Cette thèse a pour objectif l’étude de la relation entre l’expertise dans les jeux vidéo et les aspects motivationnels et émotionnels de l’expérience-utilisateur dans le contexte d’utilisation des Serious Games. L’objet de cette recherche s’articule autour de deux axes : un 1er axe concernant la construction et la validation d’un questionnaire d’intérêt pour les Serious Games et d’un test évaluatif du niveau d’expertise dans les jeux vidéo, et un 2ème axe concernant l’étude de la relation entre l’expertise dans les jeux vidéo et l’expérience-utilisateur dans les Serious Games, ou « jeux utiles ». Nous proposons une mesure de l’expertise dans les jeux vidéo à partir des connaissances lexicales, imagées et sémantiques. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une mesure de l’intérêt pour les Serious Games. Le développement de ces instruments de mesure a abouti successivement à la validation d’une échelle d’intérêt pour les Serious Games - l’IS2G - et d’un test d’expertise dans les jeux vidéo –le TECEJV-. Enfin nous proposons d’étudier la relation entre l’expertise dans les jeux vidéo, et les aspects motivationnels dans l’expérience-utilisateur. Ce travail nous a conduit à démontrer qu’il existe un effet de l’expertise et du type de Serious Game sur les aspects motivationnels et émotionnels de l’expérience-utilisateur dans le contexte d’utilisation des Serious Games. En effet, l’expertise et le Gameplay du Serious Game agissent de façon significative sur l’intérêt situationnel maintenu et le Flow. Ce nouvel éclairage s’est donc construit à la lumière d’un contexte d’apprentissage via les Serious Games en plein essor. / This thesis aims to study the relation between the expertise in video games and the motivational and emotional aspects of the user experience in the context of using Serious Games. This research is articulated around two axes: a first axis concerning the construction and validation of an interest for Serious Game scale and an evaluative test of expertise in video games, and a second axis concerning the study of the relation between expertise in video games and user experience in Serious Games, or “useful games”. We propose a measure of expertise in video games based on the lexical, pictorial and semantic knowledge acquired in this practice, based on theories on expert memory, the theory of working memory and the theory of encyclopaedic memory. Otherwise, we propose a measure of interest for Serious Games. The development of theses scales resulted successively in validation of an interest scale in Serious Games – the IS2G scale- and an expertise in video games test –the TECEJV. Finally we propose to study the relationship between expertise in video games, and motivational aspects in the user experience. This work led us to demonstrate that there is an effect of Serious Game's expertise and type on the motivational and emotional aspects of the user experience in the context of using Serious Games. Indeed, the Serious Game's expertise and Gameplay significantly affect the situational interest maintained and the Flow. This new light has thus been built in the light of a context of learning via the Serious Games in full swing.

La publication scientifique dans les revues spécialisées et les actes de conférences permet de communiquer les progrès en sciences. Les comités de rédaction et de programme sous-jacents représentent la clé de voûte du processus d'évaluation. Avec le développement des revues et le nombre croissant de conférences scientifiques organisées chaque année, rechercher des experts pour participer à ces comités est une activité chronophage mais critique. Cette thèse se focalise sur la tâche de suggestion de membres de comité de programme (CP) pour des conférences scientifiques. Elle comporte trois volets. Premièrement, nous proposons une modélisation basée sur un graphe hétérogène pondéré de l'expertise scientifique multifacette des chercheurs. Deuxièmement, nous définissons des indicateurs scientométriques pour quantifier les critères impliqués dans la constitution de CP. Troisièmement, nous concevons une approche de suggestion de membres de CP pour une conférence donnée, en combinant les résultats des indicateurs scientométriques susmentionnés. Notre approche est expérimentée pour une des conférences de premier plan de notre communauté de recherche : SIGIR, en considérant ses éditions de 1971 à 2015, ainsi que les conférences proches thématiquement. / Academic publishing in specialized journals and conference proceedings is the main way to communicate progress in science. The underlying editorial and program committees represent the cornerstone of the evaluation process. With the development of journals and the increasing number of scientific conferences held annually, searching for experts who would serve in these committees is a time-consuming and yet critical activity. This PhD thesis focuses on the task of suggesting program committee (PC) members for scientific conferences. It is organized into three parts. First, we propose a modelling of the multifaceted scientific expertise of researchers based on a weighted heterogeneous graph. Second, we define scientometric indicators to quantify the criteria involved in the composition of CPs. Third, we design a CP member suggestion approach for a given conference, combining the results of the aforementioned scientometric indicators. Our approach is experimented in the context of leading conferences of our research community: SIGIR, considering its editions from 1971 to 2015, and topically close conferences.

