Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiane Skeika.pdf: 2364306 bytes, checksum: 8d6414f80c21a8f934352d23ededc5ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11 / The study of carbon-based ceramic electrodes (CCE) has been significantly increased due to advantages over other electrodes. The CCE features as large surface area, high electrical conductivity and higher mechanical strength, increases their stability and durability. Different parameters of CCE preparation, such as type of precursor, carbon material, catalyst amount, among others, significantly influence the morphological properties and consequently their electrochemical responses. Based on these factors this work presents a 23 factorial design (2 levels and 3 factors) which the factors analyzed were catalyst amount (HCl 12 mol L-1), graphite / precursor ratio, and precursor type (TEOS - tetraethoxysilane and MTMOS - methyltrimetoxysilane). These variables were optimized by analyzing the electrochemical responses obtained in presence of potassium ferrocyanide (at fixed concentration of 1.0 x10-3 mol L-1). The design resulted in a significant third order interaction for anodic peak current values (Ipa), and also to the potential difference (E) between the factors studied which could not be observed using an univariated study. The optimized electrode was modified with ferrocenecarboxylic acid (designated as CCE/Ferrocene) mainly aiming at the increase the sensitivity to the unmodified one. SEM images indicated that the components are homogeneously dispersed in the sample but with some little agglomeration of segregated ferrocene particles. From cyclic voltammetric experiments, it was observed that the CCE/Ferrocene presented a redox pair at Epa = 390.3 mV and Epc = 298.7 mV (E = 91.7 mV), related to the ferrocene/ferrocenium process, since the non- modified CCE did not presented any redox peaks. Studies of the modified electrode in different scan rates resulted in a linear relationship between the anodic peak current values and the scan rate, a characteristic behavior for confined species in the surface electrode. In order to verify the possibility of using the CCE/Ferrocene as an electrochemical sensor, studies in presence of dopamine (DA) were carried out. In this case, it was observed that after DA addition in the electrolyte solution, a considerably increase in the redox currents were observed at same oxidation potential of ferrocene (Epa= 408.0 mV vs Ag/AgCl), different from the observed when using only CCE as electrode material, which the increase in the anodic peak was considerably lower and slightly dislocated to higher positive potential (Epa= 446.1 mV vs Ag/AgCl). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) experiments were evaluated in presence of DA, with optimized parameters. In these conditions, the proposed sensor has shown a linear response range from 0.2 to 1.0 molL-1 with a detection limit of 1.5 mol L-1 to CCE and 0.43 mol L-1 for CCE/Ferrocene. From SWV experiments, it was observed that the AA oxidation at CCE/Ferrocene occurred in a different potential of DA oxidation, with a peak separation of approximately 170.5 mV. Moreover, CCE/Ferrocene did not respond to different AA concentrations indicating that is possible with this electrode determine DA without the interference of AA. / O estudo de eletrodos a base de carbono cerâmico (ECC), tem aumentado significativamente devido às vantagens sobre os demais eletrodos. Os ECC apresentam grande área superficial, alta condutividade elétrica, além de uma maior resistência mecânica, o que aumenta a estabilidade e durabilidade desses eletrodos. Os diferentes parâmetros utilizados na preparação dos ECC, tais como, tipo de precursor, material de carbono, quantidade de catalisador, entre outros, influenciam significativamente nas propriedades morfológicas e consequentemente nas respostas eletroquímicas dos mesmos. Baseando-se nisto, esse trabalho apresenta um planejamento fatorial 23 (2 níveis e 3 fatores) onde os fatores analisados foram a quantidade de catalisador (HCl 12 mol L-1), proporção grafite/precursor, e o tipo de precursor (TEOS - tetraetoxisilano e MTMOS - metiltrimetoxisilano). Tais variáveis foram otimizadas analisando-se as respostas eletroquímicas obtidas na presença de ferrocianeto de potássio (na concentração fixa de 1,0 x10-3 mol L-1). O planejamento resultou numa interação significativa de terceira ordem para os valores de corrente de pico anódico (Ipa) e também para a diferença de potencial (E), entre os fatores estudados o que não poderia ser observado utilizando-se um estudo univariado. O eletrodo otimizado foi modificado com ácido ferrocenocarboxílico (denominado ECC/Ferroceno) visando principalmente o aumento da sensibilidade em relação ao eletrodo não modificado. As imagens de MEV indicaram que os componentes do eletrodo