Bakgrund: Artros är den vanligast förekommande ledsjukdomen. I den fysioterapeutiska behandlingen ingår fysisk träning där patienterna får individuellt anpassade hemträningsprogam. Följsamheten till dessa har dock visat sig låg, vilket kan åtgärdas med beteendeförändring. Fysioterapeuten kan bistå med stöd genom användning av beteendeförändringstekniker. Syfte: Att beskriva fysioterapeuters arbete med följsamhet till hemträningsprogram med hjälp av beteendeförändringstekniker hos patienter diagnosticerade med artros. Metod: Kvalitativ deskriptiv design med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sju fysioterapeuter rekryterades genom bekvämlighetsurval. Data analyserades utifrån kvalitativ innehållsanalys med deduktiv ansats där data matchades med redan framtagna kategorier och underkategorier utifrån Michie et al. (2013) taxonomi med beteendeförändringstekniker. Resultat: Informanternas beskrivningar av arbetet med följsamhet till hemträning matchades med 38 beteendeförändringstekniker indelade i 14 kluster: Goals and planning, Feedback and monitoring, Social support, Shaping knowledge, Natural consequences, Comparison of behavior, Associations, Repetition and substitution, Comparison of outcomes, Reward and threat, Regulation, Antecedents, Identity, Self-belief. Slutsats: Studien visade hur informanterna tillämpar beteendeförändringstekniker i arbetet med följsamhet till hemträning. Inget framstående beteendeförändrande arbetssätt kunde påvisas. En stor variation beteendeförändringstekniker beskrevs. Några arbetssätt tenderade innehålla beteendeförändringstekniker som hänger ihop och kommer till följd av varandra. Andra arbetssätt innehöll enskilda tekniker som används i syfte att möta individuella behov och hinder till träning. / Background: Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. The physiotherapeutic treatment includes physical exercise where the patients receive individually adapted home exercise programs. However, adherence to these has proven to be low, which can be remedied with behavioral change. The physiotherapist can provide support by using behavior change techniques. Aim: To describe physiotherapists' work with adherence to home exercise programs using behavioral change techniques in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis. Method: Qualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews. Seven physiotherapists were recruited through a sample of convenience. The data was analyzed based on qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach where the data was matched with already developed categories and subcategories based on Michie et al. (2013) taxonomy with behavior change techniques.  Results: The informants’ descriptions of the work with adherence to home training were matched with 38 behavior change techniques divided into 14 clusters: Goals and planning, Feedback and monitoring, Social support, Shaping knowledge, Natural consequences, Comparison of behavior, Associations, Repetition and substitution, Comparison of outcomes, Reward and threat, Regulation, Antecedents, Identity, Self-belief. Conclusion: The study showed how informants applied behavior change techniques in their work with adherence to home training. No prominent behavioral change approach could be demonstrated. A wide variety of behavioral change techniques were described. Some ways of working tended to include behavioral change techniques that interrelate and result from each other. Other ways of working contained individual techniques used to meet individual needs and training barriers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana P Damiano.pdf: 1573878 bytes, checksum: c1d4586f2c9d815e5179472918435bc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Intermittent claudication (IC) is the main symptom of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and it can severely affect the walking capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short-course physical exercise program on intermittent claudication of PAOD patients. Twelve out of the 34 recruited subjects were excluded for several reasons. Twenty-two subjects (14 males, mean age 64.4 ± 10.4 years, ankle-brachial index &#8804; 0.8) with varied clinical characteristics were included, and all have participated in Programa de Reabilitação de Doenças Vasculares Periféricas do Núcleo de Cardiologia e Medicina do Exercício (NCME) of the CEFID/UDESC. The physical performance was objectively assessed by means of a 6-minute walk test and subjectively assessed by means of the walking impairment questionnaire. The primary walking test was carried out in order to assess the initial and absolute claudication distances, and lasted up to 15 minutes. The final test lasted up to 30 minutes, if necessary. The results showed that 3 out of the 22 participants had no claudication, being able to walk up to one hour without pain. The mean improvement of the initial claudication distance for the 19 remaining participants was 74.15% (67.6 ± 61.4m, p<0.05). Eleven patients (50%) did not report absolute claudication pain during the primary test; 3 patients, with prior absolute claudication pain, completed the final walking test without reporting pain, and the 8 remaining patients, who still reported absolute claudication pain, had a mean improvement of 48.61% (84.3 ± 58.8m, p<0.05) in walking distance. Regarding the distance walked in 6 minutes, the mean improvement of the 22 patients was 17% (41.1 ± 62.5, p<0.05). It was also possible to notice mean improvement (n = 22) of 14.30% (p<0.05) in walking capacity impairment; 17.56% (p<0.05) in walking distance; 4.59% (p=0.258) in walking speed and 5.49% (p=0.468) in stair climbing. In conclusion, a short-course physical exercise program is effective in PAOD and IC patients. Throughout the walking test, the initial and absolute claudication distances and the distance walked in 6 minutes were significantly improved. The walking impairment questionnaire showed considerable improvements related to walking impairment and walking distance, however, concerning walking speed and stair climbing, the improvements were not statistically significant. / A claudicação intermitente (CI) é o principal sintoma da doença arterial obstrutiva periférica (DAOP) e pode comprometer severamente o desempenho de caminhada. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar os efeitos de um programa de exercício físico a curto prazo na claudicação intermitente de pacientes com DAOP. Dos 34 indivíduos selecionados, 12 foram excluídos por diversos motivos. Os 22 incluídos (14 do gênero masculino, média de idade 64,4 + 10,4 anos, índice tornozelo braquial < 0,8), todos participantes do Programa de Reabilitação de Doenças Vasculares Periféricas do Núcleo de Cardiologia e Medicina do Exercício (NCME) do CEFID/UDESC, apresentavam características clínicas heterogêneas. O desempenho físico foi avaliado objetivamente por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e subjetivamente pelo questionário de dificuldade para caminhar. O teste inicial de caminhada, destinado à avaliação das distâncias de claudicação inicial e absoluta, foi prolongado até 15 minutos e o final, quando necessário, até 30 minutos. Os resultados demonstraram que, dos 22 participantes do estudo, 3 deixaram de sentir a claudicação, caminhando até uma hora no programa de exercícios sem referir dor. Nos 19 pacientes restantes, a melhora média da distância de claudicação inicial foi de 74,15% (67,6 ± 61,4m, p<0,05). Dos 22 pacientes incluídos no estudo, 11 (50%) não apresentaram dor da claudicação absoluta no teste inicial; 3 pacientes, antes com dor da claudicação absoluta, completaram o teste de caminhada final sem essa manifestação e nos restantes (8 pacientes), que ainda apresentavam dor da claudicação absoluta, foi observada melhora média na distância caminhada de 48,61% (84,3 ± 58,8m, p<0,05). Quanto à distância percorrida em 6 minutos, a melhora média dos 22 pacientes foi de 17% (41,1 ± 62,5, p<0,05). Foi ainda constatado melhora média (n = 22) de 14,30% (p<0,05) na dificuldade para caminhar; 17,56% (p<0,05) na distância de caminhada; 4,59% (p = 0,258) na velocidade de caminhada e 5,49% (p = 0,468) na subida de degraus. Conclui-se que um programa de exercício físico a curto prazo é eficiente no tratamento de pacientes com DAOP e CI. Foi possível observar, por meio do teste de caminhada, melhora significativa na distância para claudicação inicial e absoluta e na distância percorrida em 6 minutos. A aplicação do questionário de dificuldade para caminhar demonstrou melhoras significativas relacionadas à dificuldade para caminhar e à distância de caminhada, sendo, entretanto, as melhoras relacionadas à velocidade de caminhada e subida de degraus consideradas estatisticamente não significativas.

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Title:. Influence of physical activity on body fat reduction Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to verify the effect of physical activity on body fat reduction compared with a diet. Methods: Literature search, creation of intervention programs and their implementation, data analysis and graphical presentation of results. Results: Changes in body composition among different groups was not statistically significant. Effect of physical activity on body fat reduction is not confirmed - this hypothesis has been rejected Key words: The exercise program, diet, body composition, gait, energy expenditure and intake, physical activity, motivation, reduction of subcutaneous fat, data collection and analysis, exercise and diet

This work aims at creating and verifying the trainig plan which develops dynamic and endurance skills needed for the competition called {\clqq}Ocelový muž``. The dissertation comprises three parts. The first part deals with the competition {\clqq}Ocelový muž``, the problems concerning dynamic and endurance skills, sports training and other interconected aspects. The next part is devoted to compiled training plan and to the testing of dynamic and endurance skills. Acquired knowledge is discussed and its summary is stated in conclusion.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Rates of chronic disease and physical inactivity are disproportionately high among African American women. Despite the known benefits of physical activity and an increasing number of programs designed to increase activity, attendance rates to many exercise programs remain low. There is much to learn about program types, such as healthy lifestyle programs (HLP); individual factors, such as self-efficacy; and mediating variables that may influence exercise program attendance. An observational study design was used to compare exercise self-efficacy and attendance in a community-based exercise program in African American women who were enrolled in a HLP (N = 53) to women who were not (N = 27). Exercise program attendance was gathered across six months; demographics, self-efficacy and physical activity behaviors were assessed through surveys; and physiological variables (resting heart rate and blood pressure, height, and weight) and physical fitness (muscular strength and endurance and cardiovascular endurance) were measured at baseline. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants and groups were compared using T-tests, chi-square and non-parametric statistics. Finally, mediation analyses were conducted using multiple regression models to assess self-efficacy as a potential mediator to exercise program attendance. Women who enrolled in this study were of low income (61% having an annual income less than $20,000), obese with a mean (standard deviation) body mass index (BMI) of 37.7 (7.6), pre-hypertensive with a mean (standard deviation) systolic blood pressure of 125.9 (14.4), and scored poorly and marginally on two fitness tests. On average, women reported being Moderately Confident in their ability to exercise regularly, yet had low attendance in the exercise program with a median number .5 days over six months and there were no significant differences in exercise self-efficacy (p = .23) or attendance in the exercise program between groups (p = .79). Additionally, exercise self-efficacy was not a mediating variable to program attendance. Women in this study had little discretionary income and several chronic disease risk factors, yet exercise program attendance was low even in those enrolled in a HLP. Identifying factors that increase exercise self-efficacy and factors that influence attendance beyond self-efficacy may help future program design and attendance.