Through Her Own Eyes: Environmental Rhetoric in Women’s Autobiographical Frontier Writing identifies frontier women, those who traveled overland to the West and those who homesteaded, as historical ecofeminists. The purpose of this study is to analyze frontier women’s environmental rhetoric in their journals and letters, which encouraged readers to become closer to nature and get to know it while encountering new land in the West. Promoting a close relationship with nature, frontier women’s writing also implied conserving and protecting nature for future generations, which demonstrates how they can be retroactively labeled ecofeminists. Frontier women’s environmental rhetoric reveals their alignment with Carolyn Merchant’s theory for harmony between humankind and nature: partnership ethics. Although many historians have mentioned frontier women’s emphasis on nature in their narratives, few have explored frontier women’s nature writing at length. Glenda Riley has completed a book-length study of early American women environmentalists, but she mentions only women whose environmental work led to documented activism or membership in conservation organizations. Annette Kolodny’s work focused on frontier women’s fantasies about the west, rather than their environmental rhetoric as a way of persuading readers, whereas my work uses frontier women’s daily writing to demonstrate an evolving environmental ethic that helps to categorize them as historical ecofeminists. An archival project, this study relies upon the archived overland journals of Sarah Sutton and Nancy Sherwin, both housed at UC Berkeley’s Bancroft Library as well as the letters of female homesteader Elinore Pruitt Stewart, archived at the Sweetwater County Museum. A visit to the archives at the Sweetwater County Museum yielded the treasure of Elinore Pruitt Stewart’s numerous unpublished letters. Frontier women’s philosophical alignment with ecofeminism made it possible for ecological philosophies to begin taking root in the American West. As historical ecofeminists, frontier women’s writing laid the foundation for the modern-day ecological conscience that makes individuals work to conserve nature for future generations.

It is a common phenomenon that experiences and educational background will take into account first. When high technology industrial corporations select engineers, they apply mental test or interview them in order to realize their personal characters which make clear and bright whether personal characters would collocate to work or not. In all, they want to make sure to choose the appropriate engineers. The paper attempts to study through different points of view to analyze the working attitudes and manners of engineers. In order to discover some useful messages and to help high technology industry, the study plans recruits and retaining strategy which can consolidate the manpower and core essence of this field. In this study, there are 323 engineers selected from 17 high technology corporations ( 11 of them are integrated circuit industry, 2 of them are electro- optical industry, 3 of them are computer and peripherals industry, 1 of them is communication industry ) for an empirical study. Their background information were collected to explore how the 4 variables (money ethic¡Bwork preference¡Bworkaholism and perfectionism) effect professional commitment . Thus, we hope the study can allow us to get the better knowledge of professional commitment of engineers. The following 4 main points were found in this study ¡G 1. Money ethic would influence on some professional commitment of engineers. While work preference¡Bworkaholism and perfectionism are considerable, the influence of money ethic would decrease. 2.The different motive levels in cognition and attitude would influence on achievements and learning manners of engineers. Thus, the diverse demand to intrinsic-extrinsic motive would effect the professional commitment of engineers. So if the engineers ask for higher demand of intrinsic than of extrinsic, they would have higher professional commitment. 3.The variable of workaholism dose not effect professional commitment obviously. The result could make engineers who are compelled to obey the norms from organization or team under an involuntary deed. 4.The perfectionism is the most explanatory to the professional commitment of engineers . So the Perfectionism¡¦s characters are more obvious and the working attitudes of engineers would be higher professional commitment. At last, this study would focus on the limitation of this study, the future study, and management meanings to present brief explanation.

Astract The purpose of the research aims at exlporing the relationship of organizational ethical climate, the principles of medical ethic and the performances of medical behavior and hope to get some findings that will benefit the managers and decresae the medical disputes. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. The more health care workers pay attention to the principles of medical ethic of nonmaleficence¡Bautonomy and beneficence, the better the performances of medical behavior are. 2. The more health care workers emphasize the importance of the principle of medical ethic of justice, the less the breakout of injustice. 3. The more hospitals put emphasis on the importance of climates of law and code¡Bcaring¡Brules, the better the performances of medical behavior are 4. While Instrumental climate is obvious, the outbreak of the injustice is easier. 5. Compared with others technicians, administrants, and nutritionists, doctors and nurses feel less the climate of caring. 6. The higher the climates of law and code¡Brules that hospital managers conducted are, the lower the climates of caring and instrumental are. 7. Those who are seniors show the climates of law and code¡Brules more, while those who are older also show the climate of the rules.. 8. The invasion of autonomy in the climate of performances of medical behavior is the most serious. 9. Those health care workers with a bachelor¡¦s degree feel less the climate of law and code.

