The diploma thesis focuses on possible usage of home made experiment applications within physics lessons. The term home made experiment is clearly defined in this thesis as well as its corresponding involvement in educational process. Instructions and worksheets related to home made experiments are included. Below created materials were applied to verify the tasks and can be used in physics lessons at elementary school. The efficiency verification was performed by the attached and particularly analyzed didactic probes.

Submitted by KAROL DE ALMEIDA SANTOS null (karol3950@terra.com.br) on 2017-07-19T23:03:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KAROL SANTOS Versão Final - Dissertação.pdf: 2073101 bytes, checksum: 6858063cd1c39edc996f97557b1f5471 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-20T17:55:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ka_me_guara.pdf: 2073101 bytes, checksum: 6858063cd1c39edc996f97557b1f5471 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-20T17:55:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ka_me_guara.pdf: 2073101 bytes, checksum: 6858063cd1c39edc996f97557b1f5471 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-06 / A Engenharia apresenta como uma de suas características, a necessidade de investigação de sistemas, para se obter o máximo de resultado destes. E Planejamento de Experimento é um método, que pode suportar esta necessidade, porém a complexidade intrínseca ao método cria barreiras no entendimento, e consequentemente no uso, podendo se considerar a estatística um dos agentes mais significativos, portanto faz-se necessário utilizar abordagens mais eficientes, para o ensino deste método. As tradicionais abordagens pedagógicas não se mostram suficientes para favorecer a assimilação da essência do Planejamento de Experimento, pois ou seu foco se direciona quase que totalmente a estatística ou, quando se usa recursos tecnológicos, a ferramenta se torna protagonista, por se tratar de softwares complexos para análises, e adequado ao uso por especialistas. Assim essa dissertação vem com o objetivo de propor um software com características essencialmente didáticas, que venha a preencher esta lacuna, o qual foi denominado “The Cake”, metáfora que faz alusão à variabilidade total de um experimento, e que tem suas partes tomadas pelos efeitos controláveis e incontroláveis. Desta forma, este software foi desenvolvido, buscando interfaces amigáveis e similares aos livros texto, para ser de fácil uso e proporcionar interação com o usuário, e apresentar as análises de maneira gradativa. / The Engineering presents as one of its characteristics, the need of investigation of systems, in order to obtain the maximum result of these. Design of Experiments is a method that can support this need, but the intrinsic complexity of the method creates barriers in its understanding, and consequently on the use and statistic can be considered one of the most significant agents, therefore it is necessary to use more efficient approaches, for the teaching of this method. The traditional pedagogical approaches are not sufficient enough to favor the assimilation of the essence of Design of Experiments, since its focus is almost entirely on statistics or, when using technological resources, the tool becomes a protagonist because it is software complex for analysis, and suitable for use by specialists. So this dissertation comes with the objective of proposing software with characteristics essentially didactic that will fill this gap, which was denominated "The Cake", metaphor that alludes to the total variability of an experiment, and that has its parts taken by the controllable and uncontrollable effects. In this way, this software was developed, searching for friendly interfaces and similar to text books, to be easy to use and provide user interaction, and present the analyses in a gradual way.

In my thesis I deal with the interactive textbook for teaching of functions at elementary schools I have created. In the first part of my work I mention the concept of a textbook, modern textbook, interactive textbook. The main part of my thesis focuses on the description of the manual for the interactive teaching. In the manual the environment of the textbook, its application and individual examples are set out. Further, the educational experiment which was carried out at a selected school is described. The final part is dedicated to the evaluation of the questionnaires and stating of the results of the tuition.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka barns tankar kring varför olika föremål flyter eller sjunker i olika vätskor. Åtta förskolebarn mellan fem och sex år deltog i undersökningen. Barnen intervjuades i mindre grupper i samband med att de genomförde ett experiment kring densitet. Resultatet visar att barnen framförallt förklarar att vätskorna flyter på varandra för att de har olika vikt och olika egenskaper. Att föremålen flyter på olika ställen förklarar de också med att föremålen har olika vikt, men även med att föremålen fastnar eller att storleken bestämmer om föremålet flyter eller sjunker i vätskorna. Studien visar att barnen har många olika tankar kring varför något flyter eller sjunker men de har inte en korrekt vetenskaplig förklaring till fenomenet. Däremot har de sannolikt erövrat andra kunskaper och erfarenheter som de kan återkomma och relatera till vid andra tillfällen. Genom att synliggöra barnens tankar, blir det troligtvis lättare att som pedagog i förskolan stötta barnens utveckling och lärande. / The aim of the study was to investigate children’s thoughts about objects flotation in different liquids. Eight preschool children aged five to six years were included in the study. Qualitative interviews in small groups have been conducted with the children in an experiment on density. The result shows that the children explained the liquids flotation due to differences in weight and different characteristics. Furthermore, the objects flotation was also explained with the objects weight, but also that the objects can get stuck or that size of the object decides whether it will float or sink in the liquids. The study shows that the children have many thoughts about why some objects floats and some will sink, but they don’t have a proper scientific explanation for the phenomenon. On the other hand, they probably received other skills and experiences that they can return and relate to in other situations. By studying the children's thoughts, it probably will be easier to support children's development and learning as an educator in preschool.

Syftet med studien är att men hjälp av experiment, se hur barn kommunicerar och ställer frågor kring gasers egenskaper. Metoden som använts i studien är kvalitativa intervjuer med produktiva frågor för att kunna rikta barnens uppmärksamhet kring fenomenet. Datainsamlingsmetoden består av ljudinspelningar tillsammans med intervjuprotokoll, där barnens frågor och beskrivningar kring experimentet förts ner. Resultatet visar att barnen har en förståelse kring det naturvetenskapliga ämnet och kring gasers densitet. Även att barnen kunde beskriva varför materialen reagerade som de gjorde i lådan. De orden barnen använde delades in i ordklasserna adjektiv, verb och substantiv, medans frågorna delades in i kategorierna barns frågor kring saker barnen känner igen, frågor kring görandet och frågor kring att utveckla experimentet. / The aim of the study is with help of experiments, see how the children communicate and ask questions about gases properties. The method used in the study is qualitative interviews with the help of productive questions to direct the children’s attention around the phenomenon. The data collection method consists of audio recording along with a document where children’s questions and descriptions about the experiment brought down. The result shows that the children have a better understanding of the science topic and gases density. But also that the children were able to describe why the materials reacted like they did in the box. The worlds the children used were divided into parts of speech adjectives, verbs and nouns, while the questions were divided into categories like children’s questions about things they recognize, questions about the making and questions about developing the experiment.

Syftet med studien var att tillsammans med några förskolepedagoger utveckla en verksamhets fysik- och kemiundervisning, för att på så sätt kunna bidra med en metod för hur fysik- och kemiundervisningen i förskolan skulle kunna bedrivas. Studien hade en aktionsforskningsinspirerad ansats och för att få svar på studiens frågeställningar användes semistrukturerade gruppintervjuer. Tre frågeställningar skapades för att på så sätt kunna svara på studiens syfte: Vilket utvecklingsområde identifierar vi tillsammans med förskolepedagogerna i verksamhetens fysik- och kemiundervisning, Hur kan vi tillsammans med förskolepedagogerna planera och genomföra aktionen samt Hur beskriver förskolepedagogerna sina upplevelser från aktionens process. För att kunna analysera studiens resultat har resultatet satts i förhållande till utvecklingspedagogiken och pragmatismen. Studiens resultat visade att förskolepedagogerna önskade att fortsätta det naturvetenskapliga arbetet i verksamheten med hjälp av experiment. För att kunna utveckla fysik- och kemiundervisningen skapades därför ett experimenthäfte, Förskolans lilla experimenthandbok, för att kunna ge förskolepedagogerna stöd i det fortsatta arbetet. Experimenthäftet utvecklades från förskolepedagogernas önskemål samt tidigare forskning. Efter att aktionen genomförts beskrev förskolepedagogerna att de upplevde experiment som en givande metod i fysik- och kemiundervisningen. Förskolepedagogerna upplevde att det var till hjälp att få ett färdigt material att utgå från och att förskolebarnen utvecklade en begreppsuppfattning, vilket sågs som betydelsefullt inför framtiden. Förskolepedagogerna upplevde dock att en stor barngrupp och tidsbrist försvårade arbetet med fysik och kemi under aktionen. Studiens utgång blev därmed att trots förskolepedagogerna hade flera positiva upplevelser från aktionen blev det ändå slutligen verksamhetens förutsättningar som fick avgöra om arbetet utfördes eller ej.

This thesis focuses on capturing causal link between alcohol consumption and one of its externalities, crime. The quasi-natural experiment of the Czech temporary ban on hard liquor following an outbreak of methanol poisonings in September 2012 provides a valuable setting for evaluation of the alcohol-crime relationship. Over the course of the prohibition, violent crime rates fell by approximately 10 %, just like the aggregate of aggravated assault, criminal threatening, vandalism and property damage. In addition, the biggest share of reduction in crime falls on weekend criminality. The number of offenders under the influence of alcohol dropped by approximately 18 % for traffic-related offences and by 28 % in non-traffic offenses. The possibility of the reduction in crime being caused by lower detection capabilities of the law enforcement was examined. The reduction in reported cases of e.g. driving under the influence might be to a large extend explained by lower detection, but it could have reduced only rates of victimless crimes. Finally, the property crime rate was not significantly affected by the intervention, except for burglaries into bars and restaurants.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the use of the choice experiment method for modelling travel behaviour. The main scope of this diploma thesis is to find the main attributes for the individual's decision making about the student's choice of mean of transport. The models have been applied to long intercity trips between Prague and Brno. The model specification combines trip-based characteristics with socioeconomic characteristics. There are numerous European and US studies which have been conducted in a national context. In recent years, studies have been implemented also in the Czech Republic, but none of them focus on the specific segment of students. The principles of the choice experiment come out from the Lancaster' characteristics theory of value and random utility theory. The multinominal logit is used to the choice experiment analysis.

The thesis focuses on rationality in decisions by managers. The terms rationality, irrationality and bounded rationality are defined in the first part. The current state of knowledge on the concept of bounded rationality in decision making is then followed by a specific consideration of managerial decision making. The chosen bounded rationality effects, including heuristics, are also described. The purpose of the second part of this study is to examine experimentally the differential uses of heuristics among the students of the Faculty of Management relative to completion of the Managerial Decision Making course. The effect of time to use of heuristics is examined as well.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of teaching aids in the educational process. The attention in the first part of the work is paid to the analysis of the teaching aids functions and to the significance degree of their position in teaching. The work makes us acquainted with all the theoretical knowledge every teacher should know even prior to the creation and inclusion of relevant teaching aid within a lesson. In addition to the theory diploma thesis also provides a basic insight into the current modern concept of these didactic means. Furthermore, this area is analysed here from the point of view of experimental verification of the in teaching. This research shows how big or small the level of importance this resource has throughout the educational process and what other results there were achieved after an intensive spooling of teaching aids to lessons of accountancy. A detailed analysis pointing out all the changes and the tendencies that reign in the course of the implementation of the experiment and also after its termination. In conclusion, there is also advice and recommendations, compiled on the basis of the evaluation results that have been achieved in the framework of the pedagogical experiment.