Anotation Topic of the master thesis is Financial literacy of the Czech population. The thesis puts focus on population in their early adulthood (age from 18 to 30 years) and is divided into 5 chapters. 1st chapter defines literacy, functional literacy and financial literacy. 2nd chapter describes main reasons and factors affecting financial literacy and pathological events as a possible consequence of low level of the financial literacy. 3nd chapter focuses on customer protection and shows particular options how to increase level of customer protection in an area of personal finance. 4th chapter clarifies financial terms important for proper understanding of realized survey described in 5th chapter of the thesis. The main goal of the survey as well as the thesis is to find out current level of financial literacy of the Czech population in their early adulthood (age from 18 to 30 years). Partial goals of the thesis are identification and description of groups achieving worse results in financial literacy test within the population, and description of negative effects to individual's behavior in the area of personal finance related to lower level of financial literacy.

This thesis focuses on the strategic analysis of nonprofit organization Bezobalu which is concerned in research in unpackaging in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part first defines the concepts and the main factors that accompanies the nonprofit sector. Further part will focus on the strategic analysis of the organization, namely the analysis of ma-cro, analysis of micro and analysis of enterprise resources. The stated goal is to evaluate all the influences that affect the organization, but also the fact that the organization has influence and benefit from the opportunities. Work should bring a non-profit organi-zation full summary of the processes and outside the organization going.

Although governments try to create strict policies and regulations to prevent abuses, use of excessive force is still a problem for almost every country including Turkey. This study is intended to help Turkish National Police administrators to understand and prevent police use of excessive force. Studies on police brutality categorize three factors that explain why police officers use excessive force; these are individual, situational and organizational. In addition to brutality theories, job satisfaction literature is examined in this study to understand the use of excessive force. Job satisfaction is found to be related with burnout, turnover, stress, commitment, and performance. The impact of officers' attitude toward the criminal justice system and/or laws has not been tested widely. Police officers attitudes toward human rights laws are examined in this study to measure its impact on attitude toward use of excessive force. A secondary data collected in Turkey are analyzed by structural equation modeling which provides confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and causal relationships between variables. It is found that police officers' attitude toward human rights laws is a significant predictor of their attitudes toward use of excessive force. Job satisfaction and education level are the other significant variables affecting attitude toward use of excessive force. Based on the analyses of findings, educational and policy implications are posed for Turkish police administrators to better understand and prevent police use of excessive force.

