Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Carlos Goncalves Faya.pdf: 456246 bytes, checksum: 2f67a2897bba38beaaa31f13670ac7ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-15 / This work, which is a research about the meanings of the word ethic according to the interpretation of Max Weber, in his book A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo, demonstrates the great divergence of meanings in the usual as well as philosophical sense of ethic. It is an analysis of its uses, since its Greek origin until the current days, in order to prove there is not specific definition for it, unless all its multiplicity of meanings are taken into consideration. Initially, the focus is in the problematic of Weber´s book and its solutions, otherwise it could not be understood. However, before inquiring the main subject, there is a comparison between the terms ethics and moral, and the conclusion that Max Weber makes an evident and clear distinction between them. Then, bearing this in mind, the subject matter itself can be mentioned. The conclusion is that, according to Max Weber, ethic is a methodological rational regulation, a systematization of means in relation to ends, without any connection with goodness or badness, freedom or any other metaphysical entity. What must be considered is the influence of regulation in the formation of permanent and intrinsic characteristics of character, psychological disposition which determines the human act. / A presente Dissertação de Mestrado, cujo tema aborda os sentidos que a palavra ética recebe na interpretação de Max Weber em seu livro A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo, mostra a grande divergência que há, tanto na acepção comum quanto na filosófica, na conceituação da palavra ética. Ela analisa os diversos usos que se faz da palavra, desde a sua origem grega até os dias de hoje, mostrando que a ética não pode ser definida, a não ser que se leve em consideração sua diversidade. A abordagem do livro de Max Weber é feita a partir dessa visão multifacetada, detendo-se primeiro na problemática do livro e sua solução, sem a qual não seria possível interpretar o texto do autor. Antes da análise do tema central das pesquisas, é feita uma comparação entre as palavras ética e moral, com a conclusão de que Max Weber faz uma nítida distinção entre as duas. Só a partir de então é que se pode entrar no assunto propriamente dito, com a conclusão de que ética para Max Weber é um regulamento racional metodológico, uma sistematização de meios em relação a fins. Sem qualquer relação com bem e mal, liberdade, ou outra entidade metafísica. O que conta são as influências da regulamentação na formação dos traços intrínsecos e permanentes do caráter, disposições psicológicas que determinam o agir humano.

Este estudo teve como objetivos revelar os dilemas éticos do cotidiano de enfermeiros de instituições de medicina diagnóstica, e o que consideram na tomada de decisão frente a esses dilemas. Para compreender o vivencial desses enfermeiros nesse contexto, optei pela abordagem qualitativa, vertente fenomenológica, segundo a modalidade “estrutura do fenômeno situado”. Foram realizadas nove entrevistas com duas questões norteadoras: “Em seu cotidiano, você identifica situações que envolvam dilemas éticos? Fale sobre a sua vivência.” e “Frente a um dilema ético, o que você leva em consideração para a tomada de decisão?”. Após a descrição dos discursos, foi realizada a análise ideográfica, a partir da qual surgiram sete temas: “(Não) Reconhecimento da existência de dilemas éticos”; “Falta de autonomia profissional”; “(Des) Valorização profissional”; “Fatores envolvidos na tomada de decisão”; “Humanização no relacionamento com a equipe e com o cliente”; “Postura ética” e “Valorização da dimensão técnica”. Com a análise nomotética realizada posteriormente, buscou-se revelar as convergências e divergências das unidades de significado interpretadas, com o intuito de perceber a estrutura geral do fenômeno. Com as proposições foi possível desvelar que em Medicina Diagnóstica, os dilemas éticos são percebidos como situações desencadeadas pelo cliente, família, profissionais e instituição. As enfermeiras tomam decisões através da participação de todos os envolvidos na situação, ponderando o custo-benefício de uma ação para o cliente, agindo de forma humanizada, através de suas crenças, respeitando a hierarquia institucional e procurando respaldo médico quando sentem insegurança. A decisão para mudar uma rotina só é tomada quando existem recursos no trabalho. Cumprir normas e condutas da empresa, ser imparcial e humana com a equipe de enfermagem e cliente e ver o que é certo e errado para tomar a posição correta diante de uma situação ética, também são fatores considerados na tomada de decisão. / This study tried to reveal the ethical dilemmas in wich nurses from institutions of medicine diagnostic live every day, and what they consider when they make a decision. To understand the nurse’s experience in this context, I chose the qualitative analysis, according to phenomenological orientation in which there is the modality “structure of the phenomenon situated”. Nine interviews were realized with two guiding questions: “In your ordinary day, do you identify situations involving ethical dilemmas? Speak about your experience.” and “In front of an ethical dilemma, what do you take into consideration for making a decision?” After describing the speeches, there was an ideographic analysis in which apperead seven themes: “(No) Acknowledgement of the existence of ethical dilemmas”; “Lack of professional autonomy”; “Professional (de) valuation”; “Factors involved in making decision”; “Humanization in the relationship with the team and the customer”; “Ethical attitude” and “Valuation of the tecnique dimension”. The nomothetic analysis was in order to show the convergences and divergences of the units of meaning interpreted, with the purpose of understanting the general structure of the phenomenon. With the propositions it was possible to unveil that the ethical dilemmas in Medicine Diagnostic are perceived like situations created by costumer, family professionals and institution. The nurses make a decisions by regarding the participation of people involved in the situation, analyse the cost-benefit of an action for the customer, humanize their actions, in their beliefs, respect the institucional hierarchy and look for a medical opinion when they feel insecurity. The only decide to change a routine when there are resources at work. Other factors are also considered for making a decision: execute rules and behaviours inside the company, be impartial and humane with the nursing team and the customer and identify what is right and wrong to know how to make a correct decision in an ethic situation.

