We investigate the impact that general concept inclusions and role-value maps have on the complexity and decidability of reasoning in the Description Logic FL₀. On the one hand, we give a more direct proof for ExpTimehardness of subsumption w.r.t. general concept inclusions in FL₀. On the other hand, we determine restrictions on role-value maps that ensure decidability of subsumption, but we also show undecidability for the cases where these restrictions are not satisfied.

We show that finding finite Herbrand models for a restricted class of first-order clauses is ExpTime-complete. A Herbrand model is called finite if it interprets all predicates by finite subsets of the Herbrand universe. The restricted class of clauses consists of anti-Horn clauses with monadic predicates and terms constructed over unary function symbols and constants. The decision procedure can be used as a new goal-oriented algorithm to solve linear language equations and unification problems in the description logic FL₀. The new algorithm has only worst-case exponential runtime, in contrast to the previous one which was even best-case exponential.

Ce travail a pour but d'améliorer la connaissance des transferts de métaux entre les phases dissoute et particulaire en milieux estuariens afin d'évaluer et de mieux comprendre les variations de la répartition des métaux et de leur spéciation en fonction des conditions physico-chimiques des systèmes étudiés. Les estuaires sont caractérisés par des gradients importants de nombreux paramètres physico-chimiques tels que la salinité, le pH, la teneur en ligands organiques, la turbidité etc... Cinq estuaires ont été sélectionnés en raison de leurs caractéristiques hydrologiques, morphologiques physico-chimiques et biologiques différentes. Deux de ces estuaires sont microtidaux et débouchent sur la Méditerranée (le Rhône et l'Ebre), le troisième est un exemple type d'estuaire macrotidal pollué (l'Escaut) et les deux derniers ont des débits liquides et solides qui les situent parmi les dix plus grands fleuves du monde (le Changjiang et la Lena). Nous avons sélectionné cinq métaux (Cs, Cd, Zn, Mn et Co) dont le devenir est tributaire de la plupart des processus recensés en estuaire. Ces métaux ont par ailleurs des isotopes émetteurs gamma ayant des périodes de demi vie assez grandes, ce qui nous a permis d'utiliser une méthode de mesure des coefficients de distribution qui caractérisent les seules fractions labiles. L'application du modèle de complexation de surface pour l'interprétation des mesures de coefficients de distribution des cinq métaux dans les différents estuaires pour différentes conditions de débit et de saison a permis d'identifier les processus qui jouent un rôle dans la spéciation de ces métaux dans de tels milieux. Ces résultats peuvent s'appliquer à la compréhension des mécanismes de transfert entre phases dissoute et particulaire dans le cas d'autres métaux et d'autres systèmes aquatiques. Un intérêt particulier a été porté au rôle des colloïdes et des ligands organiques dissous dans la spéciation des métaux dans les milieux estuariens étudiés. D'une part nous avons montré que les composés organiques dissous qui s'adsorbent à la surface des particules en suspension modifient leurs propriétés de surface et contrôlent leur réactivité de surface vis-à-vis des métaux. D'autre part les colloïdes et ligands organiques dissous contribuent à la complexation des métaux dans la phase dissoute. Une méthode simple basée sur l'ajout d'un ligand ayant un fort pouvoir complexant, 1'EDTA (éthylène-diamine-tétra-acétate) a permis d'évaluer le pouvoir complexant des colloïdes et des ligands organiques dissous pour Zn et Cd dans l'estuaire du Rhône. Cependant la nature et la concentration de ces composés dissous restent inconnues.

