Vi befinner oss just nu i mitten av 2023 som är en ekonomiskt orolig period på grund av kriget i Ukraina, corona-pandemi, energikris och inflation. Banker kan betraktas som en livsnödvändig samhällsinstitution som under denna period kan minska oron i samhället och samtidigt bygga ett starkt varumärke med hjälp av sin visuella externa kommunikation. Visuell kommunikation kan snabbt och tydligt överföra information, har en känslomässig påverkan och skapar en attraktiv och engagerande kommunikation. Problemet är att det saknas forskning som ser på bankers externa kommunikation under oroliga perioder ur ett visuellt perspektiv. Därför ämnar denna studie att fylla den forskningsluckan. Studien bidrar även med forskning som ser på bankers kommunikation ur ett nutida perspektiv i det sammanhang som aktuella samhällskriser orsakat vilket också är en forskningslucka att fylla. Studien utförs som ett kvalitativt kreativt projekt med Sparbanken som fallstudie där det undersöks hur de kan kommunicera med sina kunder och allmänheten gällande bolån under rådande inflation. I projektets designprocess skapas exempel på kampanjidéer som personer som påverkas av den höjda bolåneräntan värderar i enskilda intervjuer. Deras synpunkter tillsammans med teorier inom varumärke och visuell extern kommunikation, och tidigare forskning om bankers externa kommunikation,  ligger till grund för resultatet och en färdigställd kampanj. Resultatet visar att trygghet och pålitlighet bör genomsyra kommunikationen, vilket stöds av tidigare forskning. Men studien visar också att en symbolisk och djupare betydelse som skapar en emotionell koppling mellan mottagaren och avsändaren är betydelsefull. Studien påvisar också att visuella element som skapar igenkänning, enkelhet, tydlighet och optimism hos mottagaren ska användas i den visuella externa kommunikationen. Resultaten är användbara för banker att ta del av för att tillsammans minska oron i samhället med hjälp av visuell extern kommunikation. Både nu och under eventuella ekonomiskt oroliga perioder framöver. / We are currently in the middle of 2023 which is an economically troubled period due to the war in Ukraine, the corona pandemic, the energy crisis and inflation. Banks can be considered a vital social institution which, during this period, can reduce the worry in society, and at the same time build a strong brand with the help of visual external communication. Visual communication can quickly and clearly convey information, has an emotional impact and creates attractive and engaging communication. The problem is that there is a lack of research that looks at banks' external communication during troubled periods from a visual perspective. Therefore, this study aims to fill that research gap. The study also contributes with research that looks at banks' communication from a contemporary perspective in the context caused by current social crises, which is also a research gap to fill. The study is a qualitative creative project with Sparbanken as a case study where it is examined how they should communicate with their customers and the public regarding mortgages during prevailing inflation. In the project's design process, examples of campaign ideas are created that people who are affected by the increased mortgage interest evaluate in individual interviews Their opinions, together with theories in branding and visual external communication and previous research on banks' external communication, form the basis of the result and a completed campaign. The result shows that security and reliability should pervade communication, which is supported by previous research. But the study also shows that a symbolic and deeper meaning that creates an emotional connection between the recipient and the sender is significant. The study also demonstrates that visual elements that create recognition, simplicity, clarity and optimism should be used in visual external communication. The results are useful for banks to take part of in order to jointly reduce the worry in society with the help of visual external communication. Both now, and during any financially troubled periods ahead.

The aim and purpose of this essay is to study if three museums are using Facebook strategically to promote two-way communication with their target audiences in their external communication. A qual-itative and comparative research method and has been used and communication managers from each of the three museums have been interviewed. These interviews have been transcribed and coded in order to reveal opinions and views on how that particular museum feels about social media and the use of these tools in their external communication. A number of Facebook statuses have also been collect-ed in order to discover how each of the museums is using social media in order to reach and engage their target groups. Should the results of this essay be summarized it would show that the museums are using the communication channel that they feel suits the needs of reaching a specific audience. These channels can be a variety of newspaper ads, television or radio commercials. This kind of one-way communication does not give the audience any chance of direct feedback or the possibility to voice opinion about the message that has been sent. The social media networking sites such as Facebook have filled this gap; this is also the main argument as to why these museums are using Facebook to reach promote two-way communications with their target audiences. Because of this Facebook has earned a central place in the practice of external communication for these museums. Those responsi-ble for the internal and external communication agree that the tools used to communicate with their audiences, whether it is social media or otherwise, no tool should be considered to be “better” than the other. The tools should instead be used to complement each other, and the need of the organization should dictate the choice of communication tool not the other way around.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Swedish Public Relations and Communication profession from the Stockholm Accords point of view. The Stockholm Accords are an attempt to reflect Public Relations and Communication Management practice as it stands today and to provide a global common ground for the practitioners. The method used for this study is a quantitative research method conducted by a web survey answered by more than 400 Swedish communication managers. The questions posed were examining these managers view of their profession compared to the Stockholm Accords. The research shows that the Swedish way of implementing communication in the organization broadly corresponds to the Stockholm Accords when it comes to internal and external communication. However, there are some areas where Swedish communication practice diverges from Stockholm Accords. The issues which link governance, management and sustainability to communication have a much wider distribution of responses. A noticeable trend is that people who work in private organizations consistently responds with higher rankings than those who work in public organizations.

År 2019 var början av den pandemi som drabbade svenska restauranger och nattklubbar i hög grad på grund av de restriktioner som infördes i landet. Denna uppsats har ämnat undersöka hur krishanteringen inom dessa branscher i Uppsala har påverkats som följd av Covid-19. Empirisk data samlades in genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex ledare för olika verksamheter inom de studerade branscherna. Resultaten visade att verksamheterna har blivit mer riskaverta och placerat större fokus på kostnadsminimeringar, att kommunikationen med externa parter har förändrats, samt att innovativa tillvägagångssätt för att hantera coronakrisen har inneburit märkbara förändringar inom verksamheterna. Ytterligare fynd var att ledarna övergick till ett ledarskap där relationer värderades i högre grad, samt att motiven hos ledarna har en inverkande faktor för krishanteringens utformning och inriktning, vilket dels grundades i identitetsskapande och dels deras etiska förhållningssätt. Verksamheterna har således erhållit lärdomar som följd av Covid-19 som har påverkat deras krishantering inför framtiden. / The year 2019 marked the beginning of the pandemic which came to have devastating effects on Swedish restaurants and nightclubs following restrictions implemented within the country. This essay has examined how crisis management within these businesses in Uppsala has been affected as a result of Covid-19. Empirical data were collected through qualitative interviews with six leaders within the studied industries. Results indicated that the organizations have become more risk averse and put greater focus on cost minimizations, a change in communication with external parties, and that innovative approaches to the corona crisis resulted in significant organizational changes. An additional discovery indicated a change in leadership style which prioritized relationships. The leaders’ motives were also shown to influence the design and direction of the crisis management, and rooted in identity formation as well as ethical philosophy. The organizations have thus gained insights following Covid-19 which will affect their future crisis management.