D.Litt. et Phil. / The shift from a modern to a postmodern culture is reverberating through the field of career psychology. This results in a rejection of the grandnarrative of the objective career and a shift to the exploration of multiple subjective realities regarding the world of work. A description of three aspects, namely, sensitivity towards diversity, the notion of the subjective self and the challenge to the general paradigm of progress, illuminate blind spots in modern career psychology. These aspects present a conceptual base for thinking on postmodern career psychology. The career psychologist’s role is determined by processes of decision making and attributing meaning. An exploration and clarification of values is useful during these processes. The aim of this study is to formulate and investigate the validity of a structure of work values during an early stage of career process by means of developing a Work Values Questionnaire. A theoretical discussion of the constructs of values and more specifically work values, presents a basis for developing items for the Work Values Questionnaire. The purpose of this theoretical description is operational. In accordance with the postmodern incrudibility towards the grandnarrative no attempt is made to present a unified value or work values theory. The work of Buchholz and Hofstede forms the basis for a description of work values. From this theoretical basis five work value scales, namely, Collectivism, Uncertainty Avoidance, Power Distance, Individualism and Humanist Values were postulated. 93 items representing these scales were written and administered on 1365 South African participants. The responses of 637 participants were used to perform an exploratory factor analysis on the 93 items. The responses of the remaining 717 participants were used to perform confirmatory factor analysis of the obtained empirical structure. Five factors were identified and described in the first group by means of exploratory factor analysis. Based on these results, a postulated model was generated and tested with the Group Two data. The fit between the model and the data was explored by means of the chi-square statistic, the Goodness of Fit Index, the Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index and the Steiger Lind Root Mean Square Error of Approximation Index. The results indicate a satisfactory fit between the postulated model and the data. Based on the outcome of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, these five factors can be described as iv empirically well defined. The factors also appear to represent meaningful psychological constructs. It is therefore stated that the validity of a structure of work values is supported. The five constructs are Group Involvement, Uncertainty Tolerance, Structured Work, Visible Success, as well as, Progressive Advancement and Success. The results of this exploration can be utilised in further research aimed at the development of a Work Values Questionnaire.

This study investigated whether an employees’ perception of the ethical culture in the organisation and their perception of their own ethicality influenced their level of organisational identification and additionally, whether this relationship between perceived ethical culture and organisational identification had an influence on workplace wellbeing. The aim of this research study was to measure employees’ perceptions of organisational ethics, their relative self-ethicality, organisational identification, and wellbeing, in order to develop a model pertaining to the relationship between these three constructs. Research showed that employees’ perceptions of the ethical culture in their organisation can influence how they identify with that particular organisation. Research also indicated that the differences between perceived organisational ethicality and relative self-ethicality exist. Additionally, research showed the influence of perceived ethical culture and relative self-ethicality has indicated a relationship between organisational identification and wellbeing respectively. However, to date and to the researcher’s knowledge there has been no investigation of the relationship between these four constructs. This research study was quantitative in nature in which a questionnaire was utilised as a research method. A sample of 111 respondent from three organisations in the automation industry in the Eastern Cape, Port Elizabeth was utilised for this research study. The main findings indicated that an alternative model resulted to be a good fit through structural equation modelling. The results illustrated that organisational ethicality has an influence on how employees identify with their organisations and how this relationship influences wellbeing. Therefore, it is worthwhile to invest in an ethical organisational culture for the sustainability of the organisation and its employees’ livelihoods. This study contributes to the literature based on perceived ethical culture, organisational identification, and workplace wellbeing. Additionally, the study provides readers with a model on how these concepts influence each other.