Thesis (DPhil (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Various opinions on the nature of Aphrahat‟s interactions with the Jews have essentially revolved around either accepting or rejecting the claim that the Persian Sage had contact with (Rabbinic) Jews and/or may have been influenced by them. While some significant research went into determining the precise nature of these relationships, the issue was never settled. This dissertation contributes to this ongoing discussion by posing and attempting to answer two primary research questions: 1) Did Aphrahat encounter actual Jews during his own lifetime or did he Simply project/imagine them into his Demonstrations from reading the New Testament collection? If the first question is answered in the affirmative, the focus of the dissertation becomes the following question: 2) Were the Jews whom Aphrahat encountered Rabbinic/Para-Rabbinic or not? To provide answers to these questions the author uses a textual comparative methodology, juxtaposing texts from both sources and then seeking to analyze them in relation to each other. Every section that deals with such comparison is organized into three sub-sections: 1) agreement, 2) disagreement by omission; and 3) disagreement by confrontation (this pattern is consistently followed throughout the study). The author concludes that the answer to both of these questions can be given in the affirmative. First, Aphrahat did not imagine nor project the Jews in his Demonstrations from his reading of the New Testament, but he (and his community) encountered the Jews on the streets of Ancient Northern Mesopotamia. Second, Aphrahat (and his community, sometimes only via his community) indeed had interactions with Rabbinic (or more accurately Para-Rabbinic) Jews. / AFRIKAANSE OSOMMING: Verskeie menings oor die aard van Afrahates se interaksies met die Jode het in hoofsaak gedraai om óf aanvaarding óf verwerping van die aanspraak dat die Persiese wysgeer kontak gehad het met (Rabbynse) Jode en/of deur hulle beïnvloed kon gewees het. Terwyl sekere beduidende navorsing ondersoek ingestel het na bepaling van die presiese aard van hierdie verhoudings, is die aangeleentheid nooit die hoof gebied nie. Hierdie verhandeling dra by tot hierdie voortgaande bespreking en poog om twee primêre navorsingsvrae te vra en te probeer beantwoord: 1) Het Afrahates werklike Jode gedurende sy eie leeftyd teëgekom of het hy hulle eenvoudig in sy “Demonstrationes” na aanleiding van die lees van die Nuwe Testament-versameling geprojekteer/gewaan? Indien die eerste vraag bevestigend beantwoord word, raak die fokus van die verhandeling die volgende vraag: 2) Was die Jode wat Afrahates teëgekom het, Rabbyns/Para-Rabbyns of nie? Om antwoorde op hierdie vrae te kan gee, gebruik die skrywer ʼn tekstueel vergelykende metodologie, deur tekste van beide bronne langs mekaar te plaas en hulle dan in verhouding tot mekaar te probeer analiseer. Elke afdeling wat met sodanige vergelyking te make het, word in drie onderafdelings georden: 1) ooreenkoms, 2) verskil deur weglating, en 3) verskil deur konfrontasie (hierdie patroon word konsekwent dwarsdeur die studie gevolg). Die skrywer kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat albei hierdie vrae bevestigend beantwoord kan word. Eerstens, Afrahates het nie die Jode in sy “Demonstrationes” na aanleiding van sy lees van die Nuwe Testament gewaan of geprojekteer nie, maar hy (en sy gemeenskap) het die Jode in die strate van Antieke Noord-Mesopotamië teëgekom. Tweedens, Afrahates (en sy gemeenskap, partymaal slegs via sy gemeenskap) het inderdaad interaksies met Rabbynse (of meer presies Para-Rabbynse) Jode gehad.