My thesis treats about the scientific and technical knowledge used by the judge system and the federal public ministry in the Belo Monte case. It tries to explain how science proves are translated by the judge system and the federal public ministry, and also how they verify which are the principal experts mentioned. In this thesis I also define the arguments and actors that where legitimize in the Belo Monte case. It talks about how science merges with the judge system and how is treated and interpreted by people, that don t have the specific knowledge in science and technology in this field. It stars from this question: How judges discern from choosing between the technical documents produced by the people who claim, and the defendant documents, when this two are contradictory? Is there a way for this? After, all fifteen initial cases are specifically analyzed to verify which arguments and professionals are more relevant and repeated. Then, two sentences are analyzed to conclude which expertise did the judge system legitimated or not. This work is based on a ground study made by the author in Belem and Campinas, where I had access to some lawsuits of the case. I also interviewed key interlocutors that helped the federal public ministry with scientific studies. For making this,I Will use the Latour s concept of translation, the Harry Collins and Evans expertise concept, and also studies of Sheila Jasanoff about science in the United States courts. Speech analyze will also be addressed as a method of interview interpretation. / Esta dissertação trata da utilização dos conhecimentos técnico e científico pelo judiciário. Busca compreender como a ciência é traduzida nos processos jurídicos e verificar quais os principais experts mencionados, tanto pelo Ministério Público Federal do Pará, quanto pelo Judiciário, definindo, assim, quem são as pessoas e os argumentos que foram legitimados no caso judicial decorrente da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Assim, cuida-se da questão de como a ciência adentra o meio jurídico, e de como é tratada e interpretada por pessoas que não têm conhecimento especializado em ciência e tecnologia. Parte-se das perguntas: como fazem os magistrados para eleger entre os documentos técnicos produzidos por autor e réu quando esses são contraditórios? Existem critérios para nortear tais casos? Posteriormente, analisam-se especificamente as iniciais dos quinze processos ajuizados, a fim de verificar quais os argumentos e profissionais são mais referidos e recorrentes. Depois, analisam-se duas sentenças já proferidas no caso, objetivando verificar quais expertises o Judiciário legitimou ou deslegitimou. O trabalho baseia-se em uma pesquisa de campo feita pela autora em Belém do Pará e Campinas, onde teve acesso aos autos de alguns processos do caso e entrevistou os interlocutores-chave, ou seja, as pessoas que com seus trabalhos científicos deram ferramentas ao Ministério Público Federal do Pará para o ajuizamento de quinze Ações Civis Públicas. Para isso, será utilizado o conceito de tradução de Latour, de expertise de Harry Collins e Evans, bem como os estudos de Sheila Jasanoff sobre a ciência nos tribunais norte-americanos. Será utilizada a análise de discurso como método de interpretação das entrevistas concedidas.

Cette recherche analyse trois projets de recherche dans lesquels des technologies sont portées sur le corps et productrices d'informations sur celui-ci. Au carrefour de la sociologie du corps et des techniques, nous interrogeons des formes de couplage qui ne sont jamais données a priori mais sont en constantes négociations. La situation d'expérimentation se révèle en tant qu'épreuve pour le corps comme pour la technique. L'un et l'autre transportent un véritable réseau socio-technique d'objets, de lieux, d'expériences, de personnes, de routines et d'expertises ; leur confrontation fait émerger des définitions multiples du corps et de la technique. Nous montrons comment l'expertise corporelle, cette intime connaissance de son propre corps et de celui des autres, cette profonde expérience de l'interaction et de la médiation, resurgit dans l'action comme autant de résistances. L'expertise corporelle arbitre ces définitions parfois concurrentes. Nous analysons alors ces épreuves et la façon dont elles questionnent le corps et le processus de conception technologique. / This work focuses on three research projects in which technologies are worn on the body and produce information about it. At the crossroads of sociology of the body and sociology of technology, we investigate forms of coupling that are never taken for granted but constantly evolving. The experimental situation is like a trial for the body and for technology. They both carry a socio-technical network of objects, places, experiences, people, routines and expertise; their confrontation reveals multiple definitions of the body and of technology. We show how bodily expertise – an intimate knowledge of one's own body and that of others, a profound experience of interaction and mediation – reappears as a resistance within action. Bodily expertise arbitrates these sometimes contradictory definitions. Therefore, we analyse these trials and how they question the body and the technological design process.

L'innovation constitue un facteur de croissance particulièrement critique dans le secteur des hautes technologies. Or, le taux de lancements aboutissant à des échecs commerciaux y est bien plus élevé dans ce secteur que dans d'autres industries. Ce constat a incité des chercheurs à s'intéresser de plus près aux spécificités des innovations technologiques par rapport aux autres innovations.En particulier, Hoeffler (2003) constate que les innovations technologiques se distinguent par le fait qu'elles suscitent deux formes spécifiques d'incertitude : la première est liée à la difficulté de compréhension des nouveaux bénéfices, et la seconde aux coûts d'apprentissage du produit. Castano et alii (2008) montrent que ces deux formes d'incertitude sont plus ou moins saillantes dans les pensées du consommateur, selon l'échéance à laquelle il envisage l'achat d'un produit technologique, appelée « distance temporelle ». La robustesse de ces résultats a été confirmée lors d'une étude préliminaire. Par ailleurs, nous avons eu recours à deux techniques de simulation mentale anticipative pour réduire la double incertitude du consommateur ressentie à l'égard d'innovations semi-continues et discontinues. Nos résultats indiquent que lorsque l'achat est envisagé dans un délai proche, la simulation « orientée vers le processus » réduit l'incertitude liée aux coûts d'apprentissage et l'anxiété du consommateur, et augmente l'intention d'achat et d'utilisation du produit. A plus long terme, c'est la simulation « orientée vers le résultat » qui favorise l'intention d'achat et d'utilisation, en réduisant l'incertitude envers les bénéfices et en augmentant l'optimisme du consommateur. Les mécanismes par lesquels l'interaction entre la distance temporelle et la simulation mentale agit sur les réactions et comportements du consommateur ont été mis au jour dans cette thèse. De plus, nous avons démontré que les effets bénéfiques de cette interaction se produisaient pour les consommateurs experts, mais qu'ils ne se produisaient pas pour les consommateurs non experts. Cette recherche pose donc une limite à l'utilisation de cette interaction comme technique marketing pour favoriser l'adoption d'innovations technologiques. Cinq études ont été réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse, dont deux en collaboration avec IDEAs Laboratory, une entreprise grenobloise opérant dans le secteur des hautes technologies. / Although innovation is a critical growth factor in the high technology sector, the rate of introductions leading to commercial failure is much higher in this sector than in other industries. This prompted researchers to pay closer attention to the characteristics differentiating technological innovations from innovations in other fields. As part of this recent and fruitful research current, Hoeffler (2003) finds that technological innovations are distinguished by the fact that they raise two specific forms of uncertainty. The first relates to the difficulty of understanding the new benefits; the second, to the fact that these innovations require consumer learning. According to Castano et alii (2008), these two forms of uncertainty are more or less prominent in the minds of consumers according to the time frame during which the individual is considering purchasing a technology product – this time frame is referred to as “temporal distance” in the literature. The robustness of these results was confirmed in a preliminary study. Moreover, we employed two anticipatory mental simulation techniques to reduce the consumer's double uncertainty when considering the purchase of semi-continuous and discontinuous innovations. Our results show that when the purchase is planned within the near future, the “process-oriented” simulation reduces learning cost uncertainty and anxiety, and increases intent to use and intent to purchase. Over the long term, “result-oriented simulation” decreases uncertainty about benefits and raises optimism, intent to use and intent to purchase. This research identifies the mechanisms through which the interaction between temporal distance and mental simulation act on consumer's behavior. Moreover, we have shown that the beneficial effects stemming from this interaction are only true for the expert consumers and not for those who are not. Therefore, this research raises a limit to the use of this interaction to promote the adoption of technological innovations. Five studies were conducted, including two that were made in collaboration with IDEAs Laboratory, a company from Grenoble operating in the sector of high technology.

Les transformateurs de puissance sont des éléments clés des systèmes électriques. Leurs défaillances sont très coûteuses, principalement à cause de la non-disponibilité du service électrique qu'elles entraînent. L'évaluation rapide et précise de défauts internes des transformateurs est en conséquence un facteur clé d'une exploitation efficace et sûre. Un tel diagnostic est généralement établi par un expert humain qui fait corréler différents types d'informations telles que des résultats d'essais électriques ou chimiques, le déclenchement de protections ou l'historique de l'appareil… Cette thèse présente une méthode d'aide au diagnostic de défauts originale qui reprend, en les formalisant, la démarche et la capitalisation d'expérience de l'expert. Les informations disponibles sur le transformateur à étudier sont mises en correspondance avec le système proposé de manière systématique. Des hypothèses de défaut sont alors formulées et un degré de confiance calculé pour chacune d'elle. Pour améliorer la confiance en certaines de ces hypothèses la méthode recherche, et propose, de renseigner des informations utiles pouvant améliorer le diagnostic. Il progresse ainsi jusqu'à ce que la confiance d'au moins une hypothèse soit suffisante pour l'utilisateur. Le système peut de plus évoluer efficacement dans le temps en prenant facilement en compte de nouveaux types d'essais ou de nouvelles informations pouvant être discriminants dans un diagnostic, et ainsi améliorer les diagnostics futurs automatiquement. / Power transformers are keys components to the electrical systems. Its failures are very expensive mostly by causing long electrical service unavailability. Quick and accurate assess of transformer's internal faults is consequently a key issue for an efficient and safe service life. Such diagnosis is mainly led by a human expert, due to his ability to link together many different kind of information as electrical or chemical tests, tripped protections or history of the apparatus… This thesis presents an original method of diagnosis aid that behaves somehow like an expert, and capitalizes his experience, by formalizing it. The available information on a particular transformer are used to search any similarities within the developed system, on a systematic base. Then faults hypothesis are proposed and according confidences are calculated. To improve those hypothesis' confidences the method will propose to inform new useful information that could improve the diagnosis. Then it continues up until at least one hypothesis confidence is high enough for the user. This system could easily evolve over time by taking into account new kind of tests or new information that could be significant in any diagnosis, and then improve future diagnosis automatically.

La connaissance, et plus particulièrement, la gestion des connaissances est un enjeu stratégique qui peut fournir un avantage concurrentiel non négligeable dans une économie compétitive et dynamique. Cependant, ce domaine possède un caractère interdisciplinaire indéniable. En effet, il est traité par de multiples disciplines telles que les sciences de l’information, l’informatique, la psychologie, l’économie ou les sciences de l’ingénierie.Les travaux de recherche présentés dans ce manuscrit ont eu lieu dans un contexte CIFRE (Conventions Industrielles de Formation par la REcherche). Le sujet initial est né de la collaboration entre l’équipe « Conception Collaborative » du laboratoire G-SCOP (laboratoire Grenoblois dédié aux Sciences de la Conception, de l'Optimisation et de la Production) et de la société BASSETTI, éditeur et intégrateur de la solution logiciel TEEXMA®.Dans le cadre des travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit, notre objectif a été d'étudier comment modéliser les processus de transfert de connaissance afin de mieux comprendre la façon dont ces derniers se mettent en place au sein des organisations. L’outil de modélisation proposé dans cette thèse repose en partie sur la réutilisation de modèles existants trouvés dans la littérature et sur une méthodologie d'observation des participants.Les recherches effectuées se sont déroulées en suivant une méthodologie de type recherche intervention. Afin de répondre à ce sujet, nous avons donc pu tester notre outil de modélisation à travers plusieurs études de cas terrain. Ces études ont permis de valider la première partie de nos hypothèses. Après cette phase de validation, nous avons cherché à évaluer l’appropriation de l’utilisation de notre outil de modélisation à la suite de formations. En parallèle, nous avons inclus notre outil de modélisation dans une démarche plus globale afin de diagnostiquer des situations de transfert de connaissance. Cette démarche globale a ensuite été appliquée à deux études de cas. Enfin nous avons dérivé l’usage de la démarche précédente. Cette fois ci, l’outil de modélisation est utilisé pour analyser les usages liés à des outils informatiques. / Knowledge, and more precisely, knowledge management, is a strategic issue that can provide a significant competitive advantage in a competitive and dynamic economy. However, this field has an undeniable interdisciplinary character. Indeed, it is treated by multiple research areas such as information science, computer science, psychology, economics or engineering sciences.The research presented in this thesis occurred in a CIFRE context (French Industrial Conventions). The initial research topic was born from the collaboration between the "Collaborative Design" team of the G-SCOP laboratory (Grenoble laboratory dedicated to the Sciences of Design, Optimization and Production) and the company BASSETTI, editor and integrator of the TEEXMA® software solution.As part of the work presented in this manuscript, our goal has been to study how to model knowledge transfer processes for a better understanding of how these processes are implemented within organizations. The modelling tool proposed in this thesis relies in part on the reuse of existing models found in the literature and on a participant observation methodology.The research carried out was conducted following an intervention research methodology. To answer this question, we were able to test our modelling tool through several case studies. These studies allowed to validate the first part of our hypotheses. After this validation phase, we sought to evaluate the appropriation of the use of our modelling tool after knowledge management trainings. In parallel, we have included our modelling tool in a more global approach to diagnose situations of knowledge transfer. This global approach was then applied to two case studies. Finally, we reused the previous approach. This time, the modelling tool was used to analyse uses related to computer tools.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-04T13:04:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Lednara_Castro_Mestrado_2015.pdf: 1068885 bytes, checksum: a9e9d3a2634412ca8dc2aa5ecf571f0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T13:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Lednara_Castro_Mestrado_2015.pdf: 1068885 bytes, checksum: a9e9d3a2634412ca8dc2aa5ecf571f0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / CNPQ / A Economia Criativa apresenta uma crescente importância nos estudos do campo dos Estudos Organizacionais e da Economia, com reflexos no enfoque organizacional; as organizações que formam a Indústria Cultural se encontram em um contexto de mudanças frequentes, em que a geração e a gestão de ideias são ferramentas essenciais para se dinamizar a criatividade na sua condição de chave mestra do processo de inovação no mercado. O debate sobre a produção cultural emerge num espaço marcado pela relevância do seu potencial quanto à criação de sistemas produtivos que contribuem para o desenvolvimento dos chamados bens simbólicos. Este estudo tem como foco o empreendedor cultural e o entende como o produtor que é concebido sob o prisma de um agente coletivo que interage de forma intensa com suas comunidades, planejando, elaborando e executando produtos culturais, seguindo critérios artísticos, sociais, políticos e econômicos. Para procurar compreender melhor este cenário buscou-se descrever o modo como a expertise é potencializada em meio à ação empreendedora de dirigentes de empresas da indústria cinematográfica domiciliados na cidade do Recife. No modelo utilizado a expertise é formada por dimensões, que nos permitem perceber a importância de cada uma na sua formação como ferramenta de gestão abordando categorias como: o aprendizado reflexivo, que engloba as categorias inerentes ao desenvolvimento de competências, ao intercâmbio de conhecimento e a inversão; e comunicação como tecnologia, que inclui a transformação da linguagem e inovação. A perspectiva do empreendedorismo cultural contribui de modo considerável com uma análise específica com respeito à expertise do produtor na indústria cinematográfica pernambucana. Esse desenvolvimento de competências no mercado cinematográfico e a ampliação na quantidade e na qualidade das produções vem solidificando o setor e, consequentemente, proporcionando a formalização de muitas empresas que há pouco tempo existiam. Em meio a este contexto, encontramos um empreendedor polifônico, que mesmo tendo visões e experiências diferentes na ação de empreender utilizando sua expertise, comungam entre si um alto grau de comprometimento com todas as fases da produção de sua obra e que tenta, com cada produto colocado no mercado, se legitimar como um produtor de produtos com consumo simbólico. / The Creative Economy has a growing importance in the field of studies of Organizational Studies and Economics, reflected in organizational approach; organizations that make up the cultural industry are in a context of frequent changes in the generation and management of ideas are essential tools to foster creativity in your master key condition of the innovation process in the market. The debate on cultural production emerges in a space marked by the relevance of their potential to create production systems that contribute to the development of so-called symbolic goods. This study focuses on the cultural entrepreneur and understands how the producer that is designed from the perspective of a collective agent that interacts intensively with their communities, planning, developing and running cultural products, following artistic, social, political and economic criteria . To search for a better understanding of this scenario we attempted to describe how the expertise is enhanced through the entrepreneurial action of company directors in the film industry domiciled in the city of Recife. In the model used the expertise is made up of dimensions that allow us to realize the importance of each in their training as a management tool covering categories such as reflective learning, which includes the categories inherent in the development of skills, the exchange of knowledge and inversion; and communication technology and which includes the processing of language and innovation. The perspective of cultural entrepreneurship contributes considerably to a specific analysis with respect to the producer's expertise in Pernambuco film industry. This development of skills in the film market and expansion in the quantity and quality of production has been strengthening the sector and thus providing the formalization of many companies that recently existed. Amid this context, we find a polyphonic entrepreneur who despite having different views and experiences on the action undertaken using their expertise, they share among themselves a high degree of commitment to all stages of production of his work and trying, with each product placed on the market to legitimate products as a producer with symbolic consumption.

RAMOS, Danilo. Fatores emocionais durante uma escuta musical afetam a percepção temporal de músicos e não músicos? 2008, 268 p. Tese (Doutorado). Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto. Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2008. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar o papel das emoções desencadeadas pela música na percepção temporal de músicos e não músicos. Quatro experimentos foram realizados: no Experimento I, músicos e não músicos realizaram tarefas de associações emocionais a trechos musicais de 36 segundos de duração, pertencentes ao repertório erudito ocidental. A tarefa consistia em escutar cada trecho musical e associá-lo às categorias emocionais Alegria, Serenidade, Tristeza, Medo ou Raiva. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos trechos musicais desencadeou uma única emoção específica nos ouvintes; além disso, as associações emocionais dos músicos foram semelhantes às associações emocionais dos não músicos para a maioria dos trechos musicais apresentados. No Experimento II, músicos e não músicos realizaram tarefas de associação temporal aos trechos musicais mais representativos de cada emoção, utilizados no Experimento I. Assim, os trechos musicais eram apresentados e os participantes deveriam associar cada um deles a durações de 16, 18, 20, 22 ou 24 segundos. Os resultados mostraram que, para o grupo Músicos, os três trechos musicais associados à Tristeza foram subestimados em relação às suas durações reais; nenhuma outra categoria emocional apresentou mais do que um trecho musical sendo subestimado ou superestimado em relação a suas durações reais, para ambos os grupos. Pesquisas recentes em Psicologia da Música têm mostrado duas propriedades estruturais como sendo moduladoras da percepção de emoções específicas durante uma escuta musical: o modo (organização das notas dentro de uma escala musical) e o andamento (número de batidas por minuto). Assim, no Experimento III, músicos e não músicos realizaram tarefas de associações emocionais a composições musicais construídas em sete modos (Jônio, Dórico, Frígio, Lídio, Mixolídio, Eólio e Lócrio) e três andamentos (adágio, moderato e presto). O procedimento foi o mesmo utilizado no Experimento I. Os resultados mostraram que o modo musical modulou a valência afetiva desencadeada pelos trechos musicais: trechos musicais apresentados em modos maiores obtiveram índices positivos de valência afetiva e trechos musicais apresentados em modos menores obtiveram índices negativos de valência afetiva; além disso, o andamento musical modulou o arousal desencadeado pelos trechos musicais: quanto mais rápido o andamento do trecho musical, maiores os níveis de arousal desencadeados e vice-versa. No Experimento IV, músicos e não músicos realizaram tarefas de associação temporal aos trechos musicais modais utilizados no Experimento III. O procedimento foi o mesmo utilizado no Experimento II. Os resultados mostraram que manipulações, principalmente no arousal, afetaram a percepção temporal dos ouvintes: para ambos os grupos, foram encontradas subestimações temporais para trechos musicais desencadeadores de baixos índices de arousal; além disso, para o grupo Não Músicos, foram encontradas superestimações temporais para trechos musicais desencadeadores de altos índices de arousal. Estes resultados mostraram que, no caso dos músicos, a percepção temporal foi afetada por atmosferas emocionais relacionadas à Tristeza; no caso dos Não Músicos, a percepção temporal foi afetada por fatores relacionados ao nível do arousal dos eventos musicais apreciados. / RAMOS, Danilo. Do emotional factors during music listening tasks affect time perception of musicians and nonmusicians? 2008, 268 pages. Thesis (PhD). Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto. University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2008. This study aimed to verify the role of emotions triggered by music on time perception of musicians and nonmusicians. Four experiments were conducted: In Experiment I, musicians and nonmusicians performed emotional association tasks for musical excerpts of 36 seconds duration belonging to the Western classic repertoire. The tasks required to listen to each musical excerpt and to associate it with emotional categories: Joy, Serenity, Sadness, or Fear/Anger. The results showed that most musical excerpts triggered a specific single emotion in listeners; moreover, the emotional associations of musicians were similar to the emotional associations of nonmusicians for most musical excerpts presented. In Experiment II, musicians and nonmusicians performed temporal association tasks for the three most representative excerpts of each emotion used in Experiment I. Thus, the participants had to associate each of such musical excerpts with the following durations: 16, 18, 20, 22 or 24 seconds. The results showed that for the musicians, the three musical excerpts associated with Sadness were underestimated in relation to their real time; moreover, no other emotional category was associated with more than one musical excerpt whether being underestimated or overestimated, regarding their real time, for both groups. Recent researches in Psychology of Music have shown two structural properties as the modulators of specific emotions perceived during a music listening task: the mode (the organization of the notes in a musical scale) and tempo (the number of beats per minute). Thus, in Experiment III, musicians and nonmusicians carried out emotional association tasks with musical compositions constructed in seven modes (Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, and Locrian) and three tempi (adagio, moderato, and presto). The procedure was the same used in Experiment I. The results showed that the musical mode modulated the affective valence triggered by the excerpts: musical excerpts based on major modes obtained positive affective valence indexes and musical excerpts based on minor modes obtained negative affective valence indexes; moreover, the musical tempo modulated the arousal triggered by the excerpts: the faster the tempo of the musical excerpts, the higher the arousal levels and vice versa, for both groups. In Experiment IV, musicians and nonmusicians performed temporal association tasks for those modal musical excerpts used in Experiment III. The procedure was the same used in Experiment II. The results showed that manipulations concerning arousal affected the time perception of the listeners: time underestimations due to low arousal excerpts were found for both groups; moreover, time underestimations due to high arousal excerpts were found only for nonmusicians. These results showed that in the case of musicians, time perception was affected by emotional atmospheres related to Sadness; in the case of nonmusicians, time perception was affected by factors related to the level of arousal of music events appreciated.

