Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Relações Internacionais, 2009. / Submitted by Allan Wanick Motta (allan_wanick@hotmail.com) on 2010-03-05T18:03:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_CarlosAugustoRollembergdeResende.pdf: 726678 bytes, checksum: a26104f6b6270ff3199172c1ad836763 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Daniel Ribeiro(daniel@bce.unb.br) on 2010-03-06T00:58:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_CarlosAugustoRollembergdeResende.pdf: 726678 bytes, checksum: a26104f6b6270ff3199172c1ad836763 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-03-06T00:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_CarlosAugustoRollembergdeResende.pdf: 726678 bytes, checksum: a26104f6b6270ff3199172c1ad836763 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar a busca por autonomia durante a Política Externa Independente (1961-1964). O problema levantado é o de compreender essa busca por autonomia: em relação a quem, ao quê, com quais objetivos e por meio de quais ações. A tese central é a de que durante a vigência da Política Externa Independente, o Governo brasileiro, tanto na gestão Quadros, quanto na Goulart, concebeu a autonomia como status político, algo como potência ou reconhecimento internacional de um papel para o Brasil na política mundial; bem como a garantia de o máximo possível de opções na política internacional, tendo vista também as necessidades advindas com a crise econômica. A autonomia foi buscada em relação às exigências dos Estados Unidos no contexto da Guerra Fria, que repercutia em imagem do Brasil como país intimamente ligado aos interesses da potência líder do mundo ocidental. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the quest for autonomy during the Independent Foreign Policy period (1961-1964). The question raised is that of understanding this quest: independence from whom, from what, with what goals and through what actions. The central thesis is that during the Independent Foreign Policy period the Brazilian Government, both under the Quadros and the Goulart administrations, conceived of autonomy as political status, something akin to that of a great (middle?) power or to international recognition of Brazil’s role in world politics; and the guarantee of the greatest possible number of options in international politics, bearing in mind the needs brought about by the economic crisis. Autonomy was sought in relation to United States demands in the context of the Cold War, with their repercussion for Brazil’s image as a country closely linked to the interests of the leading power of the Western world.

Submitted by Marcelo Andrade Silva (marcelo.andradesilva@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T14:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ênio Saraiva Leão.pdf: 3530762 bytes, checksum: f8c28e4b6a704c7001a26abaa87fbe7f (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T14:30:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ênio Saraiva Leão.pdf: 3530762 bytes, checksum: f8c28e4b6a704c7001a26abaa87fbe7f (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / CAPES / É crescente o estudo sobre a judicialização da política, fenômeno que resulta no deslocamento da discussão de diversos temas da arena política para um tribunal. No entanto, pouco tem sido discutido sobre as consequências dessa prática para os Estados na condução da política externa em um mundo cada vez mais interdependente, onde a política doméstica influencia e é influenciada não apenas pelo contexto político interno, mas também o internacional. Some-se a tal contexto a crescente legalização do sistema internacional com o surgimento de diversos Tribunais e na sobreposição de jurisdições que tendem a serem exploradas de acordo com os interesses de grupos políticos e pode, em razão da tênue linha entre o doméstico e o internacional, resultar em externalidades para o Estado.Simultaneamente, este fenômeno tem sido compreendido por alguns pesquisadores como uma nova forma de participação popular em uma área tradicionalmente dominada pelos poderes Executivo e Legislativo, bem como por seus burocratas. Este trabalho busca descobrir, a partir da análise quantitativa de processos julgados pelo STF e STJ, desde a promulgação da Constituição de 1988, se o Judiciário brasileiro, em razão da sua crescente capacidade de controle dos atos do Executivo, inclusive em matéria de política internacional, pode ser considerado como um novo ator participante do processo de formulação da política externa brasileira e de que forma o mesmo intervém nesta matéria.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-01T22:58:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcksonByanMedeirosAguiar_DISSERT.pdf: 1349642 bytes, checksum: abcdd6ee5d351d22b2d5f401dca5cc4a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-14T23:35:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcksonByanMedeirosAguiar_DISSERT.pdf: 1349642 bytes, checksum: abcdd6ee5d351d22b2d5f401dca5cc4a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T23:35:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcksonByanMedeirosAguiar_DISSERT.pdf: 1349642 bytes, checksum: abcdd6ee5d351d22b2d5f401dca5cc4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / A vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira, tema principal deste trabalho, pode ser analisada em v?rias perspectivas. Nesta pesquisa, observamos a vulnerabilidade externa sob a ?tica de diversos indicadores, mas com ?nfase na Posi??o de Investimento Internacional (PII) durante o per?odo 1995-2016, dando ?nfase principal a influ?ncia dos pre?os dos ativos (taxa ak) sobre a PII. Os resultados encontrados apontam que a taxa Ak influenciou de forma majorit?ria a varia??o da Posi??o de Investimento Internacional, contribuindo para uma redu??o na vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira quando positiva. Contudo, a vulnerabilidade externa n?o deve ser analisada apenas pela ?tica da PII. Por isso, analisamos diversos ?ndices de vulnerabilidade externa, no qual constatamos bons resultados em rela??o ao ?mbito de liquidez externa, refletindo uma melhora na vulnerabilidade externa sobre a quest?o conjuntural. Entretanto, observando os ?ndices de vulnerabilidade externa pelo ?mbito da solv?ncia externa evidenciando resultados ruins, caracterizando uma piora na vulnerabilidade estrutural na economia brasileira. Observamos ainda ?ndices de vulnerabilidade em dois per?odos distintos (1995 ? 2002 e 2003 ? 2006), percebemos no per?odo 1995 ? 2002 que os ?ndices de vulnerabilidade apresentaram resultados ruins tanto na quest?o da solv?ncia como no da liquidez externa. Em rela??o aos ?ndices no per?odo 2003 ? 2006 observamos resultados melhores em rela??o ? liquidez externa. / The external vulnerability of the Brazilian economy, the main theme of this work, can be analyzed in several perspectives. In this research, we observed the external vulnerability from the perspective of several indicators, but with an emphasis on the International Investment Position (IIP) during the period 1995-2016, with emphasis on the influence of asset prices (ak) on the IIP. The results show that the ak rate influenced in a majority way the variation of the International Investment Position, contributing to a reduction in the external vulnerability of the Brazilian economy when positive. However, the external vulnerability should not be analyzed only from the perspective of the IIP. Therefore, we analyzed several indices of external vulnerability, in which we verified good results in relation to the external liquidity scope, reflecting an improvement in the external vulnerability on the conjunctural issue. At the same time, observing the external vulnerability indices by the scope of the external solvency evidencing bad results, characterizing a worsening in the structural vulnerability in the Brazilian economy. We also observed vulnerability indexes in two different periods (1995-2002 and 2003-2006). In the period 1995-2002, vulnerability indexes presented poor results on both solvency and external liquidity issues. In relation to the indices in the 2003-2006 period, we observed better results in relation to external liquidity.

Dagens allt mer globaliserade värld kräver enkla medel som genererar ekonomisk lönsamhet. Den ökade globaliseringen med de nuvarande kommunikationsmöjligheterna främjar verksamheter till att förflytta produktionen till andra destinationer, för att uppnå konkurrensnivå och erhålla billigare driftkostnader. Offshore outsourcing innebär förflyttning av produktion till från intern provision till en extern enhet som är specialiserad inom styrande och utförande av denna aktivitet. Verksamheter som instiftar offshore outsourcing överlämnar icke- och kärnprocesser till externa parter, som utför samma arbete som den interna verksamheten men för en lägre kostnad. I litteraturen framkommer det att offshore outsourcing genererar minskade kostnader, ökad flexibilitet, ett ökat utnyttjande av teknologi samt tillgången till expertis. Offshoring innebär förflyttningar av affärsfunktioner över nationsgränserna vilket gör att de kan erhålla reduceringar av kostnader, strategiska resurser och behåller marknadsandelar gentemot konkurrenterna. De drivkrafter som finns till varför organisationer förflyttar sin produktion är på grund av det transanktionskostnadsekonomiska perspektivet som de flesta verksamheter innehar. Transanktionskostnadsperspektiv är ett synsätt som definierar alla aspekter vid införandet av offshore outsourcing och offshoring Syftet är att undersöka motiv till förflyttande av kärn-och icke kärnprocesser och undersöka de negativa effekter som medföljer en sådan organisationsförändring. Undersökningen ska besvara hur motiven och effekterna för offshore outsourcing skiljer sig från offshoring. I ett frågeformulär som har skapats utifrån litteratur gällande offshore outsourcing och offshoring, har två olika verksamheter intervjuats om deras erfarenheter om respektive koncept. Utifrån intervjuerna har det framkommit att det finns likheter och skillnader gentemot litteraturen. Verksamheterna har dock en gemensam faktor till införande av offshore outsourcing och offshoring vilket är kostnadsmotiv. Beslutet bakom om en organisation ska genomföra offshore outsourcing eller offshoring cirkulerar kring ett flertal aspekter som beror på organisationsstruktur och förhållanden. Denna studie ska hjälpa framtida företag och privatpersoner att få en djupare inblick kring de båda begreppen för att förhoppningsvis påverka deras val vid införande av rationella organisationsförändringar. Studien ska dessutom hjälpa nuvarande och framtida studenter som vill fördjupa sig och få en bredare bild kring ämnet. / Today's increasingly globalized world requires simple means to generate economic profitability. The increasing globalization of the current communication possibilities promotes the move