In dieser Arbeit wird eine Messung des inklusiven tief-inelastischen Positron- Proton Wirkungsquerschnitts bei kleinen Impulsüberträgen Q2 vorgestellt. Die Messung wird zur Bestimmung der longitudinalen Protonstrukturfunktion FL benutzt. Es werden Daten analysiert, welche mit dem H1 Detektor in speziellen Perioden mit reduzierter Protonstrahlenergie im Jahre 2007 aufgezeichnet wurden. Die direkte Bestimmung der Strukturfunktion FL basiert auf der Messung des reduzierten tiefinelastischen Wirkungsquerschnitt bei drei verschiedenen Schwerpunktsenergien. Ein spezieller Rekonstruktionsalgorithmus für Elektronen wurde entwickelt, welcher die Informationen der zentralen Spurkammer CJC und des Siliziumdetektors BST kombiniert. Dieser wurde in die H1 Rekonstruktionssoftware H1REC integriert. Die Effizienz des Algorithmus wird untersucht. Die Arbeit präsentiert den Wirkungsquerschnitt und die FL Messung für Inelastizitäten im Bereich von 2.5 GeV2 < Q2 < 25 GeV2. / A measurement of the inclusive cross section for the deep-inelastic scattering of positrons on protons at low four-momentum transfer squared Q2 is presented. The measurement is used for the extraction of the longitudinal proton structure function FL. The analysis is based on data collected by the H1 experiment during special, low energy runs in the year 2007. The direct technique of the FL determination based on the extraction of the reduced DIS cross sections for three different centre-of-mass energies is used. For the purpose of the analysis a dedicated electron finder has been developed and integrated with the standard H1 reconstruction software H1REC. The algorithm employs information from two independent tracking detectors the Backward Silicon Tracker and the Central Jet Chamber. The performance of the finder is studied. The thesis presents the cross section and the FL measurements in the range of 2.5 GeV2 < Q2 < 25 GeV2.

論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部,1994. / 參考文獻: leaves 383-410 / 許子濱. / Chapter 第一章： --- 緒言 / Chapter 1. --- 研究主旨 --- p.001-002 / 註釋 --- p.003 / Chapter 2. --- 本文所據王逸《楚辭章句》版本述略 --- p.004-014 / 註釋 --- p.015-018 / 附圖 --- p.019-020 / Chapter 第二章： --- 王逸生平及學術考 --- p.021-063 / 註釋 --- p.064-071 / 附圖 --- p.72 / Chapter 第三章： --- 兩漢屈原論平議 --- p.073-117 / 註釋 --- p.118-126 / Chapter 第四章： --- 王逸以「忠信之篤、仁義之厚」說屈志考略 --- p.127-151 / 註釋 --- p.152-153 / Chapter 第五章： --- 「同姓無相去之義」考辨 / Chapter 一、 --- 王逸述屈原世系及官職考 --- p.154-166 / 註釋 --- p.167-170 / 附圖 --- p.171 / Chapter 二、 --- 釋「同姓」 --- p.172-192 / 註釋 --- p.193-196 / Chapter 三、 --- 「同姓無相去之義」說彙考 / Chapter 1. --- 王逸以降言《楚辭》者「同姓無相去 之義」說輯述 --- p.197-196 / 註釋 --- p.220-224 / Chapter 2. --- 駁「同姓無相去之義」說輯述 --- p.225-230 / 註釋 --- p.231 / Chapter 3. --- 當代有關屈原「同姓」問題論爭辨疑 --- p.232-254 / 註釋 --- p.255-256 / Chapter 四、 --- 「同姓無相去之義」源流考 --- p.257-308 / 註釋 --- p.309-317 / Chapter 五、 --- 「異姓有去國之義」論 --- p.318-326 / 註釋 --- p.327-329 / Chapter 六、 --- 據「同姓無相去之義」定《楚辭章句》 / 序文作者辨謬 --- p.330-334 / 註釋 --- p.335 / Chapter 第六章： --- 屈原待放及放逐考 --- p.366-354 / Chapter 1. --- 待放 / Chapter 2. --- 放逐 / Chapter 3. --- 居夷與水死 / 註釋 --- p.355-357 / 附圖 --- p.358-359 / Chapter 第七章： --- 屈原精合真人考 --- p.360-375 / 註釋 --- p.376-378 / 附圖 --- p.379 / Chapter 第八章： --- 結語 --- p.380-381 / 註釋 --- p.380-382 / 參考書目及論文目錄 --- p.383-410 / 附錄：《楚辭章句》序文作者新說駁議 --- p.411-443 / 註釋 --- p.444-453

In the late sixteenth-century a Peruvian Indian and Inca nobleman named Guaman Poma de Ayala wrote a one-thousand page history of the world, his Nueva Cronica y Buen Gobierno, recounting the development of Andean and European humanity from the beginning of time up to the period in which the author lived. My analysis focuses on the mode of communication used by Guaman Poma, his use of Renaissance Iberian discursive and visual codes, to articulate his radical views of Spanish rule in Peru. His views, I argue, although articulated in a foreign language and media, express a fundamentally Andean understanding of the world. The conquest and the Spanish people are woven into the Andean mythological order. Andean and Spanish worlds are made to conform to a common temporal and spatial model in the author's attempt to make sense of the apocalyptic consequences of the arrival the Spanish.