Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO ADRIANO NOGUEIRA.pdf: 382280 bytes, checksum: fc1f9e0caac3d97ff74a893e97298a71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Digital processing of speech signal is applied in several computer applications, which the major ones are the following: Recognition, synthesis and coding of speech. All these applications require the amount of data in the acoustic signal to be reduced, in order to allow processing by a computer device. The feature extraction of speech signal, that is the goal of this study, performs this action. The features extracted should well depict the speech signal and should have no redundancy, in order to increase the performance of the systems using them. The feature extraction Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) method partially fulfills these requirements, but it is seriously damaged when noise signal is acting. The appliance of the statistical method of Factorial Analysis is intended to filter the noise components from the speech. The results of the experiments performed in this work shows that this is a competitive method, especially when used to generate acoustic models in severe noise conditions. / O processamento digital do sinal de voz é empregado em diversas aplicações computacionais, das quais as principais são: Reconhecimento, síntese e codificação da fala. Todas estas aplicações requerem que ocorra redução da quantidade de informações da onda acústica, de maneira a permitir o processamento por um computador. O processo de extração de características do sinal de voz, objeto de estudo deste trabalho, realiza esta tarefa. As características extraídas devem caracterizar o sinal de voz e não conter redundância, de forma a maximizar o desempenho dos sistemas que as utilizem. O método MFCC (Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients) de extração de características cumpre parcialmente esses requisitos, mas é seriamente degradado sob a incidência de ruído. A aplicação do método estatístico de Análise Fatorial objetiva filtrar o sinal de ruído das locuções. Os resultados obtidos dos experimentos realizados indicam a competitividade deste método, especialmente quando usado na geração dos modelos acústicos robustos em condições de ruído severo.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T15:46:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gleicesantanamorais.pdf: 2010794 bytes, checksum: 52ab798a72af303385477db8ef845974 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-21T11:12:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gleicesantanamorais.pdf: 2010794 bytes, checksum: 52ab798a72af303385477db8ef845974 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T11:12:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gleicesantanamorais.pdf: 2010794 bytes, checksum: 52ab798a72af303385477db8ef845974 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-06 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Externamente as cooperativas de crédito possuem muitas similaridades com os bancos. No entanto há uma série de características, próprias da sua natureza organizacional, que as diferenciam das instituições financeiras bancárias. Dentre elas, tem-se a figura do cooperado, um “consumidor” diferenciado, que assume, simultaneamente, o papel de dono e usuário dos serviços prestados pela cooperativa. A singularidade do modelo de organização cooperativa, bem como a natureza híbrida do papel assumido pelos cooperados, despertam, para fins deste estudo, o interesse em compreender as dimensões do comportamento deste “consumidor- associado”. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral deste estudo é: identificar os fatores que influenciam a associação em cooperativas de crédito. O referencial teórico desta pesquisa aborda dois campos do conhecimento: os aspectos relacionados ao cooperativismo de crédito e estudos sobre os fatores que influenciam a escolha por instituições financeiras. Para responder aos objetivos específicos, duas fases metodológicas foram desenvolvidas: fase qualitativa, cuja finalidade é responder o objetivo específico 1 (identificar, na perspectiva dos cooperados e dos gestores de cooperativas singular, central e confederação, as variáveis que influenciam a associação em cooperativas de crédito). Para isso, foram realizadas 14 entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave, dentre eles: cooperados, gerentes de negócios, supervisor de produtos e diretor responsável pelo marketing de cooperativa singular, gerente da área de marketing de uma cooperativa central e de uma confederação de cooperativas. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A segunda fase é de natureza quantitativa, sua finalidade é responder ao objetivo especifico 2 (identificar e mensurar os fatores que influenciam a associação em cooperativas de crédito). Para isso, foram aplicados 415 questionários em cooperados de três cooperativas. Os métodos utilizados na análise de dados foram a análise fatorial exploratória e mensuração do Alfa de Cronbach. A pesquisa identificou sete fatores que explicam 66,68% da variação total dos dados. Os fatores e seus respectivos alfas são: Atendimento e Confiabilidade (0,943), Preço (0,841), Diferenciais do Cooperativismo (0,846), Conveniência (0,856), Vantagens Relativas (0,862), Influencias Sociais (0,700), Produtos (0,498). Destaca-se a relevância do fator Diferenciais do Cooperativismo, que permite constatar que as características consideradas como intrínsecas às cooperativas, são motivadoras no processo de associação. Nota-se, também, que o fator Produtos não obteve um alfa satisfatório. Acredita-se que um dos gargalhos esteja relacionado à política de comunicação desse atributo, durante as entrevistas, os cooperados não se demonstraram seguros quanto ao conhecimento dos produtos ofertados pela cooperativa. Este estudo proporciona uma contribuição incremental à literatura de comportamento do consumidor, especialmente, no âmbito do cooperativismo financeiro. Quanto às implicações práticas, os resultados obtidos poderão ser incorporados na estratégia de marketing das cooperativas, especialmente, no âmbito do marketing comercial e institucional. Dentre as limitações do estudo, verifica-se que a amostra não contemplou municípios de portes distintos e cooperativas de sistemas diferentes. Como sugestão de pesquisas futuras, estudos comparativos entre cooperativas de crédito e bancos e perfis distintos de cooperados poderão ser realizados; validação do instrumento de coleta de dados (escala); dentre outras sugestões. / Externally, credit cooperatives have many similarities with banks. However, a series of characteristics of its own organizational nature, distinguish them from banking financial institutions. Among them is the figure of the member, a distinguished "consumer" who simultaneously assumes the role of owner and user of the services provided by the cooperative. The uniqueness of the model of a cooperative organization, and the hybrid nature of the role assumed by the members, awakens the interest in understanding the behavioural dimensions of this "consumer-associate". In this sense, the general objective of this study was to identify the factors that influence the association in credit cooperatives. The theoretical reference of this research approaches two fields of knowledge: the aspects related to credit cooperativism and studies on the factors that influence the choice for financial institutions. To reach the specific objectives, two methodological phases were developed. A qualitative phase, of which purpose was to reach specific objective 1 (identify, from the perspective of members and managers of singular, central and confederation cooperatives, the variables that influence the association in credit cooperatives). To this end, a literature review was conducted in addition to 14 semi-structured interviews with key actors, among them: members, business managers, product supervisor and the director responsible for the marketing of a singular cooperative, and marketing manager of a central cooperative and confederation of cooperatives. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The second phase had quantitative nature, with the purpose of reaching specific objective 2 (identify and measure the factors that influence the association in credit cooperatives). To this end, 415 questionnaires were applied to members of three cooperatives. The methods used for data analysis are the exploratory factorial analysis and the Cronbach's Alpha. The research identified seven factors that explain 66.68% of the total data variation. The factors and their respective alphas are: Attendance and Reliability (0.943), Price (0.841), Cooperativism Differentials (0.846), Convenience (0.856), Relative Advantages (0.862), Social Influences (0.700), Products (0.488). The relevance of factor "Cooperativism Differentials" was prominent, demonstrating that the characteristics considered as intrinsic to cooperatives are motivating for the association process. The "products" factor did not obtain a satisfactory alpha. It is assumed that one of the hindering effects is related to the communication policy of this attribute, given that, during the interviews, the cooperative members demonstrated uncertainty regarding the knowledge of the products offered by the cooperative. This study provides an incremental contribution to the literature on consumer behaviour, especially in the area of financial cooperativism. Regarding practical implications, the results obtained can be incorporated into the marketing strategy of cooperatives, especially in the context of commercial and institutional marketing. About the study limitations, the sample did not include municipalities of distinct sizes and cooperatives of distinct systems. As a suggestion for future research, comparative studies can be conducted between credit cooperatives and banks, as well as distinct cooperative profiles; validation of the data collection instrument (scale); among others.