of production and activities to other destinations, to achieve a higher level of competition and obtain cheaper operating costs. Offshore outsourcing involves moving production from the internal commission to an external unit specialized in directing and conducting this activity. Activities instituting offshore outsourcing submit core and non-core processes to external parties, who perform the same work as the internal organization but for a lower cost. In the literature, it appears that offshore outsourcing generates lower costs, increased flexibility, increased use of technology and access to expertise. Offshoring involves the movement of business functions across national borders, which means that they can achieve reductions in costs, strategic resources and retain market share against competitors.                                         The driving forces to why organizations move their production is due to the Transaction Cost Perspective that most companies holds. The Transaction Cost Perspective is an approach that defines all aspects of the introduction of offshore outsourcing and offshoring. The aim is to investigate the reasons for the moving the core and non-core processes and analyzing the harmful effects that come with such an organizational change. The study will answer how the motives and effects of offshore outsourcing differ from the motives and effects of offshoring. In a questionnaire that has been created based on the theory of offshore outsourcing and offshoring two different businesses were interviewed about their experiences of each concept. Based on the interviews, it has emerged that there are similarities and differences from the literature. The operations, however, has a common factor in the adoption of offshore outsourcing and offshoring, which are cost advantages. The decision behind why an organization to implement offshore outsourcing or offshoring circulates around a number of aspects, depending on their organizational structure and relations. This study should help future businesses and individuals to get a deeper insight on the two concepts to hopefully influence their choices at the introduction of rational organizational changes.

No description available.

The eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] is one of the native dominant forest components of northeastern US. At present, these valuable stands face an alarming decline, in part due to the Fiorinia externa, elongate hemlock scale (EHS), (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Diaspididae). The armored shield of F. externa provides an excellent defense against insecticides, natural enemies and adverse conditions. Chemical and classical biocontrol methods have been unable to stop the spread of this pest. Recently, the occurrence of an epizootic within the F. externa population in the Mianus River Gorge Preserve in Bedford, NY revealed a promising opportunity for control of this scale. Entomopathogenic fungi represent a valuable, although under-utilized, group of organisms with unique capabilities for self-sustaining pest management. Given the significant impact of this epizootic on F. externa, we have conducted extensive research on the biology, genetics and biological control potential of this epizootic. We molecularly identified a complex of entomopathogenic, phytopathogenic, and endophytic fungi associated with the epizootic in 36 localities within the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Connecticut and New Jersey. One fungus, Colletotrichum sp., was the most commonly isolated organism in populations of F. externa within areas of the epizootic. The host range of this Colletotrichum species comprised both insects and plants, although diverse life cycles occured in the different hosts. Endophytic growth was observed in 28 species of plants comprising 18 families (52% of the sampling), whereas in F. externa biotrophic and necotrophic growth was detected. Colletotrichum is a widely known phytopathogenic genus and reports of entomopathogenic activity are extremely rare. In order to understand the biological processes involved in the host-pathogen interactions we quantified the pathogenicity and virulence of this Colletotrichum sp. to four insect families and six plants families as well as the occurrence of sexual recombination in this Colletotrichum sp., both in vitro and in planta. We observed that this Colletotrichum sp. displays a propensy to induce rapid disease and mortality in F. externa hosts. Phylogenetic analysis comprising six of the most commonly studied nuclear genes in molecular phylogenetics (D1/D2 domain of the 28 rDNA gene, ITS region, β-Tubulin 2, GPDH gene, GS gene and HMG box at the MAT1-2 mating-type gene) and RAPDs showed this fungus is closely related to phytopathogenic strains of Colletotrichum acutatum and that it may represent a single population lineage of this species (i.e., Colletotrichum acutatum forma specialis fiorinia). Though a large body of information exists regarding the phytopathogenic genus Colletotrichum, ours is only the second reported entomopathogenic strain. It is not clear whether the colonization of an insect by this fungus is truly rare or a common but undetected event. Sexual recombination, observed in planta and in vitro, could be the means by which new genetic variants are generated leading to new biotypes with a selective advantage to colonize new hosts, which in this case is a novel host in a different kingdom.