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 1989. / Master copies of 5 1/2 inch (Floppy) disks kept separately by library. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Iraqi State Department of Antiquities and the Polish expedition under the late Janusz Meuszynski and Richard Sobolewski, assisted later by Samuel Paley (Buffalo), set themselves the goal to locate, identify and to reconstruct the original arrangement of the reliefs from the Northwest Palace of Ashurnasirpal II. The majority of the reliefs are scattered all over the world in museums and institutions from Leningrad to Los Angeles, mainly due to the style of archaeologists and opportunists from the previous century who removed these reliefs from the Nimrud Mound. Section A of the dissertation attempted to complement the achievements of the combined Iraqi-Polish-American effort through the study of the "Standard" Inscription which was carved across and in between the reliefs of Ashurnasirpal. Subsequently, this somewhat audacious and time-consuming project was launched to trace the present whereabouts of those reliefs outside Iraq in a bid to study each text seperately. This was achieved in the end in that the inscriptions were studied from the original sculptures or from photos provided by the institutions in whose care the reliefs are at present. Each exemplar was eventually copied, transliterated and reproduced in its original room setting of the North-Vest Palace. In order to reproduce each text as an entity in its own right and in an accessible way (in direct opposition to previous attempts whereby a myriad of text-critical data was simply reduced to footnotes), available computer software initially had to be experimented with before a suitable program could be decided upon. Eventually T 3 of TOI Software Research was selected on mainly user-friendly and font-adaptability grounds. The interested scholar is now in a position to see at a glance how the texts, which were originally engraved onto sculptured slabs in the close proximity of one room, vary from one another. The remainder of Ashurnasirpal's textual corpus was treated in Section B. These inscriptions were studied and collated on the original monuments in London and New York. The texts were finally collated, revised and transliterated in a standardized form from photographs, provided by the institutions in whose care they are at present. In order to facilitate the progress of research on the Ashurnasirpal inscriptions, it was decided to make all the textual material available in the electronic medium of two 2.1 megabyte floppy disks (cf. the envelope attached to the back cover). The data is stored in T 3 volumes (73VOLS). The latest T 3 version (2.3) has a conversion program for converting T 3 documents to YordPerfect 5.0, making the material of this research more accessible to non T 3 users. Thanks to the initiatives of the Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients Project which provides the critical historian with a much needed historico-geographical footing, the unique summary of conquests or so-called standard titulary sections in the royal inscriptions of Ashurnasirpal were examined in search of a historically verifiable methodology. These passages were collected not only from the Calah inscriptions, but especially from other provenances like Ashur and Nineveh on the assumption that a definite correlation exists between geographic references and the chronological sequences of events in the Ashurnasirpal II royal inscriptions. These "summary" sections provide a useful summary in titular form of the king's conquests comprising essentially geographic material. They emanated stylistically from the preceding sections on the king's genealogy, titulary, filiation and theological legitimation. They were in a constant state of editorial flux impending on the successes of the king's expansionist policies. The modern historian can now utilize these summaries, or historico-political titles, not only as a fixed point of departure, historically speaking, but also as a normative