Leadership behavior has been a popular research topic for many years. Much of this research has focused upon the identification of leader behavior that is interactional or determined by the situation which influences leadership style. Current leadership theories raise the question of the relationships between leadership behavior and personal work values. The problem of this research is to investigate the relationship of leadership style with an individual's values for working. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between variables which characterize leadership styles and variables related to working values. The hypotheses hold that work values will correlate positively with leadership style. Data were collected through the administration of three research instruments to ninety-two managers of five business firms. The instruments were the participant cover letter providing demographic characteristics, Leader Behavior Analysis II identifying style of leadership, and Values for Working identifying personal work values. Coefficients of determination were calculated to identify possible relationships between leadership style and personal work values. No significant statistical correlation was found. The conclusion is that leadership style appears to be a function of something other than an individual's work values.

Orientador: Luciene Ferreira da Silva / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, centrada no ensino de filosofia no Ensino Médio, investiga a problemática das restrições do ensino e aprendizagem da ética, bem como a forma tradicional com que o tema é abordado no Ensino Médio e tem como objetivo propor uma sugestão de ensino de filosofia através do RPG, resgatando assim o lúdico no Ensino Médio, após esclarecer como aspectos macroestruturais, como o neoliberalismo, configuram a educação. Então, se justifica por viabilizar formas amparadas no jogo como proposta para o desenvolvimento de aprendizagem dos conceitos, empoderando os sujeitos para práticas sociais de transformação social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, com utilização de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre as temáticas: jogo, educação, neoliberalismo, filosofia e ética. A hipótese é de que o ensino de ética como componente da filosofia no Ensino Médio, carece de estratégias capazes de facilitar o entendimento das teorias e dos autores que constituem a história da filosofia em relação a este tema. Temos como conjectura, inclusive, que a problemática decorre do alinhamento entre políticas públicas do Estado de São Paulo com políticas econômicas neoliberais que ocasionam precariedade para a escola pública em geral. Portanto, espera-se alcançar a construção ética por meio do jogo, pois a ética é uma temática pouco abordada diretamente nas disciplinas oferecidas no Ensino Médio, mas de extrema necessidade, neste nível de ensino. Com as pesquisas já realizadas,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research, centered on the teaching of philosophy in high school, investigates the issue of restrictions on teaching and learning ethics, as well as the traditional way in which the topic is addressed in high school and aims to propose a suggestion of teaching philosophy through of RPG, thus rescuing playfulness in high school, after clarifying how macro-structural aspects, such as neoliberalism, configure education. So, it is justified by enabling forms supported by the game as a proposal for the development of learning concepts, empowering the subjects for social practices of social transformation. This is a research with a qualitative approach, using bibliographic and documentary research on the themes: game, education, neoliberalism, philosophy and ethics. The hypothesis is that the teaching of ethics as a component of philosophy in high school, lacks strategies capable of facilitating the understanding of the theories and authors that constitute the history of philosophy in relation to this theme. We also have the conjecture that the problem arises from the alignment between public policies in the State of São Paulo with neoliberal economic policies that cause precariousness for the public school in general. Therefore, it is expected to achieve ethical construction through the game, because ethics is a theme that is not directly addressed in the subjects offered in high school, but of extreme need, at this level of education. With the research already carried out, we... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This case study of a school garden focuses on concepts of community that are fostered and embodied at this setting. By utilizing participatory ethnographic methodologies, this research explored gemeinschaft and gesellschaft concepts of community. Data reveals that students are able to learn mastery, belonging, generosity and independence while participating in the garden work. Teachers manage students who attempt to challenge the boundaries of this community by utilizing and ethic of care which allows teachers to de-emphasize authority and to first consider the networks of relationships and how to mend and improve them. Students are able to experience governmentality and an opportunity to reassess their behaviors against the community norms. It also appears that students are socialized into gemeinschaft values by experiencing caring, loving, and nurturing relationships that are meaningful and significant. Students also experience their own independence and self-governance and are afforded opportunities to share authority in a bottom-up approach. It appears that school gardens have benefits that are far more significant than simply learning math and science skills.