This article is about building a dynamic model of an Italian food restaurant in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The model contains six sectors, including human resource sector, kitchen sector, quality sector, training sector, market sector and the financial sector. Depending on these six sectors we build a computer simulation model. With this computer simulation model can help people get better understanding of the real operational system and can have better insights of the restaurant management. In this article, we found out that the restaurant manager needs to emphasize the quality and training of their employees. If the restaurant grows without enough qualified employees, the growth will meet its limit and has problems like quality decline, working overtime, high turnover rate, customer base decline and may cause the restaurant to close up. In this article, we also found out that the training must both emphasize the professional training and ethic training and it is better to emphasize a little more on the ethic training. If the restaurant managers focus only on the professional training, it will bring serious problems. Since it has many conflicts during the work, the ethic training can help employees having more stable, social emotions for better customer service and build a trust and harmonious working atmosphere. Otherwise, the conflicts between the coworkers may cause service delay, service mistakes, increasing cost and high turnover rate. All these problems will affect the operation of the restaurant management in long term. In this article, the dynamic model contains many soft variables of the restaurant management. It can provide the learner of dynamic model building to learn about the soft variables modeling.

M. Tech. Office Management and Technology / This dissertation was necessitated by the challenges the public and private sectors faced in aligning their organisational values and goals with those of their employees. Professionalism has become a fundamental prerequisite for organisations to succeed. In order to achieve stated organisational goals, elements of professionalism such as trust, commitment, accountability and responsibility, have to be integrated into the daily activities of organisations in order to push forward and achieve their ultimate goals. This research project focused on the professional and unprofessional behaviour of employees in their work environment. Factors that constitute professional behaviour were emphasised, for example acceptable leadership styles, professional trust, responsibility, accountability and commitment. Factors such as nepotism, favouritism, insubordination, alcohol and substance abuse were classified as unprofessional factors in the work environment. Based on the findings, the question arose as to what made employees behave the way they do in the work environments? A significant interdependency and interrelationship were found with respect to openness, people networks, structured systems, orientation and awareness. Organisational governance affects employee behaviour and manifests differently, depending on the interests and perceptions of individual employees.

Pastarųjų metų vykstantys ekonominiai, socialiniai, kultūriniai procesai kaip neigiamas veiksnys kelia sunkumus jaunų žmonių sociokultūrinei adaptacijai, tautinio identiteto formavimui. Vienas būdų spręsti šias problemas – etnokultūrinių elementų integravimas į meninio ugdymo turinį. Tokios veiklos imasi nemažai meninio ugdymo pedagogų integruojant etnokultūros į šokio, muzikos, dailės ir kt. dalykus. Darbo autorė pastebi, kad teatro meno pedagogai mažiau pasinaudoja liaudies kūrybos lobynais, rečiau taiko etnokultūros elementus praktiniame darbe. Darbo tikslas atskleisti vaikų folkloro teatro „Žaginys“ ugdymo turinio savitumą ir ugdymo rezultatų reikšmę dalyvių asmenybinių pokyčių ir meninių pasiekimų aspektais. Ugdymo turinys aptariamas remiantis darbo autorės ilgamete, asmenine patirtimi. Autorė pažymi, kad darbe svarbu yra tai, kad etnokultūros panaudojimas kūryboje nagrinėjamas kaip reikšminga vaikų ugdymo priemone. Aptariant ugdymo turinį keliami šie uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti vaikų teatro „Žaginys“ ugdymo turinį. 2. Išnagrinėti šio teatro dalyvių teatrinės raiškos ugdymo būdus ir ugdomąją aplinką. 3. Apibūdinti vaikų folkloro teatro „Žaginys“meninius pasiekimus. 4. Aptarti teatrinės patirties įgytos folkloro teatre „Žaginys“ įtaką teigiamiems dalyvių asmenybiniams pokyčiams. Tyrimo rezultatai atsispindi anketinės apklausos analizėje ir apibendrinime, ekspertų vertinimuose, respondentų refleksijose. Refleksijos nagrinėjamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Recent economical, social, cultural processes have had negative influence on national identity. Schoolchildren are less and less interested in different spheres of national culture. Educating the youth, who will foster and popularize Lithuanian national culture in the future, nowadays it is indispensable to turn their attention to traditional national art, its values, to help them understand their importance. Many art educators take up traditional national art education bringing in folklore elements into subjects of choreography, music, art, etc. The author of this paper points out that theatre educators use folklore heritage less, do not apply folk elements in their everyday work. The aim of this paper is to introduce experience of the creative work of children’s folklore theatre “Žaginys”, to single out approaches important in educating children, to offer suitable methods. Educational approaches are based on the author’s personal experience while working in this sphere for many years. The author points out that the importance of work is that using authentic folklore works in theatre is looked upon as an important means in educating children. While speaking about the unique nature of the theatre group and experience of the creative work the author singles out the following points: 1. Sources of artistic content of the theatre group. 2. Ways of fostering artistic abilities. 3. Peculiarities of the process of creative work of children’s theatre “Žaginys”. 4. Positive... [to full text]