estão homogeneamente dispersos na amostra, mas com pequena aglomeração de partículas segregadas do ferroceno. Através dos estudos de voltametria cíclica (VC), observou-se que o ECC/Ferroceno apresentou um par redox em Epa = 390,3 mV e Epc = 298,7 mV (E = 91,7 mV), relacionados ao processo ferroceno / íon ferroceno já que o ECC sem modificação não apresentou picos redox. O estudo do eletrodo modificado em diferentes velocidades de varredura resultou em uma relação linear entre os valores de corrente de pico anódica e, sendo esse um comportamento típico de espécies confinadas na superfície do eletrodo. Para verificar a possibilidade da aplicação do ECC/Ferroceno como sensor eletroquímico foram realizados estudos na presença de dopamina (DA). Neste caso, foi observado que após a adição de DA na solução eletrolítica, um considerável aumento nas correntes redox foram observados no mesmo potencial de oxidação do ferroceno (Epa = 408,0 mV vs Ag / AgCl), diferente do que foi observado para o ECC. Nesse último caso, a corrente de pico anódica foi consideravelmente mais baixa além do potencial de pico anódico ligeiramente deslocado para regiões mais positivas (Epa = 446,1 V vs Ag / AgCl). A técnica de voltametria de onda quadrada (VOQ) foi aplicada para a determinação de DA, com os parâmetros otimizados. Nessas condições, os sensores propostos apresentaram uma faixa de resposta linear de 0,2 a 1,0 mol L-1 e um limite de detecção de 1,5 mol L-1 para o ECC e 0,43 mol L-1 para o ECC/Ferroceno. A partir dos estudos de VOQ, foi observado ainda que a oxidação de ácido ascórbico (AA) no ECC/Ferroceno ocorreu em um potencial diferente da oxidação de DA, com separação de pico de aproximadamente 170,5 mV. Além disso, o ECC/Ferroceno não apresentou aumento da corrente de pico com a variação da concentração de AA, indicando uma possível aplicação deste eletrodo na determinação de DA sem a interferência do AA.

Ciclones são equipamentos largamente empregados na separação de partículas do ar ou na limpeza de gases de processos por ação da força centrífuga. Neste trabalho, um ciclone lavador modificado foi projetado, construído, e sua eficiência de coleta de partículas foi avaliada. O equipamento consiste de um ciclone separador tipo Americano com triplo cone, em cujo corpo cilíndrico foram introduzidos bicos nebulizadores de água. Graças a essa configuração ele pode ser usado em galpões industriais, apresenta facilidade de construção e operação e baixo custo. O autor projetou esse ciclone objetivando não somente a eficiência de coleta, mas também a compacidade, o baixo consumo de água e de eletricidade, a possibilidade de purificação de gases ou vapores tóxicos, e ainda, o resfriamento de gases quentes pela umidificação até a saturação, de acordo com os fundamentos da separação de poeiras empregada nos scrubbers úmidos. O estudo consistiu de uma avaliação experimental das condições de operação à temperaturas ambiente e superiores à ambiente, variando também a altura da chaminé e a vazão de água de umidificação da poeira. Os ensaios foram realizados em duas etapas. Na primeira, objetivou-se identificar as melhores condições de operação usando todo o potencial de variação do equipamento, e empregando um projeto fatorial de três fatores (three-way). A segunda etapa objetivou-se estimar a eficiência de coleta do ciclone lavador usando como poluente, partículas de quartzo micronizado com diâmetro médio de 7,48 µm. A concentração de partículas no gás foi de 20 a 100 mg/m3 de ar. Foi obtida uma eficiência média de 97.07±1.03 %, para 4 bicos nebulizadores, 4 aquecedores em funcionamento e altura da chaminé 645 mm, para uma vazão de gás 0,358 m3/s de gás. Concluindo a modificação do projeto aumento a eficiência de coleta de aproximadamente 70 % ,em ciclones secos, para 97,07 %. / Cyclones are devices widely employed to separate and collect particles from the air or for cleaning up gases for processes by the action of centrifugal force. In this work a modified cyclone washer was designed, fabricated, and its collection efficiency evaluated. This equipment consists of an Americantype cyclone separator with a triple cone into whose cylindrical body a spray nozzle was introduced. Thanks to its configuration, it can be used in industrial warehouses and is fairly simple to build and operate, as well as inexpensive. The author designed this cyclone with a view not only to efficiency but also compactness, low water and electricity consumption, the possibility of toxic gas or vapor absorption, the cooling of hot gases and aerosol humidification up to saturation, according to fundamentals of dust separation with wet scrubbers. The study consisted of an experimental evaluation of the operating conditions at ambient and higher than ambient temperatures, changing the chimney height and water flow rate, with the purpose of humidifying dust. The tests were carried out in two steps. The first step aimed to identify the best operating condition using the entire potential variation and employing a three-way factorial design. The second step aimed to estimate the efficiency of the cyclone washer was evaluated in the collection of micronized quartz particles with an average diameter of 7.48 µm. The amount of particles varied from 20 to 100 mg/m3 of air. An average efficiency of 97.07±1.03 % was obtained with four spray nozzles, with its four heaters turned on, chimney height of 0.645 m and 0.358 m3/s of gas. In conclusion, the design modification had increased the collection efficiency from about 70 %, in dry cyclones, to 97.07 %.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho é a aplicação de um Planejamento Fatorial Completo, ferramenta estatística que auxiliará a obter dados empíricos para otimizar um tratamento termoquímico, a cementação. Partindo-se de um levantamento da profundidade de camada cementada e da dureza de uma corrente de aço de baixo teor de carbono, usada para amarração, e para resistir à abrasão reproduziu-se uma nova cementação, variando-se seus parâmetros de influência, para se alcançar o ponto ótimo, definindo o melhor aço e o melhor processo. Foram realizados dois planejamentos, um fatorial 2 e dois 2, comparando o comportamento do processo na prática em relação aos resultados teóricos de uma simulação computacional, que permite a obtenção das curvas de enriquecimento de carbono, baseado na segunda Lei de Fick, para várias condições de contorno. Os perfis teóricos de cementação apresentaram valores de profundidade efetiva próximos aos valores obtidos experimentalmente, evidenciando o planejamento realizado.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineSS_DISSERT.pdf: 1736350 bytes, checksum: c0d8fc169a3fee522a620adb1ae979a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Produced water has lately aroused interest due to their high degree of salinity, suspended oil particles, chemicals added in various manufacturing processes, heavy metals and radioactivity sometimes. Along with oil and due to its high volume production, water production is one of the pollutants of most concern in the process of oil extraction. PAHs due to their ubiquity and their characteristics carcinogenic or mutagenic and teratogenic even have attracted the attention of every scientific society. Formed from the incomplete combustion of organic matter may be natural or anthropogenic. Some materials have been researched with the goal of cleaning up environmental matrices that may be contaminated by hydrocarbons. Among these materials researched various clays have been employed, of which highlights the vermiculite. The family of phyllosilicates, vermiculite for its potential and its high hydrophobic surface area has been a tool widely used in the decontamination of water in processes of oil spills. However, when it loses its capacity expanded hydrophobic having the necessity of using a hidrofobizante to make it organophilic. Among the numerous hidrofobizantes researched and used the linseed oil was the pioneer. In this study sought to evaluate the capacity of removal of PAHs using the vermiculite hydrofobized with linseed oil and wax also, for it was made use of the 24 full factorial design as the main tool for the experiments. We also evaluated the clay grain size (-20 +48 and -48 +80 #), the percentage of hidrofobizante applied (5 and 10%) and salinity of the water produced synthesized in our laboratory (35,000 and 55,000 ppm). The molecular fluorescence spectroscopy due to its sensitivity and speed was used to verify the adsorption capacity of clay, as well as gas chromatography served as an auxiliary technique to identify and quantify the PAHs in solution. In order to characterize the vermiculite was made use of X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The infrared and thermogravimetry were essential to note hydrophobization and the amount of coating of clay. According to the fluorescence analysis showed that the test 12 was the best result in about 98% adsorption of fluorescent compounds, however the high salinity, the smallest particle size, the highest percentage of hidrofobizante and the use of linseed oil showed greater efficiency in the removal capacity of these hydrocarbons, in accordance with the trend followed by the analysis of the major factors of the factorial design. To verify the adsorption capacity of clay using a fixed volume of water produced synthetically, used as the test base 12, at their respective levels and factors. Thus, it was observed that after adding about 1 ? liters of water solution produced synthetically, about 300 times its volume in mass, the vermiculite was able to adsorb 80% of fluorescent species present in solution / A ?gua produzida vem ultimamente despertando interesse devido ao seu elevado grau de salinidade, part?culas de ?leo em suspens?o, produtos qu?micos adicionados nos diversos processos de produ??o, metais pesados e algumas vezes radioatividade. Juntamente com o petr?leo e devido ao seu elevado volume de produ??o, a ?gua de produ??o ? um dos poluentes que mais preocupam no processo de extra??o do ?leo. Os HPAs devido a sua ubiq?idade e suas caracter?sticas carcinog?nicas/mutag?nicas e at? mesmo teratog?nicas v?m chamando a aten??o de toda sociedade cient?fica. Formados a partir da combust?o incompleta da mat?ria org?nica podem ser de origem natural ou antropog?nica. Alguns materiais v?m sendo pesquisados com o objetivo de despoluir matrizes ambientais que venham ser contaminadas por estes hidrocarbonetos. Dentre estes materiais pesquisados v?rias argilas t?m sido empregadas, das quais se destaca a vermiculita. Da fam?lia dos filossilicatos, a vermiculita por seu potencial hidrof?bico e sua elevada ?rea superficial tem sido um utens?lio bastante utilizado na descontamina??o de ?guas em processos de derramamento de ?leo. Contudo, quando expandida esta perde sua capacidade hidrof?bica havendo a necessidade do uso de um hidrofobizante para torn?-la organof?lica. Dentre os in?meros hidrofobizantes pesquisados e utilizados o ?leo de linha?a foi o pioneiro. Neste trabalho procurou-se avaliar a capacidade de remo??o de HPAs utilizando a vermiculita hidrofobizada com ?leo de linha?a e tamb?m a parafina, para isto fez-se uso do planejamento fatorial completo 24 como ferramenta principal para realiza??o dos experimentos. Avaliou-se tamb?m a granulometria da argila (-20+48 e -48+80 #), o percentual de hidrofobizante aplicado (5 e 10 %) e a salinidade da ?gua produzida sintetizada em laborat?rio (35.000 e 55.000 ppm). A espectroscopia de fluoresc?ncia molecular devido a sua sensibilidade e rapidez foi utilizada para verificar a capacidade de adsor??o da argila, bem como a cromatografia gasosa serviu como t?cnica auxiliar a fim de quantificar e identificar os HPAs presentes em solu??o. A fim de caracterizar a vermiculita fez-se uso da fluoresc?ncia de raios X e difra??o de raios X. O infravermelho e a termogravimetria foram essenciais para constatar a hidrofobiza??o e a quantidade de recobrimento do argilomineral. De acordo com as an?lises de fluoresc?ncia verificou-se que o ensaio 12 obteve o melhor resultado em torno de 98 % de adsor??o dos compostos fluorescentes, contudo a elevada salinidade, a menor granulometria, o maior percentual de hidrofobizante e o uso do ?leo de linha?a apresentaram maior efici?ncia na capacidade de remo??o destes hidrocarbonetos, de acordo com a tend?ncia seguida pela an?lise dos fatores principais do planejamento fatorial. Para verificar a capacidade de adsor??o da argila utilizando um volume fixo de ?gua produzida sint?tica, usou-se como base o ensaio 12, nos seus respectivos n?veis e fatores. Deste modo, observou-se que ap?s a adi??o de aproximadamente 1 ? litro de solu??o de ?gua produzida sint?tica, cerca de 300 vezes o seu volume em massa, a vermiculita foi capaz de adsorver 80 % das esp?cies fluorescentes presentes em solu??o

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-17T15:28:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Lembi Teles_.pdf: 1859021 bytes, checksum: 5dc2746be44c5f2b865c68ec0b4c0db0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-17T15:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Márcio Lembi Teles_.pdf: 1859021 bytes, checksum: 5dc2746be44c5f2b865c68ec0b4c0db0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise fatorial, através de fluidodinâmica computacional, do escoamento e transferência de calor para fluidos viscoplásticos a partir de um cilindro confinado entre paredes paralelas. Considera-se que as propriedades reológicas sensíveis à temperatura, o que acopla os problemas térmico e fluidodinâmico de forma bilateral. Foi desenvolvida uma formulação baseada no método estabilizado de elementos finitos Galerkin Mínimos Quadrados (GLS – Galerkin Leart-Squares) para a aproximação de escoamentos não newtonianos com transferência de calor e propriedades reológicas termodependentes. Esta formulação foi implementada em um código computacional próprio. Para a modelagem das tensões viscosa, foi utilizado um modelo de líquido newtoniano generalizado, com função viscosidade dada pelo modelo de Herschel-Bulkley regularizado conforme Papanastasiou e propriedades termodependentes – a tensão inicial de escoamento e o índice de consistência. Os resultados numéricos foram investigados utilizando os adimensionais: número de Reynolds (Re), número de Herschel-Bulkley (Hb), número de Prandtl (Pr), índice de potência (n) e coeficientes de dependência térmica (a* e b*). Foi realizado um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 2K, com objetivo de avaliar a influência destes parâmetros na taxa de transferência de calor, através do número de Nusselt (Nu), e na perda de carga localizada devido à obstrução do canal pelo cilindro. / This paper presents a factor analysis using computational fluid dynamics, flow and heat transfer for viscoplastic fluids from a cylinder confined between parallel walls. It is considered that the rheological properties sensitive to temperature, which couples the thermal and fluid dynamic problems bilaterally. It was developed a formulation based on stabilized finite element method Galerkin Least Squares (GLS - Galerkin Leart-Squares) for approaching non-Newtonian flow with heat transfer and rheological properties dependent terms. This formulation has been implemented in a proper computer code. For the modeling of viscous stresses, a generalized Newtonian fluid model was used, with viscosity function given by the Herschel-Bulkley regularized model as Papanastasiou and properties dependent terms – the initial yield stress and consistency index. The numerical results were investigated using the dimensionless: Reynolds number (Re), Herschel-Bulkley number (Hb), Prandtl number (Pr), potency index (n) and temperature dependence coefficients (a* and b*). It conducted a full factorial experimental design 2K, with objective to evaluate the influence of these parameters on the heat transfer rate, through the Nusselt number (Nu), and localized head loss due to the cylinder by duct obstruction.

<p>Software prototyping is considered to be one of the most important tools that are used by software engineersnowadays to be able to understand the customer’s requirements, and develop software products that are efficient,reliable, and acceptable economically. Software engineers can choose any of the available prototyping approaches tobe used, based on the software that they intend to develop and how fast they would like to go during the softwaredevelopment. But generally speaking all prototyping approaches are aimed to help the engineers to understand thecustomer’s true needs, examine different software solutions and quality aspect, verification activities…etc, that mightaffect the quality of the software underdevelopment, as well as avoiding any potential development risks.A combination of several prototyping approaches, and brainstorming techniques which have fulfilled the aim of theknowledge extraction approach, have resulted in developing a prototyping approach that the engineers will use todevelop one and only one throwaway prototype to extract more knowledge than expected, in order to improve thequality of the software underdevelopment by spending more time studying it from different points of view.The knowledge extraction approach, then, was applied to the developed prototyping approach in which thedeveloped model was treated as software prototype, in order to gain more knowledge out of it. This activity hasresulted in several points of view, and improvements that were implemented to the developed model and as a resultAgile Prototyping AP, was developed. AP integrated more development approaches to the first developedprototyping model, such as: agile, documentation, software configuration management, and fractional factorialdesign, in which the main aim of developing one, and only one prototype, to help the engineers gaining moreknowledge, and reducing effort, time, and cost of development was accomplished but still developing softwareproducts with satisfying quality is done by developing an evolutionary prototyping and building throwawayprototypes on top of it.</p>

<p>cDNA microarrays is one of the first high-throughput gene expression technologies that has emerged within molecular biology for the purpose of functional genomics. cDNA microarrays compare the gene expression levels between cell samples, for thousands of genes simultaneously. </p><p>The microarray technology offers new challenges when it comes to data analysis, since the thousands of genes are examined in parallel, but with very few replicates, yielding noisy estimation of gene effects and variances. Although careful image analyses and normalisation of the data is applied, traditional methods for inference like the Student <i>t</i> or Fisher’s <i>F</i>-statistic fail to work.</p><p>In this thesis, four papers on the topics of empirical Bayes and full Bayesian methods for two-channel microarray data (as e.g. cDNA) are presented. These contribute to proving that empirical Bayes methods are useful to overcome the specific data problems. The sample distributions of all the genes involved in a microarray experiment are summarized into prior distributions and improves the inference of each single gene.</p><p>The first part of the thesis includes biological and statistical background of cDNA microarrays, with an overview of the different steps of two-channel microarray analysis, including experimental design, image analysis, normalisation, cluster analysis, discrimination and hypothesis testing. The second part of the thesis consists of the four papers. Paper I presents the empirical Bayes statistic <i>B</i>, which corresponds to a <i>t</i>-statistic. Paper II is based on a version of <i>B</i> that is extended for linear model effects. Paper III assesses the performance of empirical Bayes models by comparisons with full Bayes methods. Paper IV provides extensions of <i>B</i> to what corresponds to <i>F</i>-statistics.</p>