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a relação entre a percepção do Clima Organizacional, com a Síndrome de Burnout e conhecer as Estratégias de Enfrentamento no trabalho em funcionários de Instituto de Pesquisas do Vale do Paraíba Paulista. O estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa descritiva, com delineamento de levantamento de dados e com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra pesquisada foi constituída de 252 funcionários públicos da região do Vale do Paraiba Paulista. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram: Inventário de Identificação de Amostra (QIA), Questionário de Clima Organizacional (QCO), Inventário Maslach de Burnout (MBI) e Questionário de Enfrentamento do Trabalho (QET). Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio do Programa Minitab versão 15 e também do software Microsoft EXCEL. Os principais resultados obtidos indicaram a predominância do perfil de Clima Organizacional com ênfase do fator liderança como maior índice de insatisfação entre os servidores e os níveis de Exaustão Emocional - EE (19,2), Despersonalização DE (8,4) e Realização Profissional RP (30,3) sendo a prevalência geral de 19,3% e, portanto, bem próximos das médias de outros estudos comparando os resultados. Quanto ao Enfrentamento no trabalho, 186 sujeitos (73,8%) da amostra adotam o comportamento evitativo e 66 sujeitos (26,2%) da amostra utilizam o comportamento Vigilante. A classificação subjetiva da qualidade do sono, a prevalência foi de 84,1% da amostra, composta por muito boa (25,8%) e boa (58,3%) e 15,9% da amostra composta por ruim (15,1%) e muito ruim (0,8%). Quanto a classificação objetiva da qualidade do sono ficou demonstrado que a prevalência foi de 74,6%, composta por muito boa (56,0%) e boa (18,6%) e a prevalência de 25,4%, composta por ruim (13,9%) e muito ruim (11,5%). Foi observado que 26,19% dos sujeitos da amostra atual apresentam Sonolência Excessiva Diurna. Foram identificadas associações entre as variáveis Sociodemográficas e Epworth na categoria idade (0,0037), AAS na categoria idade (0,0007) e Enfrentamento no Trabalho nas categorias idade (0,0018) e Horas trabalhadas (0,0034). Os resultados desta pesquisa poderão criar medidas de prevenção da Síndrome de Burnout. Os resultados obtidos não devem ser generalizados, em razão da metodologia de pesquisa empregada que espelham a realidade de uma amostra pesquisada, mas devem instigar novos estudos sobre servidores públicos de outras instituições que tenham similaridades nas condições de trabalho. / This study aimed to describe the relationship between perception of organizational climate, with the Burnout Syndrome and learn coping strategies at work in employees of the Research Institute of Vale do Paraíba Paulista. The study was conducted through descriptive research design with data collection and quantitative approach. The original sample consisted of 252 government officials from the region of Vale do Paraiba Paulista. The instruments used for data collection were: Inventory Identification of Sample (QIA), Organizational Climate Questionnaire (QCO), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Questionnaire of Coping Labour (QET). The collected data were processed using the statistical program EXCEL. The main results indicated the predominance of the Profile of Organizational Climate with emphasis factor leading to increased rates of dissatisfaction among the servers and the levels of Emotional Exhaustion - EE (19.2), Depersonalization - DE (8.4) and Professional Achievement - RP (30.3) and the overall prevalence of 19.3% and therefore quite close to the average of other studies comparing the results. As for coping at work, 186 subjects (73.8%) of the sample adopt avoidance behavior and 66 subjects (26.2%) of the sample using the Vigilante behavior. The subjective rating of sleep quality, the prevalence was 84.1% of the sample, consisting of very good (25.8%) and good (58.3%) and 15.9% of the sample of poor (15, 1%) and very poor (0.8%). As for objective classification of sleep quality was shown that the prevalence was 74.6%, composed of very good (56.0%) and good (18.6%) and the prevalence of 25.4%, consisting of bad ( 13.9%) and very poor (11.5%). It was observed that 26.19% of the subjects now have excessive daytime sleepiness. Was identified associations between sociodemographic variables and Epworth in the age category (0.0037), ASA category age (0.0007) and coping at work in the age categories (0.0018) and hours worked (0.0034). These results may establish measures to prevent the burnout syndrome. The results should not be generalized, because of the research methodology employed to reflect the reality of a surveyed sample, but should incite further investigation into public servants from other institutions that have similarities in working conditions.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22346号 / 医博第4587号 / 新制||医||1042(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 安達 泰治, 教授 森本 尚樹, 教授 福原 俊一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In this work, we focus on enhancing the efficacy of predictive modeling in operational management decision making in two different settings: Essay 1 focuses on demand forecasting for the companies and the second study utilizes longitudinal data to analyze the illicit drug seizure and overdose deaths in the United States. In Essay 1, we utilize an operational system (newsvendor model) to evaluate the forecast method outcome and provide guidelines for forecast method (the exponential smoothing model) performance assessment and judgmental adjustments. To assess the forecast outcome, we consider not only the common forecast error minimization approach but also the profit maximization at the end of the forecast horizon. Including profit in our assessment enables us to determine if error minimization always results in maximum profit. We also look at the different levels of profit margin to analyze their impact on the forecasting method performance. Our study also investigates how different demand patterns influence maximizing the forecasting method performance. Our study shows that the exponential smoothing model family has a better performance in high-profit products, and the rate of decrease in performance versus demand uncertainty is higher in a stationary demand environment.In the second essay, we focus on illicit drug overdose death rate. Illicit drug overdose deaths are the leading cause of injury death in the United States. In 2017, overdose death reached the highest ever recorded level (70,237), and statistics show that it is a growing problem. The age adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths in 2017 (21.7 per 100,000) is 9.6% higher than the rate in 2016 (19.8 per 100,000) (U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2018, p. V). Also, Marijuana consumption among youth has increased since 2009. The magnitude of the illegal drug trade and its resulting problems have led the government to produce large and comprehensive datasets on a variety of phenomena relating to illicit drugs. In this study, we utilize these datasets to examine how marijuana usage among youth influence excessive drug usage. We measure excessive drug usage in terms of drug overdose death rate per state. Our study shows that illegal marijuana consumption increases excessive drug use. Also, we analyze the pattern of most frequently seized illicit drugs and compare it with drugs that are most frequently involved in a drug overdose death. We further our analysis to study seizure patterns across layers of heroin and cocaine supply chain across states. This analysis reveals that most active layers of the heroin supply chain in the American market are retailers and wholesalers, while multi-kilo traffickers are the most active players in the cocaine supply chain. In summary, the studies in this dissertation explore the use of analytical, descriptive, and predictive models to detect patterns to improve efficacy and initiate better operational management decision making.