tool to unravel biased military reports of the king's military activities in both the annalistic and display type of inscriptions. A new approach on the historical reconstruction of the reign of Ashurnasirpal II (883-859 B.C.) with its implications for the study of the Old Testament can now be anticipated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Irakse Direktoraat van Rultuursake en 'n Poole ekspedisie onder aanvoering van wyle Janusz Meuszynski en Ryszard Sobolewski, later bygestaan deur Samuel Paley (Buffalo), het hulle dit ten doel gestel om al Assurnasirpal II se reliefs, wat sedert die vorige eeu deur skattejagters en argeoloe van die Nimrud Tel (naby Mosul in die noorde van Irak) verwyder is en na museums en instellings van Leningrad tot in Los Angeles versprei is, op te spoor. Met behulp van hoof saaklik die ikonografie-is die reliefs se oorspronklike plekke in die beroemde Noordwes-Paleis vasgestel en grafies gerekonstrueer. Afdeling A van hierdie dissertasie poog om hierdie projek aan te vul deur al die II "Standaard" Inskripsies wat bo-oor en tussen die reliefs aangebring was, te bestudeer. 11 Yervolgens is die moeisame proses aangepak om hierdie reliefs in museums oor die hele wereld op te spoor, die inskripsies direk of vanaf foto's te kollasioneer, te kopieer, te translitereer en in hul oorspronklike vertrekskonteks weer te gee. Die formaat waarin die transliterasies van die inskripsies uiteindelik weergegee moes word, is uiteindelik deur middel van TCI Software Research se T 3 bemeester. Die formaat waarin die tekste weergegee is in hierdie dissertasie, vergemaklik die bestudering van individuele tekste sowel as die vergelyking van die teksvariante in die groter paleiskonteks, deurdat die tekste gegroepeer is ooreenkomstig die oorspronklike posisies van die reliefs teen die mure van die onderskeie vertrekke van die paleis. In Afdeling B is die oorblywende tekskorpus van Assurnasirpal behandel. Die inskripsies is op die oorspronklike monumente, stelas en tablette in hoof saaklik Londen en New York bestudeer, gekollasioneer en die transliterasies is hersien en gestandaardiseer. Dit bring vervolgens mee dat die tekskorpus van Assurnasirpal II in die elektronies-toeganklike formaat van T S -volumes beskikbaar is vir Assirioloe, wat met behulp van die rekenaartegnologie navorsing op die Assurnasirpal tekste wil doen. Die nuwe 2.3 weergawe van 7 3 beskik oor die moontlikheid om 3 -volumes en -leers om te skakel in YordPerfect 5.0 dokumente, wat dus_inligtingsherwinning, data-onttrekking en ander dergelike funksies van die rekenaartegnologie op spykerskriftekste verder vergemaklik. Al die teksmateriaal is vir die doel op twee 2.1 megagreep slapskywe gestoor in 73-volumes en is beskikbaar in die koevert, wat aan die agterblad van die dissertasie vasgeheg is. Ten slotte is 'n nuwe metodologie, gebore uit die inisiatiewe van en blootstelling aan die Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients Projek, op die proef gestel. Kortliks berus hierdie benadering op die aanname dat daar 'n histories-verifieerbare korrelasie tussen geografiese gegewens en kronologiese ordening in die Assiriese Koningsgeskrifte bestaan. Die betrokke gedeelte in die koningsgeskrifte, waarin 'n opsomming van die koning se verowerde gebiede (en dus geografiese data) stilisties voortvloei uit die voorafgaande genealogie, titulatuur en teologiese legitimasie, is vervolgens versamel en gegroepeer uit tekste wat Assur, Nineve en Nimrud insluit. Hierdie opsommende titulatuur is op 'n gereelde basis deur die amptelike Assiriese skrywers geredigeer ooreenkomstig die welslae van die koning se buitelandse beleid van ekspansionisme. Vervolgens kan die moderne historikus hierdie beknopte historiese gegewens in die opsommende titulatiqr, gesuiwer van tipiese Assiriese propaganda, as 'n vaste normatiewe basis aanwend om die breedvoerige annalistiese beskrywings van die koning se veldtogte krities te bestudeer. 'n Betroubare rekonstruksie van die regeringstyd van Assurnasirpal II (883-859 v.C.) en die implikasies wat dit vir die flu Testament inhou, kan vervolgens in die vooruitsig gestel word.