This research addresses fleet-sizing for reusable containers that are used for protection, transportation, and storage of parts between a component plant and assembly plant. These reusable containers are often expensive and occupy a large amount of storage space when empty and full. Having a large container fleet comes with higher acquisition, maintenance, and storage costs, but decreases production down time caused by the lack of containers needed for storage. A quantitative model of these trade-offs will permit decision makers to maintain desired production levels at minimum cost. In this dissertation, the relationship between container fleet size and production down time caused by container shortages is researched. Utilizing both theoretical and empirical approaches, two analytical models that include relevant operational parameters and stochastic components are developed. The first is a container fleet sizing model, and the second model estimates production stoppages as a function of container fleet size. The formulas are shown to be accurate and provide decision makers with the tools to better plan and manage specific applications. The formulas also provide general insight into the factors that affect container fleet size and production stoppage due to container shortages. / Graduation date: 2012

cDNA microarrays is one of the first high-throughput gene expression technologies that has emerged within molecular biology for the purpose of functional genomics. cDNA microarrays compare the gene expression levels between cell samples, for thousands of genes simultaneously. The microarray technology offers new challenges when it comes to data analysis, since the thousands of genes are examined in parallel, but with very few replicates, yielding noisy estimation of gene effects and variances. Although careful image analyses and normalisation of the data is applied, traditional methods for inference like the Student t or Fisher’s F-statistic fail to work. In this thesis, four papers on the topics of empirical Bayes and full Bayesian methods for two-channel microarray data (as e.g. cDNA) are presented. These contribute to proving that empirical Bayes methods are useful to overcome the specific data problems. The sample distributions of all the genes involved in a microarray experiment are summarized into prior distributions and improves the inference of each single gene. The first part of the thesis includes biological and statistical background of cDNA microarrays, with an overview of the different steps of two-channel microarray analysis, including experimental design, image analysis, normalisation, cluster analysis, discrimination and hypothesis testing. The second part of the thesis consists of the four papers. Paper I presents the empirical Bayes statistic B, which corresponds to a t-statistic. Paper II is based on a version of B that is extended for linear model effects. Paper III assesses the performance of empirical Bayes models by comparisons with full Bayes methods. Paper IV provides extensions of B to what corresponds to F-statistics.

This thesis illustrates analysis of the influence of the non-machining processes on product quality by experimental design and statistical analysis. For the analysis objective / dishwasher production in Arcelik Dishwasher plant is examined. Sheet metal forming processes of dishwasher production constitutes the greatest portion of production cost and using the Pareto analysis technique / four pieces among twenty six pieces are determined to be investigated. These four pieces are the U Sheet, L Sheet, Inner Door and Side Panel of the dishwasher. By the help of the flow diagrams production process of the determined pieces are defined. Brainstorming technique and cause&amp / effect diagrams are used to determine which non-machining process parameters can cause pieces to be scrapped. These parameters are used as control factors in experimental design. Taguchi&amp / #8217 / s L16(215) orthogonal array, Taguchi&amp / #8217 / s L16(215) orthogonal array using S/N transformation and 28-4 fractional factorial design are used on purpose. With repetitions and confirmation experiments the effective parameters are determined and optimum level of these parameters are defined for the improvements on scrap quantity and quality of production.