Introducción: Durante los primeros días de vida la madre es la principal fuente de alimento para el recién nacido. Sin embargo, es común que la madre presente trastornos de la lactancia y se genere una pérdida de peso neonatal mayor a la fisiológica. Objetivo: Estimar la magnitud y asociación entre los trastornos de la lactancia y la pérdida de peso neonatal mayor a la fisiológica en neonatos en el área de alojamiento conjunto de un servicio de neonatología en un hospital de la seguridad social en Lima, Perú. Métodos: Estudio de tipo transversal analítico. Registramos el peso neonatal en una evaluación de rutina (entre las 24 y 72 horas de vida) y lo comparamos con el peso al nacer. La pérdida de peso excesiva fue definida como una diferencia igual o mayor al 7%. Mediante una encuesta y verificación visual investigamos los trastornos de la lactancia materna (retraso en el inicio, posición de la boca, duración de la lactancia, frecuencia de la lactancia, sobreabrigo, dolor en el pezón y forma de la C). La asociación entre la pérdida de peso excesiva y los trastornos, ajustada por otros factores, fue cuantificada mediante un modelo linear generalizado múltiple. Resultados: En 18,8% (74/393) de los neonatos, la pérdida de peso excesiva fue igual o mayor al 7% del peso al nacer. La posición inadecuada de la boca en el pezón estuvo presente en 53,7% (211/393) de los neonatos mientras que el dolor en el pezón fue reportado en 44,0 (173/393). En el análisis ajustado, el dolor en el pezón [RP=1,50(IC95%:1,02-2,22)] y la posición inadecuada de la boca [RP=1,67(IC95%:1,09-2,57)] estuvieron asociados a una mayor ocurrencia de pérdida peso excesiva. Conclusiones: Los trastornos de la lactancia son comunes. Estos factores están directa y positivamente asociados a una mayor ocurrencia de pérdida de peso excesiva. La introducción de mejoras en las prácticas de lactancia, por ejemplo mediante programas educativos, podría disminuir la ocurrencia de pérdida de peso neonatal excesiva. / Introduction: During the first days of life the mother is the main source of nutrients for the newborn. However, breastfeeding difficulties are common and may generate excessive neonatal weight loss. Objective: Estimate the magnitude and association between breastfeeding problems and excessive neonatal weight loss beyond the physiological norm in the neonatology ward in a social security hospital in Lima, Peru Methods: We conducted a cross sectional analysis of the recorded neonatal weight in a routine evaluation (between 24 and 72 hours of life) and compared it against birth weight. Excessive weight loss was defined as a difference greater than or equal to 7 %. Breastfeeding problems (defined as problems with breastfeeding initiation, mouth position, breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding frequency, too much clothing, nipple pain and C form) were investigated using a survey and visual verification. The association between excessive weight loss and breastfeeding problems, adjusted by other factors, was quantified using a multiple generalized linear model. Results: Excessive weight loss was present in 18.8% (74/393) of the newborns. Improper positioning of the mouth on the nipple was present in 53.7% (211/393) of neonates while nipple pain was reported by 44.0% (173/393) of mothers. In the adjusted analysis, nipple pain [PR = 1.50 (95% CI: 1.02 to 2.22)] and improper positioning of the mouth [PR = 1.67 (95% CI: 1.09- 2.57)] were associated with an increased occurrence of excessive neonatal weight loss. Conclusions: Breastfeeding problems are common. These difficulties are significantly associated with an increased occurrence of excessive neonatal weight loss. Improvements in breastfeeding practices, for example through educational programs, may decrease the occurrence of excessive neonatal weight loss. / Tesis