O presente trabalho visa a uma discussão crítica acerca das relações entre filosofia e mídia. Para tanto, valemo-nos das teorizações foucaultianas acerca da problemática da governamentalidade, por meio de um procedimento analítico inspirado na obra Arqueologia do saber. Partiu-se de um primeiro mapeamento de enunciados de diferentes naturezas que se dedicaram a debater desdobramentos da popularização da filosofia e a difundir produções culturais alegadamente filosóficas. Em seguida, tendo uma revista brasileira de jornalismo cultural CULT Revista Brasileira de Cultura como plataforma empírica de investigação, mapearam-se todos os artigos e entrevistas realizados por e com filósofos ou com alguma formação em filosofia num período de quase 17 anos, de 1997, ano de fundação da revista, até 2013, totalizando 186 fascículos. A análise debruçou-se sobre os diversos modos de abordagem temática, teórica e metodológica presentes nos artigos da referida revista, optando por categorizar os escritos segundo suas estratégias discursivas proeminentes. Inventariamos profissões dos autores, correlações narrativas, temas gerais, teorizações, os objetos privilegiados e conceitos-chave. Deste modo, procuramos problematizar determinados jogos de governo de si e dos outros, articulados pela assiduidade, adensamento e desaparecimento de certos tipos de estratégias, auscultando também o que seria o papel relegado ao filósofo como pensador e/ou intelectual público ante seu presente em suma, a função pública do filósofo na mídia. Nossa hipótese de trabalho apostou numa possível conversão da prática filosófica em uma expertise da conduta humana, por meio de sua aliança com práticas de cunho estético e psicopedagógico, findando por participar de tal modo no rol das estratégias contemporâneas de governo de si e dos outros. / This paper aims at a critical discussion on the relations between philosophy and the media. For this purpose, we make use of Foucault\'s theories about the problematics of governmentality through an analytical procedure inspired by the Archaeology of knowledge. We started from an initial mapping of different kinds of statements who were dedicated to discussing about the unfoldings of the popularization of philosophy, and to spreading allegedly philosophical cultural productions. Having a Brazilian magazine of cultural journalism CULT Revista Brasileira de Cultura as our empirical research platform, we have mapped all articles and interviews by and with philosophers or by authors with some philosophical background within a period of almost 17 years, from 1997, the magazine\'s founding year, until 2013, totaling 186 issues. The analysis has scrutinized the diverse modes of thematical, theoretical and methodological approaches within the magazine articles, by opting to categorize them according to their prominent discursive strategies. We inventoried authors\' institutional affiliations, the styles of the narratives, the general themes, the theories, the privileged objects and key concepts. Therefore, we have tried to problematize certain games of government of the self and others, articulated by attendance, density and disappearance of certain types of strategies, also observing what role would be relegated to the philosopher as a thinker and/or a public intellectual at his present in short, the philosophers public role on the media. Our working hypothesis bets on a possible conversion of the philosophical practice into an expertise of the human conduct, by its alliance with aesthetic and psychopedagogical practices, participating in such a way in the list of contemporary strategies of government of the self and others