conclusões: Os anestesiologistas brasileiros afirmam ter conhecimento sobre as práticas da distanásia e ortotanásia. Os anestesiologistas preferem a prática da ortotanásia à da distanásia, diante da terminalidade. Os anestesiologistas afirmam ainda conviver com a prática da distanásia. O ensino da graduação médica pouco contribuiu para a abordagem teórico- prática das questões relacionadas à morte. / Background. The technological and scientific advances of the last century have honored technology and experimental sciences, resulting in imbalance between society values and dehumanization of health professionals, where anesthetists are included. In that universe, we can observe that the hospitals are used as deposits of human suffering in the name of the obstinate struggle for life and dysthanasia is still practiced, when the most dignified conduct would be orthothanasia. The objectives of this study are: evaluate whether Brazilian anesthesiologists know the institutes of dysthanasia and orthothanasia; investigate the preference of the anesthesiologists between dysthanasia and orthothanasia practices, considering the terminally ill patients with incurable disease; investigate whether dysthanasia is still practiced, and finally to investigate how medical education, during graduation in Medical schools have been contributing to theoretical and practical approach to issues related to death. Methods. This research consists in the application of an online questionnaire, prepared by the researchers, not validated yet. The invitation to participate was sent by e-mail to all anesthesiologists affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology (SBA), which has explained the nature and purpose of the research and directed the interested parties, through a link, to the Informed Consent Form (TCLE) followed by the questionnaire. The first 30 completed questionnaires from each of the five political-administrative regions of Brazil were included in the study, according to the determination of the statistical method. Results. Brazilian anesthesiologists, although claiming to know the institutes of dysthanasia and orthothanasia, they acquired that knowledge mostly outside academic graduation. Between those practices, when terminality of the interviewee, the patient or the loved one, is faced, they preferred orthothanasia; as well die at home, prioritizing the dignity. However, they affirm that they have already adhered dysthanasia even when orthothanasia was the best to be practiced, even though they disagreed, which generated frustration and indignation. Almost all of the interviewees affirmed that they had not had practical training in how to deal with terminality and satisfactory contents of Ethic and Law, during graduation, even though they feel capable of diagnosing a patient suffering from an incurable disease and a reserved prognosis and familiarity to guide comfort. Most do not know the content of Resolution of Brazilian Federal Medical Council 1.805 / 06. Conclusions. Brazilian anesthesiologists claim to have knowledge about the practices of dysthanasia and orthothanasia. Anesthesiologists prefer to practice orthothanasia than dysthanasia, when terminality is faced. Anesthesiologists also claim that dysthanasia is still practiced. The teaching of medical graduation does little to contribute to the theorical/practical approach to issues related to death.

Orientador: Eliana Marisa Ganem / Resumo: Introdução.Os avanços tecno-científicos do último século prestigiam a tecnologia e as ciências experimentais, resultando em desequilíbrio de valores e desumanização dos profissionais de saúde, dentre os quais, os anestesiologistas. Nesse universo, observam-se hospitais e enfermarias, depositários de sofrimentos humanos em nome da luta obstinada pela vida, ainda investindo na prática de distanásia, quando a conduta mais digna seria a ortotanásia. Objetivos. Avaliar se os anestesiologistas brasileiros conhecem os institutos da distanásia e ortotanásia; investigar a preferência dos anestesiologistas entre as práticas da distanásia e ortotanásia, diante da terminalidade de paciente com doença incurável; investigar se a distanásia ainda é praticada e, por fim, investigar como o ensino da graduação médica contribuiu para a abordagem teórica e prática de questões relacionadas a morte. Métodos. A pesquisa consistiu na aplicação de um questionário online, elaborado pelos pesquisadores, ainda não validado. O convite à participação se fez por correio eletrônico a todos os anestesiologistas filiados à Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia (SBA), explicando a natureza e a finalidade da pesquisa e direcionando os interessados, por meio de um link, ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e ao questionário. Foram incluídos na pesquisa os 30 primeiros questionários respondidos na integralidade, de cada uma das cinco regiões politico-a... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background. The technological and scientific advances of the last century have honored technology and experimental sciences, resulting in imbalance between society values and dehumanization of health professionals, where anesthetists are included. In that universe, we can observe that the hospitals are used as deposits of human suffering in the name of the obstinate struggle for life and dysthanasia is still practiced, when the most dignified conduct would be orthothanasia. The objectives of this study are: evaluate whether Brazilian anesthesiologists know the institutes of dysthanasia and orthothanasia; investigate the preference of the anesthesiologists between dysthanasia and orthothanasia practices, considering the terminally ill patients with incurable disease; investigate whether dysthanasia is still practiced, and finally to investigate how medical education, during graduation in Medical schools have been contributing to theoretical and practical approach to issues related to death. Methods. This research consists in the application of an online questionnaire, prepared by the researchers, not validated yet. The invitation to participate was sent by e-mail to all anesthesiologists affiliated with the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology (SBA), which has explained the nature and purpose of the research and directed the interested parties, through a link, to the Informed Consent Form (TCLE) followed by the questionnaire. The first 30 completed questionnaires from each of t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor