Ce travail doctoral vise à comprendre les pratiques quotidiennes des jeunes adultes sur le Web en relation avec leur apprentissage au travers des dispositifs numériques. Le contexte étudié est la Colombie, un pays où l’insertion d’Internet dans la vie quotidienne est un fait relativement récent, mais où les jeunes constituent le plus grand groupe d’utilisateurs. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux jeunes de 19 à 25 ans, étudiants de premier cycle et issus des classes moyennes dans des milieux urbains. Dans une perspective communicationnelle, nous proposons une analyse de leur apprentissage en tant que processus socialement et culturellement ancré et indissociable de leur construction identitaire. D’abord, nous nous interrogeons sur les sphères de socialisation, les dispositifs sociotechniques, les usages, les pratiques sociales et les valeurs culturelles impliqués. C’est ainsi que nous examinons les pratiques numériques des jeunes telles qu’ils les vivent et perçoivent au quotidien. L’analyse se concentre également sur leurs pratiques de production en ligne, comme l’écriture de blogs ou le partage sur les réseaux socionumériques, ainsi que sur leurs pratiques de consommation culturelle sur le Web. Nous soulignons la posture active qu’ils adoptent pour faire face à l’abondance, la diversification, l’interpénétration et la mutation constante de l’offre technique et médiatique. Enfin, nous examinons les compétences acquises et développées par les jeunes. Nous explorons la manière dont ils sont confrontés à gérer leur propre parcours d’apprentissage et à développer une attitude réflexive à propos de leurs usages du Web. Inscrit en sciences de l’information et de la communication, ce travail souhaite ainsi contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de la manière dont les dispositifs numériques permettent aux jeunes d’acquérir de nouveaux rôles sociaux et, en conséquence, de construire un nouveau rapport au savoir et à la culture. / This doctoral thesis aims to understand the daily Web practices of young adults, in relation to their learning through digital resources and tools. The context of this study is Colombia, a country where the integration of Internet in everyday life is a relatively recent phenomenon, but where youth are the largest group of users. We are particularly interested in young people between 19 to 25 years of age, undergraduate students and from middle classes in urban areas. From a communicational perspective, we propose an analysis of their learning as a process which is socially and culturally rooted and inseparable from their identity construction. First, we inquire about the spheres of socialization, the technologies, the usages, the social practices and the cultural values involved. Thus, we consider their digital practices as experienced and perceived by them in everyday life. The analysis also focuses on their online production practices, such as writing blogs or sharing in digital networks, as well as their cultural consumption on the Web. We highlight the active behavior adopted by young people to respond to the abundance, the diversity, the convergence, and the constant change of the media and technological offer. Finally, we examine the skills acquired and developed by them. We explore how they manage their own learning process and develop a reflexive attitude about their Web usage. Thereby, this work seeks to contribute to a better understanding of how digital resources and tools allow young people to acquire new social roles and, therefore, to build a new relationship to knowledge and culture.

Dentro de las ciencias sociales se produjeron importantes avances respecto al conocimiento de las formas culturales de la crianza y la educación infantil. Sin embargo, en el sentido común y también en parte del discurso académico, persisten importantes reduccionismos que no hacen más que retomar solo algunos aspectos del cuidado infantil. En el siguiente artículo nos proponemos analizar los procesos y las relaciones que atraviesan las iniciativas ligadas con el cuidado y la educación infantil en contextos marcados por la desigualdad. Para ello nos basamos en los registros de tipo etnográfico que realizamos en barrios populares del Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. Como daremos cuenta con el análisis, las iniciativas ligadas con la socialización y educación de los chicos que viven en las barriadas populares se definen en tramas de intervención a cargo de actores sociales que incluyen y rebasan a las instituciones esperables para ello. nos referimos a actores que definimos como «sociales» y «políticos» en tanto producen significados sobre la educación en vinculación con distintas dimensiones de la vida social y en el marco de relaciones sociales atravesadas por el poder. / Important advances have been made in the social sciences with respect to our understanding of cultural variation in forms of childrearing and education.  However, common sense and certain academic discourses are persistently reductionist in taking only some aspects of childhood into consideration. In this article I analyze the processes and relations that surround activities related to childcare and education in contexts of marked social inequality.  The analysis is based on ethnographic fieldwork in popular neighbourhoods of Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. I demonstrate how the socialization and education of children living in poor neighbourhoods are embedded in networks of intervention that depend on diverse social actors that include but also exceed the bounds of the institutions that might be expected to relate to this sector.  These actors, discussed as «social» and «political,» produce meanings that refer to education in its connections to different dimensions of social life, in a framework of social relations that are shot through with power.

Orientador: Erotildes Maria Leal / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T00:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricci_EllenCristina_M.pdf: 1547488 bytes, checksum: 4699c5e04feb1770d8b066a22cef975d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O presente mestrado pretende compreender o cotidiano de usuários em tratamento nos serviços substitutivos de saúde mental com diagnóstico do espectro esquizofrênico, através de suas narrativas sobre seu próprio cotidiano a partir da experiência de adoecimento. As narrativas a serem analisadas por este projeto foram produzidas entre (2009-2011) pela Pesquisa Matriz: "PROJETO EXPERIÊNCIA, NARRATIVA E CONHECIMENTO: A PERSPECTIVA DO PSIQUIATRA E A DO USUÁRIO" finalizado em 2011. O objetivo geral deste projeto de mestrado é: Conhecer o cotidiano de usuários com diagnóstico do espectro esquizofrênico inseridos em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) de três municípios brasileiros (Campinas, Rio de Janeiro e Salvador), a partir de suas narrativas sobre a experiência do adoecimento psíquico. Os objetivos específicos são: 1- Conhecer e descrever o cotidiano dos usuários que antecede o início do adoecimento; 2- Conhecer e descrever o cotidiano dos usuários durante as primeiras experiências do adoecimento, no momento de crise e no momento do diagnóstico; 3- Conhecer e descrever o cotidiano dos usuários após o início e processo do tratamento. Este projeto se insere no campo de investigação qualitativa multicêntrica com referencial a análise fenomenológica. A linha metodológica adotada será a fenomenologia interpretativa (hermenêutica), com aproximações aos estudos socioantropológicos e da psicopatologia fenomenológica. A análise dos dados segue a análise interpretativa fenomenológica com base nas transcrições dos grupos focais dos usuários da pesquisa matriz. As categorias encontradas e analisadas foram: Percepções de si, dos outros e do mundo; Relações com os espaços de tratamento; Trabalho e Religião. Percebe-se a riqueza das narrativas pela singularidade e complexidade das relações sociais e vi diversidade das ações que compõem o cotidiano das pessoas que passam pelo processo de adoecimento em esquizofrenia e a necessidade de Políticas Públicas e de tratamentos sensíveis a explorar essa complexidade e singularidade na cotidianidade dos sujeitos envolvidos / Abstract: This dissertation aims to understand the everyday life of people with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis being treated in substitutive services through their narratives about their everyday life experiencing the illness. The narratives analyzed by this project were collected between 2009 and 2011, by a matrix research named "PROJECT EXPERIENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND NARRATIVE: The PERSPECTIVE PSYCHIATRIST AND THE USER", which ended in 2011. The main objective of this dissertation was to know the everyday life of people with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnosis inserted in Psychosocial Care Centers in three Brazilian municipalities (Campinas, Rio de Janeiro and Salvador), from their narratives about the experience of mental illness. The specific objectives are: 1- Know and describe the everyday life of CAPS users prior to the start of the illness; 2- Know and describe the everyday life of CAPS users during the first illness experiences, the first crisis and the diagnosis; 3-Know and describe the everyday life of CAPS users at the beginning of treatment and during its course. This research is part of a multi-center qualitative inquiry, adopting phenomenological analysis as a reference. The framework adopted is the interpretive phenomenology (hermeneutic), drawing from socio-anthropological studies and phenomenological psychopathology. The data analysis follows the interpretative phenomenological analysis of the transcripts from focus groups with CAPS users, from the matrix research. The themes found and analyzed were the following: Self-perception, perception of others and perception of the world; Relationship with treatment places; Work and Religion. The narratives¿ richness can be perceived from the singularity and complexity of social relations and the diversity of actions that compose the everyday life of people going through the disease process in schizophrenia, and the need for Public Policy and sensitive treatment to explore this complexity and singularity in the daily life of those involved / Mestrado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Mestra em Saúde Coletiva

Bakgrund: Multipel skleros är en kronisk neurologisk sjukdom där dubbelt så många kvinnor än män drabbas. Sjukdomen ger olika symtom som innebär stor förändring för personen, därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kompetensen som krävs för att kunna ge relevant omvårdnad. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med multipel skleros. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats genomfördes för att svara på syftet. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna Cinahl, Medline och PsycInfo. Relevanta artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och 12 artiklar analyserades enligt Fribergs femstegsanalys. Resultat: Kvinnor med multipel skleros upplevde förändrad identitet och förändrad livssituation. Sjukdomen skapade hinder och begränsningar som påverkade vardagen och oro kring hur sjukdomen skulle utvecklas i framtiden. Sjukvårdspersonal hade en viktig roll för att underlätta vardagen och minska stressen hos kvinnorna. Informationen om sjukdomen som sjukvårdspersonalen gav upplevdes betydelsefull för att hjälpa kvinnorna. Slutsats: Multipel skleros påverkar kvinnornas vardag och upplevelser som förändrad identitet och förändrad livssituation förekommer vid multipel skleros. Om sjuksköterskan har ett personcentrerat förhållningsätt i arbetet kan det inge trygghet för personen. / Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurological disease from which twice as many women than men suffer. The disease causes various symptoms that mean a great change for the person therefore, it is important that the nurse has the skills necessary to provide relevant nursing care. Purpose: To describe women's experience of living with multiple sclerosis. Method: A literature review with a qualitative approach was conducted to answer the purpose. Searches were made in the databases Cinahl, Medline and PsycInfo. Relevant articles were quality audited and 12 articles analyzed according to Friberg's five-step analysis. Results: Women with multiple sclerosis experienced a change of identity and a change of life situation. The disease created obstacles and limitations that affected everyday life and concerns about how the disease would develop in the future. Healthcare professionals played an important role in facilitating everyday life and reducing stress in women. The information about the illness that the health care provider gave was important in helping the women. Conclusion: Multiple sclerosis affects women's everyday lives where changed identity and changed life situation are common experiences in multiple sclerosis. If the nurse has a person-centered approach at work, it can provide security for the person.

Les objectifs de cette thèse sont multiples: 1. concevoir un nouvel outil d'échantillonnage des expériences utilisant les technologies mobiles, qui soit durable et évolutif, et qui permette d'implémenter des tests cognitifs mobiles; 2. utiliser cet outil pour obtenir des informations écologiques sur les comportements et les performances cognitives; 3. valider la méthode; 4. analyser les interactions entre comportement et performance afin d'identifier les comportements sains ou à risque. / This thesis has several objectives: 1. design a new experience sampling tool that is durable and evolutive, and allows to implement mobile cognitive tests; 2. use this tool to obtain ecological information on behaviors and cognitive performance; 3. validate the method; 4. analyze the relationships between behavior and performance to identify which behaviors are healthy or risky.

Vårt syfte är att bidra med kunskap om hur begreppet teknik i vardagen uppfattas och används av förskollärare. Utifrån syftet formulerades forskningsfrågorna: Hur uppfattar förskollärare begreppet teknik i vardagen? samt Hur uppfattar förskollärarna sin kompetens gällande teknik i vardagen och hur påverkar kompetensen deras undervisning? För att få möjlighet att ta del av förskollärares uppfattningar av teknik i vardagen användes en kvalitativ metod genom intervjuer. Fyra förskollärare blev intervjuade från fyra olika förskolor. Svaren från förskollärarna har analyserat utifrån den fenomenografiska ansatsen, där förskollärarnas olika uppfattningar blev grund för de olika kategorierna i resultatet. Resultatet visade att begreppet teknik i vardagen är svårfångat bland förskollärare och att kunskapen och förståelsen för ämnet teknik är låg och diffust när det kommer till hur förskollärarna ska undervisa om det. Studien har bidragit med kunskap om att det är viktigt att förskollärare har kunskap om vad teknik innebär för att kunna synliggöra tekniken för barnen.