Data were collected from 388 administrators from ten urban and suburban school districts in Oregon and Washington to identify the work values of public school administrators, (as measured by the Ohio Work Values Inventory, OWVI), and determine the relationship between public school administrator role perceptions associated with burnout, (as measured by the Administrator Role Perception Inventory, ARPI), and their work values. The data were analyzed by levels of administration, background data and specific scales on the instruments. Cluster sampling by district was used; i.e. all administrators within each of ten school districts in Oregon and Washington comprised the initial sample of 701 administrators. The independent variables of the study were level of administration and the biographical descriptors of sex, age, education, administrative work experience and years of administrative experience at the same job and at the same location. The dependent variables were the seven constructs of the ARPI and the eleven constructs of the OWVI. The results indicated only moderate burnout in administrators in the sample and no statistically significant differences in the burnout among different levels of administration, although respondents reported moderate to considerable job stress. There were no significant differences in the burnout of male and female administrators and in nine of the 11 work values measured. Women administrators assigned statistically significantly more importance to the work values of Self-realization and Ideas/Data. In total, there were 35 statistically significant correlations between the OWVI scales and the ARPI subscales and the Total ARPI scale, indicating there are statistically significant relationships between administrator work values and role perceptions associated with burnout. Statistically significant differences were found between three work values of central office administrators and elementary school administrators, with central office administrators assigning statistically significantly more importance to the work values of Independence and Prestige and less importance to Altruism than did elementary school administrators and statistically significantly more importance to Independence than building administrators. Respondents assigned the greatest importance to the work value of Task Satisfaction and the least importance to Solitude. Administrators assigned considerable importance to the work values of Altruism, Independence and Ideas/Data Orientation.

Drygt 50 miljoner personer världen över lider idag av demenssjukdom. En siffra som förväntas tredubblats vid år 2050. Demenssjukdomar beskrivs som kroniska och degenerativa och har påverkan på personens minne, beteende samt förmågan att utföra dagliga sysslor. Personer med demenssjukdom är i behov av kompetent omvårdnad baserad på respekt för personens autonomi, integritet och värdighet. I takt med ökningen krävs mer kunskap kring omvårdnad vid demenssjukdom, för att personer med diagnosen skall erhålla rätt och passande vård. Syftet med studien var att belysa etiska utmaningar i omvårdnaden av personer med demenssjukdom. För att besvara syftet genomfördes en litteraturstudie med artikelsökningar i tre olika databaser. Det resulterade i fem kategorier; Bevara personens värdighet, Bristande kompetens, Bristande stöd, Bristande tid och resurser samt Bristande kommunikativ förmåga – den outtalade utmaningen. Det är av vikt att besitta kunskap kring de etiska utmaningar som uppstår i omvårdnaden av personer med demenssjukdom, då det kan öka förutsättningarna för en personcentrerad vård och därmed bevara personens autonomi, integritet och värdighet. / Approxmently 50 million people worldwide suffer from dementia today. A number that is expected to triple by year 2050. Dementia is described as chronic and degenerative and has an impact on the person's memory, behavior and ability to perform daily chores. People with dementia are in need of competent nursing based on respect for the person's autonomy, integrity and dignity. In line with the increase more knowledge about dementiacare is needed in order for people with the diagnosis to receive the right and appropriate care. The aim of this study was to highlight ethical challenges in the care of people with dementia. To answer the purpose, a literature study was conducted with article searches in three different databases. It resulted in five categories; Preserve the person's dignity, Lack of competense, Lack of support, Lack of time and resources and Lack of communicative – the unspoken challenge. It is important to have knowledge about the ethical challenges that arise in the care of people with dementia, as it can increase the conditions for a person-centered care and thus preserve the person's autonomy, integrity and dignity.

The true crime genre was invented by Truman Capote in 1965 with his work In Cold Blood.Since that day, the amount of true crime content and the number of consumers have continuedto grow. This type of content can be found in many different forms such as books, movies,series, TV shows, podcasts and more. However, it sometimes attracts a lot of criticism due totheir sensitive and sometimes even exploitative nature.The purpose of this thesis is to explore how true crime documentary producers operate tomake their content appealing to consumers. Here, we focus on true crime documentariesbroadcast on television, streaming and podcast platforms, all of which are aimed at Frenchconsumers.This thesis is based on an interpretivist philosophical approach and on a qualitative researchmethod. We interviewed French individuals working for production of true crimedocumentaries. Our interview was based on three main themes: production, ethics, andpost-production marketing. The goal is to get their opinions, knowledge and experiencesabout the production but also the promotion of attractive true crime documentaries and howethical aspects are considered. Specifically, we asked them about the techniques and toolsused in the creation and promotion of true crime content while taking into account the ethicalexpectations of consumers.This study contributes to previous studies from a theoretical and practical point of view. Froma theoretical point of view, our results have allowed us to understand the impact of thestrategies used by production teams to attract consumers. From a practical point of view, itcan help to better understand the consumption of these contents and related strategies. It canalso be used by future producers who plan to make a true crime documentary. It can also helpbroadcasters, that is to say television, streaming platforms and podcasts, to better understandthe actions of production teams.