La otitis constituye un problema muy común representando entre 5 y 20% en la práctica veterinaria diaria. Dentro de las infecciones óticas bacterianas, se ha reportado al Staphylococcus intermedius como el agente causal más importante. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia mensual, estacional y anual de casos de otitis bacteriana en el periodo 2001-2006 en el laboratorio de bacteriología de la FMV-UNMSM. Asimismo, determinar las especies bacterianas involucradas más comunes y la susceptibilidad de estas a los antibióticos. Los resultados de este estudio indican 429 casos, disminuyendo progresivamente desde el 2001 con 183 casos hasta el 2006 con 26 casos. Por otro lado, las infecciones óticas fueron en su mayoría monomicrobianas siendo el Staphylococcus intermedius, con 27,72%, el agente aislado con mayor frecuencia. Sin embargo, hay que tener en cuenta a importantes agentes como la Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sp. y Staphylococcus sp.. En las pruebas de susceptibilidad por el método de Kirby-Bauer, se encontró el mayor nivel de susceptibilidad de las bacterias a las quinolonas, aminoglucósidos, cefalosporinas y penicilinas combinadas con inhibidores de las betalactamasas. Mientras que las penicilinas, sulfas, tetraciclinas, lincosamidas y macrólidos fueron menos efectivos en inhibir el crecimiento de microorganismos. Palabras Clave: Otitis, susceptibilidad, bacterias. / --- The otitis canine is a common disease, representing from 5 to 20% in a daily veterinary practice. Among the bacterial ear infections has been reported to Staphylococcus intermedius as the most important causative agent. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency monthly, seasonal and annual cases of bacterial otitis in the period 2001-2006 in the bacteriology laboratory of the FMV-UNMSM. Also, identify bacterial species involved and the most common bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. The results of this study indicate 429 cases, decreasing gradually since 2001 with 183 cases until 2006 with 26 cases. Moreover, the ear infections were mostly caused by one agent being the most frequently agent isolated the Staphylococcus intermedius, with 27.72%. However, we must take in account important agents as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp.. In susceptibility testing by the Kirby-Bauer method, we found the highest level of bacterial susceptibility to quinolones, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins and penicillins combined with inhibitors of betalactamics. Meanwhile, penicillins, sulfas, tetracyclines, macrolides and lincosamides were less effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms. Key Words: Otitis, susceptibility, bacteria.

No description available.

Employer Branding är ett begrepp som fått stort genomslag i organisationer världen över. Begreppet innebäratt företag arbetar med sitt arbetsgivarvarumärke i syfte att attrahera, motivera och behålla personal.Ett företag som vill utveckla sitt Employer Brand är Arizona Chemical. Arizona Chemical ligger i den lillabruksorten Sandarne strax söder om Söderhamn. Arizona Chemical har gett mig i uppdrag att ge konkretaråd på Employer Branding strategier utifrån företagets förutsättningar. Genom intervjuer med anställda harjag kartlagt organisationens problembild och belyst de behov som finns av en Employer Branding strategi.För att kunna förankra mina förslag på strategier i teori har jag gjort en forskningsöversikt över fenomenetEmployer Branding. Mitt resultat är baserat på teorier utifrån litteraturen som anknyter till ArizonaChemicals behovsbild. Några teorier som framgår i resultatet är att organisationer som arbetar med EmployerBranding bör skapa en god värdegrund, plattformar för Employer Branding samt på olika sätt rikta sinexterna marknadsföring till målgruppen budskapet är avsett för.Analysen resulterade i en 6-stegsmodell som förslag på Arizona Chemicals strategiska arbete med EmployerBranding. De 6 stegen inkluderar: ny värdegrund, nulägesanalys, Employer Branding plattformar, internförankring, utvärderingar och extern kommunikation. I de olika stegen motiverar jag förslagen med hjälp avlitteraturen. Avslutningsvis diskuterar jag kring mina förslag på strategier och Employer Branding i stort.