Funerals are still considered as very important and well attended occasion in the black townships of South Africa. In the recent past, traditional African funerals practices have affected a number of powerful and complex systems that have been interaction in Africa. The three most important being traditional African cultures, modern Western culture and the environment. The study was conducted to establish factors that led to excessive funerals expenditures in some black townships communities of South Africa, in order to create a pastoral response to this phenomenon. The project was done in Ramatlabama village in the North West province and also in Soweto in the province of Gauteng. A qualitative methodological plan was followed allowing exclusive experiences to emerge. Families, adults and young church groups, clergy, Bishop, Social group and a Funeral undertaker , an in-depth qualitative analysis was employed in order to find the real reasons that led to excessive funeral expenditure. The data collected and analyzed revealed that factors such as impressing neighbors, meeting community and family expectation were the reasons for the phenomenon. There were other external factors that contributed indirectly to the practice and such as commercialization and politicization. In order to address this practice that is making the poor more vulnerable, the Shepherding Model of Gerkin’s and Pollard’s Theory of positive deconstruction was explored. It was found that the Clergy needed to be helped to be aware of the fact that excessive funeral expenditure requires a pastoral response with the right attitude and meaningful dialogues with those affected. The pastoral care-giver with adequate knowledge and exposure to life of pastoral care seeker will have a greater advantage to help most if not all families that usually find themselves in this predicament or dilemma. The best way for the church to help the poor families venture into the future, it’s by educating our communities on how not to spend beyond their means. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2013 / Practical Theology / unrestricted

Increasing obesity rates among adolescents in the State of Massachusetts are of concern to public-health professionals. High bullying rates may contribute to obesity. Guided by Maslow's safety component and Bandura's social-cognitive theory, this study investigated a relationship between hours spent television watching, bullying, and meeting physical-activity guidelines among Massachusetts adolescents. The association between the dependent variable--physical inactivity--and the independent variables--hours spent watching television andbullying--was explored using data from the 2009 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Participants were 2,601 Massachusetts adolescents aged 13 to 18. Statistical analysis included chi-square, the Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between television watching and physical activity, suggesting that the more hours students spent watching television, the less active they tended to be. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference in hours of television watching by level of physical activity. To determine where the statistical differences lay, 3 pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted; 2 were shown to be statistically significant. Physical activity and bullying were significantly associated. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test were significant, indicating that levels of activity for students who were not bullied were higher than those for students who were bullied. The social-change potential of this study is a better understanding of the relationship between bullying and physical inactivity among public health professionals in an increased effort to remove barriers to physical inactivity, help limit bullying, and increase health and welfare of adolescents.

REM sleep behavior disorder: Characteristics of polysomnographic and behavioral manifestations Abstract REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a disease characterized by abnormal motor activity corresponding to the dream content. REM sleep without atonia (RWA) and behavioral manifestations are the main features registered by video-polysomnography (PSG). Because idiopathic RBD (iRBD) is considered as prodromal stage of synucleinopathies, the direction of current research is the search for markers of early conversion. The goal of this study was to observe the group of patients with iRBD with regard to the development of manifest neurodegenerative disease, to find and test a new polysomnographic marker of phenoconversion, to perform analysis of the movements registered by video and to quantify excessive fragmentary myoclonus (EFM), which is a frequent finding in neurodegenerative processes. A total of 55 patients with iRBD were observed for 2.3±0.7 years. The annual conversion rate was 5.5%. Mixed RWA, representing simultaneous occurrence of phasic and tonic RWA, was suggested as a new marker of phenoconversion. Converted patients showed a higher mixed RWA (p=0.009) and the ROC analysis confirmed that mixed RWA is the best predictive marker of conversion among other RWA types (AUC 0.778). An average of...