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los factores internos que influenciaron en las exportaciones de cacao en grano de las cooperativas y asociaciones de la región San Martín durante el período 2016 – 2019. A través de la revisión bibliográfica, se identificó que la asociatividad empresarial, los sistemas de información, la tecnología e infraestructura, y la capacidad gerencial como factores internos que podrían influenciar a las cooperativas y asociaciones en estudio. Cabe mencionar que, estos factores fueron validados por especialistas de la región. Al iniciar la investigación se tenía como hipótesis principal de que existen factores internos que influyen significativamente en las exportaciones de cacao en grano y como objetivo, analizar los principales factores internos del sector en estudio para la región San Martín. Se empleó la metodología CEPAL para demostrar el grado de las exportaciones de cacao en grano de la región, al analizar el período de estudio se identificó que las exportaciones de cacao en grano se encontraban estancadas, reforzando la relevancia del estudio. Para comprobar las hipótesis y objetivos planteados, se aplicó el modelo del análisis factorial, donde se pudo comprobar que la asociatividad empresarial y sistemas de información, como variables que no cumplían con el modelo. Por su lado, la infraestructura y tecnología, y capacidad gerencial demostraron alinearse con los objetivos e hipótesis planteados. Finalmente, se detalla que la asociatividad empresarial y sistemas de información son factores que no se han aplicado correctamente por parte de la asociaciones o cooperativas. / The present study aims to identify the internal factors that influenced the exports of cocoa beans from cooperatives and associations in the San Martín region during the period 2016 - 2019. Through the bibliographic review, it was identified that business associativity, information systems, technology and infrastructure, and managerial capacity as internal factors that could influence the cooperatives and associations on this study. It is worth mentioning that these factors were validated by specialists in the region. At the beginning of the investigation, the main hypothesis was that there are internal factors that significantly influence exports of cocoa beans and as an objective, to analyze the main internal factors of the sector under study for the San Martín region. The CEPAL methodology was used to demonstrate the degree of cocoa bean exports from the region. When analyzing the study period, it was identified that cocoa bean exports were stagnant, reinforcing the relevance of the study. ´ To check the hypotheses and objectives, the factor analysis model was applied, where it was possible to verify that the business associativity and information systems, as variables that did not comply with the model. On the other hand, the infrastructure and technology, and managerial capacity demonstrated to be aligned with the objectives and hypotheses raised. Finally, it is detailed that business associativity and information systems are factors that have not been applied correctly by associations or cooperatives. / Tesis

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / El propósito del presente estudio fue adaptar y validar la Escala de Tolerancia a la Frustración (Oliva et al., 2011) para su uso en población adolescente peruana. El muestreo fue intencional y se evaluó a 436 adolescentes quechuahablantes de Cusco y Apurímac, entre los 12 y 17 años de edad de ambos sexos. Se analizó la estructura factorial de la escala y su confiabilidad. Para esto, se aplicó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC), donde se dividió la muestra estadística de manera aleatoria en 206 y 230 participantes respectivamente. Los resultados evidencian que el AFE revela la unidimensionalidad de la escala con autovalores mayores a los generados por el azar y que explica el 44.5% de la varianza total. Asimismo, las cargas factoriales fueron mayores a 0.40 y el AFC corroboró esta estructura. El modelo evidenció satisfactorios y mejores índices de ajuste (CFI = 1.000; RMSEA = .000; SRMR = .049). El coeficiente de consistencia interna fue adecuado (ω = .67). Se concluye que, la traducción al quechua de la escala cuenta con evidencias preliminares para ser considerada una medida precisa, válida e invariante para evaluar la tolerancia a la frustración en adolescentes quechuahablantes peruanos. / The purpose of the present study was to adapt and validate the Frustration Tolerance Scale (Oliva et al., 2011) for its use in the Peruvian adolescent population. The sampling was intentional and 436 Quechua-speaking adolescents from Cusco and Apurímac, between 12 and 17 years of age of both sexes, were evaluated. The factorial structure of the scale and its reliability were analyzed. For this, the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied, where the statistical sample was randomly divided into 206 and 230 participants respectively. The results show that the EFA reveals the unidimensionality of the scale with eigenvalues ​​greater than those generated by chance and that it explains 44.5% of the total variance. Likewise, factor loadings were greater than 0.40 and the AFC corroborated this structure. The model showed satisfactory and better fit indices (CFI = 1,000; RMSEA = .000; SRMR = .049). The internal consistency coefficient was adequate (ω = .67). It is concluded that the Quechua translation of the scale has preliminary evidence to be considered a precise, valid and invariant measure to evaluate tolerance to frustration in Quechua-speaking Peruvian adolescents. / Tesis

FILHO, Wellington Ferreira da Silva. Condições de funcionamento do curso de graduação em geologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará: construtos a partir da percepção discente. 2011. 100 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Gestão da Educação Superior, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by moises gomes (celtinha_malvado@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-25T15:28:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_WFSFilho.pdf: 6606043 bytes, checksum: 9d74598fe2a3f209d12fe638ec38d3a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-26T15:28:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_WFSFilho.pdf: 6606043 bytes, checksum: 9d74598fe2a3f209d12fe638ec38d3a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-26T15:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_WFSFilho.pdf: 6606043 bytes, checksum: 9d74598fe2a3f209d12fe638ec38d3a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / The aim of this research is to determine a relationship structure of variables that describe the operating conditions of the Graduate Course of Geology (Universidade Federal do Ceará), using the student’s perceptions. In order to achieve this, it was designed an evaluation trough 22 closed ended questions, answered in a four grade perception scale, from negative to positive. The questions were organized in five evaluative dimensions. The answers of 76 questionnaires allowed the characterization of course dimensions regarded as strengths: Professor Staff, Technical-Administrative Personal Staff, and Curriculum general characteristics. The dimensions regarded as weaknesses were: Infrastructure and aspects included in Curriculum as class schedules, scholarship and traineeship opportunities. An exploratory factorial analysis was conducted and resulted in four perception constructs involving 15 variables: Coordination Course, Students Progression, Infrastructure of Instruction and Acquaintance, and Professional Formation. Students Progression revealed itself a central construct in the relationship structure, linking with all the others constructs and some of the factorial analysis excluded variables. These relationships allowed the identification and suggestion of indicators that could provide measures to process monitoring and course improvement. / O objetivo fundamental deste trabalho é determinar uma estrutura de relacionamentos de variáveis que descrevem as condições de funcionamento do Curso de Graduação em Geologia da UFC, dentro de um arcabouço de percepções sob a ótica de discentes. Para tanto, foi concebida uma avaliação através de 22 perguntas fechadas, respondidas através de uma escala com quatro graus percepção, de negativa a positiva. As perguntas foram organizadas em cinco dimensões de avaliação. As respostas de 76 questionários permitiram a caracterização das dimensões Corpo Docente, Corpo Técnico-Administrativo e parte da Estrutura Curricular (características gerais) como pontos fortes, enquanto que a dimensão Infraestrutura e aspectos como horário das disciplinas e oportunidades de bolsas e estágios incluídos na dimensão Estrutura Curricular foram considerados como pontos fracos. Uma análise fatorial exploratória identificou quatro construtos relacionados a essas percepções, envolvendo 15 variáveis: Coordenação; Progressão Discente; Infraestrutura de Ensino e Convivência, e; Formação Profissional. Dentre estes, o fator Progressão Discente revelou-se central na estrutura de relações, articulando-se com todos os outros construtos e algumas variáveis excluídas da análise fatorial. Esses relacionamentos permitiram a identificação e sugestão de parâmetros-chave ou indicadores que forneçam medidas para o monitoramento dos processos e aperfeiçoamento do curso.

A sobrevivência de recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso (RNPT MBP) aumentou marcadamente nas últimas décadas, mas não acompanhada por redução das taxas de morbidade relacionadas à prematuridade. O parto prematuro é apontado como um importante fator de desajuste no equilíbrio emocional materno e nas suas relações familiares e sociais. O prejuízo emocional materno representa potencial risco ao desenvolvimento neuropsicológico da criança. Mães de RNPT MBP apresentam maior incidência de sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, bem como pior percepção de bem-estar, do que mães de recém-nascidos a termo (RNT). No entanto, ainda é pouco conhecida a associação entre as comorbidades relacionadas à prematuridade (displasia broncopulmonar, retinopatia e hemorragia peri-intraventricular) e a intensidade de sintomas depressivos maternos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a intensidade de sintomas depressivos em mães de RNPT MBP durante 36 meses após o parto e sua possível associação com características sociodemográficas, clínicas e qualidade de vida das mães e com características clínicas dos RNPT MBP. Setenta e cinco mães de RNPT (≤ 34 semanas de idade gestacional) MBP (peso ao nascer ≤ 1.500g) internados numa unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal (UTIN) participaram de um estudo longitudinal e responderam ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) e ao WHOQOL-abreviado, em seis momentos ao longo de 36 meses após o parto. A análise fatorial foi utilizada para identificar possíveis clusters do IDB e a regressão linear múltipla para avaliar a contribuição de cada variável independente na variação do escore global do IDB. A análise fatorial do IDB identificou a presença de dois fatores: baixa autoestima / insatisfação e sintomas somáticos. As medianas dos escores do IDB foram maiores (p = 0,03) no momento da alta materna (9,0; 0-56) em comparação com os obtidos 6 meses pós-parto (6,0; 0-27), mantendo-se estáveis com doze (5,0; 0-36), dezoito (7,0; 0-33), 24 (7,0; 0-33) e 36 (6,5; 0-34) meses. As medianas dos escores do cluster sintomas somáticos foram maiores (p = 0,00) no momento da alta materna (6,0; 0-23) e aos seis meses (5,0; 0-17) do que doze (4,0; 0-11), dezoito (3,0; 0-13), 24 (3,5; 0-16) e 36 (3,0; 0-15) meses após o parto. Os modelos da regressão explicaram grande parte da variação dos escores do IDB em todos os períodos do estudo (0,19 ≤ R2 ajustado ≤ 0,64; p < 0,01). Os domínios do WHOQOL-abreviado (físico, psicológico, social e meio ambiente) foram as variáveis que explicaram as variações do escore global do IDB (-0,34 ≤β≤-0,12; p < 0,01). Mães de RNPT MBP apresentaram maior intensidade de sintomas depressivos no momento da sua alta hospitalar. A presença de sintomas depressivos associa-se, sobretudo, com pior qualidade de vida em mães de RNPT MBP. / The survival rate of very low birth weight preterm infants (VLBW) has increased markedly in recent decades but has not been accompanied by a reduction in prematurity related morbidities. Preterm birth is reported as an important factor of imbalance in maternal emotional health and in their family and social relationships. Maternal emotional impairment represents a potential risk to child's neuropsychological development. Mothers of VLBW infants have a higher incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms as well as a worse perception of well-being than mothers and full-term infants. However, the association between comorbidities related to prematurity (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy and peri-intraventricular hemorrhage) and the severity of maternal depressive symptoms are still unknown. The objective of the present study was to verify the intensity of depressive symptoms in mothers of VLBW infants for 36 months after delivery and its possible association with mothers’ quality of life and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and with VLBW infants’ clinical characteristics. Seventy five mothers of VLBW infants (≤ 34 gestational age weeks and birth weight ≤ 1,500g) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) participated in a longitudinal study and responded to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and WHOQOL-Bref, at six times over 36 months postpartum. The factorial analysis was used to identify possible BDI clusters and multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the contribution of each independent variable in the variation of the overall BDI score. The BDI factorial analysis identified the presence of two factors: low self-esteem / dissatisfaction and somatic symptoms. Mothers’ median BDI scores were higher (p = 0.03) at discharge (9.0; 0-56) than 6 months postpartum (6.0; 0-27) and remained stable with twelve (5.0, 0-36), eighteen (7.0, 0-33), 24 (7.0, 0-33) and 36 (6.5, 0-34) months. The somatic symptoms cluster meadian scores were higher (p = 0.00) at the time of maternal discharge (6.0, 0-23) and at six months (5.0; 0-17) than twelve (4, 0, 0-11), eighteen (3.0; 0-13), 24 (3.5; 0-16) and 36 (3,0; 0-15) months postpartum. The regression models explained a large part of the BDI scores variation in all study periods (0.19 ≤ adjusted R2 ≤ 0.64, p <0.01). The WHOQOL-Bref domains (physical, psychological, social and environment) were the variables that explained the variations in the overall BDI scores (-0.34 ≤β≤-0.12; p <0.01). Mothers of VLBW infants present greater intensity of depressive symptoms at the moment of their hospital discharge. The presence of depressive symptoms is mainly associated with poorer quality of life in VLBW infants’ mothers. / Tese (Doutorado)

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-05-22T16:48:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro de Braganca Corat.pdf: 1262846 bytes, checksum: 6f3985beb7935ef79a7ae5bad539f9c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T16:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro de Braganca Corat.pdf: 1262846 bytes, checksum: 6f3985beb7935ef79a7ae5bad539f9c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / Fans of sports team gets excited, interacts with others fans, buys to show their belonginess on that social group. However not necessarily this actions means that the individual is really a fan, that celebrates victories and suffers on losses. What difference a fan of a well-wishing is the love to the team (adapted from brand love) and the level of identification. The research, so, intended, at first, to measure the brand love differences between Brazilians fans of national teams and of foreigner teams. Likewise, intended to understand the differences on team identification and purchase intention on these same groups. That distinction is necessary because some numbers shows that Brazilians interest in foreigner teams and diverse sports is growing, so the research wished to investigate if there are Brazilians really being fans of foreigner teams or if they are just enthusiasts. The theoretical concepts that sustained the study were brand love, team identification and purchase intention as a consequent of both. A confirmatory factorial analysis and a structural equation modeling were applied. Results showed that there are no differences between brand love and team identification on Brazilians fans of national teams and Brazilian fans of foreigner teams. The last group’s purchase intention was bigger, by the way. / A torcida de times esportivos se emociona, interage com os demais e consome como forma de exibir seu pertencimento àquele grupo social. Porém não necessariamente a realização destas ações significa que o indivíduo é realmente um torcedor, que celebra as vitórias e sofre nas derrotas. O que diferencia torcedores de simpatizantes é o amor ao time, adaptado do brand love (amor à marca) e o grau de identificação com este. A pesquisa, então, pretendeu, em um primeiro momento, mensurar as diferenças entre o brand love de torcedores brasileiros a times nacionais e a times estrangeiros. Igualmente se objetivou entender as diferenças nestes mesmos grupos à identificação com o time e à intenção de compra. Tal distinção se fez necessária pelo fato de alguns números mostrarem o aumento do interesse de brasileiros por times estrangeiros e modalidades variadas, então se pretendeu investigar se há realmente brasileiros torcendo para times estrangeiros ou se são apenas entusiastas. Os conceitos teóricos que ampararam o estudo são o brand love, a identificação com o time e a intenção de compra como consequência a ambos. Foi aplicada análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais. Os resultados mostraram que não existe diferenças entre o brand love e a identificação com o time para torcedores de times nacionais e de times estrangeiros, o que comprova a existência de brasileiros que são realmente torcedores de times de fora do país. A intenção de compra deste grupo se mostrou maior, inclusive.

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La presente investigación tiene por objetivo, exponer los factores que hacen necesaria la implementación de Business Intelligence con el fin de mejorar la toma de decisiones, que influyen directamente en la eficiencia de los procesos operativos de importación del sector Diagnóstica. Esta investigación se divide en 5 capítulos, en las que se usó el método científico detallado en el libro Metodología de la Investigación, el cual presenta a la investigación como un proceso sistemático, los capítulos están comprendidos por marco teórico, plan de investigación, metodología, desarrollo y aplicación, y análisis de los resultados. Asimismo, se busca identificar que, con esta herramienta informática, se podrá tener la posibilidad de mejorar los procesos operativos de importación. Para finalizar, se comprobará la relación existente entre las dos variables estudiadas Business Intelligence para la mejor toma de decisiones y la eficiencia de los Procesos Operativos, con el fin optimizar la cadena de valor y presentar una herramienta de innovación para el mundo de los negocios internacionales. Para ello, se realizaron análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos, y se empleó la herramienta de SPSS para mostrar el Análisis Factorial y Discriminante. / The objective of this research is to expose the factors that make it necessary to implement Business Intelligence in order to improve decision making, which directly influence the efficiency of the importation processes of the Diagnostic sector. This research is divided into 5 chapters, in which the scientific method detailed in the book Methodology of Research was used, which presents research as a systematic process, the chapters are comprised by theoretical framework, research plan, methodology, development and application, and analysis of results. Likewise, it is sought to identify that, with this computer tool, it will be possible to have the possibility of improving the import operational processes. Finally, the relationship between the two variables studied Business Intelligence for the best decision making and the efficiency of the Operational Processes will be verified, in order to optimize the value chain and present an innovation tool for the world of international business. For this, quantitative and qualitative analyzes were carried out, and the SPSS tool was used to show the Factorial and Discriminant Analysis / Tesis

Le présent travail de thèse aborde la problématique des effets de pairs en contexte scolaire. A partir de l’analyse détaillée d’une large base des données issue d’une enquête nationale au Chili (SIMCE 2004), on s’interroge sur les mécanismes qui véhiculent les influences entre élèves différemment dotés d’un point de vue de leurs capitaux culturels, humains et scolaires. Ces influences sembleraient présentes sur différents résultats à l’école, y compris ceux de type académique. Considérant la littérature produite sous différentes approches disciplinaires —sociologie, économie, psychologie sociale et sciences de l’éducation — on s’attarde sur les manières d’identifier et de mesurer lesdits effets de pairs. En même temps, on considère la présence de dimensions subjectives capables d’exprimer, en partie, le vécu scolaire des élèves. Ces dimensions seraient, par ailleurs, reliées à la présence des pairs et aux interactions entre élèves. De manière additionnelle, on propose une révision de la littérature sur le système scolaire au Chili, notamment sur sa segmentation