El aflojamiento y la infección de los clavos son las complicaciones más frecuentes de la fijación externa. Su aparición en el alargamiento de miembros favorece la desviación axial del hueso. El recubrimiento con hidroxiapatita (HA) del clavo mejora la calidad del intersticio entre hueso y clavo. El propósito de este trabajo fue valorar la capacidad de la HA para prevenir el aflojamiento e infección de los clavos y la desviación axial de los huesos en alargamientos de extremidades por talla baja mediante fijación externa.Se llevó a cabo un estudio comparativo, prospectivo y randomizado de 28 alargamientos simétricos de extremidades (56 segmentos) en 23 pacientes con talla baja grave. En cada par de huesos se usaron aleatoriamente clavos recubiertos de HA en un lado y clavos convencionales en el otro. Se implantaron 322 clavos, 161 de cada tipo. Se midió el par torsor de inserción y de extracción, evaluándose el aflojamiento mediante la relación entre estos dos valores. Se clasificó la reacción radiológica alrededor de los clavos al final del procedimiento. Se registraron las infecciones observadas en cada clavo. Por otra parte se midió el ángulo óseo en el plano frontal al inicio y al final del alargamiento, determinando la variación de éste en cada alargamiento. Estas variables fueron comparadas entre el grupo de clavos recubiertos de HA y los convencionales. Se valoró la posible influencia de otras variables del procedimiento en el aflojamiento de los clavos, estableciendo un modelo explicativo para descartar que la posible influencia de la HA fuera debida a terceros factores. El periodo de implantación medio fue de 530 días, y el porcentaje de alargamiento medio del 77.7%. El par torsor de extracción medio de los clavos recubiertos de HA fue de 7611.64 Nmm/º y el de los clavos convencionales fue de 85.37 Nmm (p<0.001). La incidencia de aflojamiento en los clavos recubiertos fue del 4.4% (7/161), y en los clavos convencionales fue del 80.6% (129/161) (p<0.001). La incidencia de osteolisis en ambas corticales en los clavos recubiertos fue del 3.7% (6/161), y en los clavos convencionales del 32.3% (52/161) (p<0.001). Al aplicar un modelo de regresión logística, en el que se incluyeron las variables del procedimiento con influencia en el aflojamiento de los clavos, se observó que la presencia del recubrimiento de HA era el factor aislado más importante en la prevención del aflojamiento de los clavos. No se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la incidencia de infecciones. En los alargamientos del segmento tibial, la variación media del ángulo óseo fue de 12.4º en valgo con clavos convencionales y de 6.4º con clavos recubiertos de HA (p=0.022). El recubrimiento de HA es efectivo en la prevención del aflojamiento de los clavos de fijación externa en los alargamientos de extremidades por talla baja y disminuye la incidencia de desviación en valgo de los segmentos tibiales. / Pin loosening and infection are the most frequent complications of external fixation procedures. They have been related with the axial deviation of bones in limb lengthening. It has been previously stated that hidroxiapatite (HA) pin coating improves the quality of bone to pin interface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if HA-coating is able to prevent pin loosening, pin infection and bone axial deviation in limb lengthening by external fixation in short stature. A prospective, comparative and randomized study was carried out on 28 symmetrical limb-lengthening procedures (56 bone segments) in 23 patients with severe short stature. For each pair of bones it was randomly selected one side to lengthen with HA coated tapered pins, while conventional tapered pins were used in the opposite. A total of 322 pins were implanted, 161 of each type. The final insertion torque and the initial extraction torque, the radiological bone reaction around the pins at the end of the procedure, the infections of the pin tract and the variation of the bone angle in the frontal plane where registered. The influence of HA-coating in these variables was analysed. In order to discard any possible confusion factor, a logistic regression model was created, including the main variables of the lengthening procedure.The average implantation time was 530 days, and the average lengthening percentage 77.7%. The average extraction torque was 7611.64 Nmm/º in the hidroxiapatite-coated group and 85.37 Nmm/º in the uncoated (p<0.001). Loosening was observed in 4.4% (7/161) of the coated pins and in 80.6% (129/161) of the uncoated (p<0.001). There was bicortical osteolysis in 3.7% (6/161) of coated pins and 32.3% (52/161) of uncoated (p<0.001). The logistic regression model showed that hidroxiapatite coating was the most important individual factor in preventing pin loosening. No significant differences were observed regarding pin infection. In tibial lengthening, the average variation of bone angle was 12.4º to valgus with uncoated pins and 6.4º to valgus with coated pins (p=0.022).The hidroxiapatite coating is highly effective in preventing loosening of external fixation pins in limb lengthening in short stature and decreases the valgus deviation in tibial segments.