The somewhat controversial Swedish online discussion forum Flashback Forum (Flashback) is used by a large part of the Swedish population and contains large amounts of information with a wide diversity regarding subjects. Flashback is unique, not least with its focus on freedom of speech, and is often considered unreliable and questionable. However, the large amount of information stored enable the use of the forum as a source of everyday information, given the fact that the user remain critical in their approach to the information retrieved. It seems reasonable to assume that students also use Flashback for this reason; and they can be assumed to have certain experiences regarding searching for information and judging the trustworthiness of found information. The purpose of this essay is therefore to study how Swedish students use Flashback to search for and access information, and how they relate to this information. To study this some concepts from Reijo Savolainen’s theory of everyday information practices has been used, in which he takes a social phenomenological perspective to everyday life information seeking (ELIS). These concepts are information source horizons, information fields and pathways, and stock of knowledge. For the method a survey was used, which was distributed online during March 2020 mainly in different student groups on Facebook. The results showed that a majority of the respondents use Flashback to search for and access everyday information, which was mainly related to current crimes and suspects. The majority of the respondents retained a critical approach to the information and used it mainly to still their curiosity about cases mentioned on news sites or papers. This study shows that Flashback can – and is – used by students to retrieve everyday information, mainly because the sought for information is not available, or not openly available, elsewhere. This study also shows that despite Flashback’s questionable reliability, the nature of the forum, and the fact that most respondents had a relatively bad attitude towards the forum, Flashback has a great potential as a source for everyday information of minor importance, and for taking part of others’ experiences.

The diploma thesis called "Domestication of Television News: Everyday Social Use of Television News in the Contemporary Family Environment" deals with the question of how and why are the evening news used in the family environment. It approaches this topic from the perspective of auditorial approach of cultural studies, takes for granted the existence of autonomous active audience. It informs about the key studies of social use of media, e.g. the typology of social use or role of gender in the attitude to media, and it deals with the question of relation of children and media. Further part of work is devoted to the news, its characteristics and the possible social use of this format by specific members of the family.These concepts are consequently used as tools for the research itself. The research of social use of the evenenig news is carried out with the help of qualitative grounded theory. In the empirical part the author arrives to the following conclusions: the main motivation for watching news is informative use, though at the same time it is used as a coulisse to other activities, most often bathing children and preparing or eating dinner. The most widespreaded type of watching news might be described as "monitoring", when television news viewing is secondary to some other primary activity....

Název: Everyday life of the medieval farmstead. Evidence of the material culture in Central Europe. Master 's thesis deals with a summary of knowledge about material culture of deserted high- and late-medieval villages in the Czech Republic and assessing their interpretive possibilities for understanding the everyday life of the medieval farmstead. Attention is focused on the metallic component of the material culture. Basis of the thesis consists of the summary and critical evaluation of archaeological objects discovered during researches of deserted medieval villages, especially since the second half of the 20th century until today (Pfaffenschlag, Konůvky, Bystřec, Mstěnice, Svídna, Potálov, Kravín and Spindelbach). Part of the work is an analysis of finding and spatial context at the discussed archaeological sites. The findings are in the end compared with the selected foreign deserted medieval village (Hard in Lower Austria). This thesis evaluates how a study of the material culture contributes to economic issues and the socio-economic structures of a medieval village. Keywords deserted medieval village - farmstead - everyday life - material culture - metal artifacts - middle ages - Bohemia and Moravia - Austria

The submitted master's thesis deals with the issue of urban archaeology, specifically on the example of Most plots No. 45-47. It is based on a summary of knowledge gained during rescue archaeological research, which took place between 1977 and 1978. An integral part is also the analysis and evaluation of material culture finds together with the ceramic inventory, which became the basis for the chronological sequence. The question of possible production activities that could be operated within the plots is further addressed based on the found artifacts. The final part thematically focuses on the progress and character of development in the plots in the 13th - 16th century, considering other contexts - within the city of Most, archaeology of cities in the Czech lands and archaeology of cities in Central Europe. Key words urban archaeology, medieval plots, housing, outbuildings, everyday life