socio-scolaire et sa relation avec le mécanisme de vouchers. Dans ce cadre, trois interrogations principales organisent ce travail. D’une part, l’existence ou non d’un impact net sur les acquis scolaires des pratiques d’étude faisant appel aux camarades. Ensuite, la présence probable des influences sous la forme des « transferts des capitaux » entre élèves différemment dotés et déclarant pratiquer l’entraide. Enfin, les relations qui s’avèrent visibles entre ces pratiques et des dimensions telles que le bien-être à l’école ou le concept du soi académique, mais aussi, entre ces dernières et les acquis scolaires. Une séquence d’analyses est entreprise visant à donner des bases robustes aux éventuelles réponses à ces questions. Entre autres, différentes séries d’analyses de régression hiérarchique et par quantiles ont été conduites sur quatre disciplines scolaires. Les principaux résultats de recherche indiquent, d’un côté, que les interactions entre élèves sont assez répandues en milieux scolaire (entre 22% et 41% en moyenne), mais leur proportion varie d’une discipline à l’autre et selon la direction qui prend l’aide. Plus encore, ces interactions sont significativement liées aux résultats scolaires. A conditions comparables, les élèves académiquement faibles gagnent à être aidés par leurs camarades, quelque soit la discipline concernée. En même temps, les élèves qui aident leurs camarades montrent toujours un profil académique fortement associé à des gains de score assez importants. D’un autre côté, on trouve que les élèves possédant plus de capital culturel ont, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, de plus fortes chances de déclarer aider leurs camarades. Enfin, les analyses confirment que les interactions entre élèves sont, de manière importante et significative, liées aux sentiments de bien-être à l’école et au concept de soi académique. La construction d’indices pertinents pour ces derniers est, d’ailleurs, discutée. Différents résultats secondaires ont été aussi produits et discutés, notamment la confirmation, pour la première fois dans le cas chilien, des hypothèses associées au paradigme BFLPE (Marsh, 1987). Ces résultats sont discutés dans leurs probables conséquences en termes de politique éducative, notamment dans le cadre des systèmes éducatifs à forte ségrégation sociale et scolaire. / This Thesis addresses the issue of peer-effects in the context of school. From analysis of a large database produced by a Chilean national study (SIMCE 2004), this work investigates the mechanisms through which pupils with different levels of scholastic, human and cultural capital influence each other. These influences seem present for a diverse range of school outcomes, including academic achievement. Drawing on the literature produced by different disciplinary approaches —sociology, economics, social psychology and education— the study focuses on ways of identifying and measuring peer-effects. The presence of subjective dimensions capable of reflecting, in part, the school experience of pupils is also taken into consideration. Beside, those dimensions are connected both with peers presence and peer interactions. In addition, the thesis re-examines the existing literature on the Chilean school system, including its social and academic segregation and its relationship with the voucher system. Within this framework, three main points of interrogation organize this work. First, whether study practices which involve peer assistance have a clear impact on standardized school test scores. Second, the likely presence of influences, —in the form of “capitals transfers”— between pupils with different backgrounds who practice peer assistance. Finally, the visible relationships between peer assistance and feelings of well-being at school or academic self-concept, but also, between the latter and school achievement. A sequence of analysis was undertaken out to provide robust foundations for possible answers to those questions. Among other things, different sets of hierarchical and quantile regression analysis were conducted in four school subjects. The main research findings show, on the one hand, that peer assistance between pupils is fairly widespread in the school context (between 22% and 41% in average) but its prevalence varies according to the subjects and the directionality of the assistance. Further, those peer assistance is significantly related at school achievement. In all subjects and at similar conditions, poor achievers benefit from help by their classmates. At the same time, those that help their classmates always showed a strong academic profile related to the higher and greater gains in test scores. In the other hand, we find that pupils with more cultural capital, all other things held constant, are more likely to report help other pupils. Finally, this research confirms that the relationship peer assistance and feelings of school well-being and academic self-concept is large and significant. Several secondary findings were also produced and discussed, including confirmation, for the first time in Chilean case, of the hypothesis associated with the paradigm BFLPE (Marsh, 1987). Those results are discussed with regard for their probable consequences in terms of educational policy, particularly in systems with high academic and social segregation.