Current approaches to sex trafficking appear to be neither very successful in stopping sex trafficking nor, more importantly, very effective in helping those women for whom it is intended. Rather, the overwhelming focus on the issue of prostitution obscures the more fundamental issue of providing relevant assistant to trafficked women. The theoretical debates among academics and feminist activists do not delve sufficiently deep enough into this issue, while the policy discussions and the resulting international policy reflect the moral positions of abolitionist activists and policy-makers regarding the unacceptability of prostitution as a legitimate income-generating activity— a debate that is distinct from the issue of sex trafficking. I will argue that existing national anti-sex trafficking policies in India and Nepal, the regional policy for the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation, and the United Nations Trafficking Protocol are ineffective because they reflect an association of sex trafficking with prostitution. A more effective policy would dissociate sex trafficking from moral judgments about prostitution. This can be accomplished by applying a feminist ethic of care as a methodology and as a political practice. Trafficked women emerge from a context of complex life histories and decision-making processes. Anti-sex trafficking governance structures are meant to provide care for trafficked women. As a methodology, an ethic of care would employ a critical moral ethnography to distill the experiences and articulated needs of trafficked women in order to show whether this is being accomplished and, if not, why. As a political practice, it can use the information that its methodology necessitates to provide guidance on how these governance structures might best be designed to provide care for trafficked women.

Current approaches to sex trafficking appear to be neither very successful in stopping sex trafficking nor, more importantly, very effective in helping those women for whom it is intended. Rather, the overwhelming focus on the issue of prostitution obscures the more fundamental issue of providing relevant assistant to trafficked women. The theoretical debates among academics and feminist activists do not delve sufficiently deep enough into this issue, while the policy discussions and the resulting international policy reflect the moral positions of abolitionist activists and policy-makers regarding the unacceptability of prostitution as a legitimate income-generating activity— a debate that is distinct from the issue of sex trafficking. I will argue that existing national anti-sex trafficking policies in India and Nepal, the regional policy for the South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation, and the United Nations Trafficking Protocol are ineffective because they reflect an association of sex trafficking with prostitution. A more effective policy would dissociate sex trafficking from moral judgments about prostitution. This can be accomplished by applying a feminist ethic of care as a methodology and as a political practice. Trafficked women emerge from a context of complex life histories and decision-making processes. Anti-sex trafficking governance structures are meant to provide care for trafficked women. As a methodology, an ethic of care would employ a critical moral ethnography to distill the experiences and articulated needs of trafficked women in order to show whether this is being accomplished and, if not, why. As a political practice, it can use the information that its methodology necessitates to provide guidance on how these governance structures might best be designed to provide care for trafficked women.

Based on a field study carried out in Kirikkale, this study investigates the transformation of religious tradesmen of small cities in Turkey with emphases on : (a) the role of religious values within the free market economy / (b) the &amp / #65533 / work ethics&amp / #65533 / of religious tradesmen and (c) the transformation process of religious values within the present economic system. In the study, semistructured in-depth interviews and official documents were used to collect the research data. The thesis of Weber on the relationships between religious values and the rational capitalism was examined to better understand the work ethics and the religious values of religious tradesmen. The opinions of Weber, Rodinson and &Uuml / lgener about the causes of the nonexistence of a rational capitalism in the Islamic world were evaluated throughout the study. In this respect, the emergence and the development of the Muslim guilds and petty bourgeoisie within the traditional Islamic societies were also studied. The research results suggest that the incorporation into the free market economy brings about the transformation the religious economic convictions or values. Therefore, the chance of survival and the applicability of such religious values within this economic system seem to be impossible. In summary, this particular research indicates that the religious tradesmen do not face with serious contradictions in their economic activities. They rather seem to be involved in a transformation and adaptation process in the free market economy.

Drawing on Weber’s rationalisation theory and feminist critiques of the consumption-production literature, this thesis describes the impacts and changes in dietary practices that have occurred in households as a result of limited or constrained time available for family food provisioning, and how these changes can be understood as a product of contemporary Australian policy, cultural and food landscapes. It adopts feminist ethnography and household food strategies as important methodological innovations to forge a culturally informed account of convenience-orientated dietary practices in family households within contemporary Australian society. The data were collected from 15 Brisbane family households between January 2002 and August 2006. The thesis argues that dietary practices observed in ‘time-poor’ households have evolved as solutions to the problem of time scarcity by women whose role has traditionally been to feed families. The ‘solutions’ are shaped by the resources to which households have access, and ideas and traditions about family care, food and its responsibility, and available alternative options. Change is observed in diets, menus, source of prepared meals and prepared ingredients, but also organisation of food provisioning and distribution of workload. Also being reshaped is the role of food in the expression of cultural identity, commensality and, in the family setting, the transmission of food skills and knowledge. An analysis that critiques the usefulness of ‘speeding up’ domestic food provisioning as a viable and sustainable solution to the retention of the family meal is drawn, highlighting the problematic nature of persistent nostalgic interpretations of commensal eating patterns in culinary, food activism, sustainability and nutrition discourses. In the absence of a coherent moral philosophy for guiding current public health policy and practice, Kittay’s public ethic of care is proposed as a suitable model. A key challenge for future research is to ensure that household level sociocultural analysis continues to enrich broader debates in food policy and public health.