Öffentlich Private Partnerschaften (ÖPPs) haben in den letzten zehn bis fünfzehn Jahren in Deutschland einen beachtlichen Stellenwert erreicht. Auch zukünftig ist aufgrund der Finanzkrise der Kommunen mit einem weiteren Bedeutungszuwachs zu rechnen. Damit ÖPPs die von der öffentlichen Hand gewünschten Vorteile mit sich bringen können, wie zum Beispiel die Entlastung des öffentlichen Haushalts oder Effizienzsteigerungen, sollten sie im Vorfeld und im Tagesgeschäft aktiv und umsichtig begleitet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ergibt sich der Ansatzpunkt für die Themenstellung der Dissertation sowie angesichts der Erkenntnis, dass bisher noch keine umfassend fundierten und systematischen Untersuchungen vorliegen, welche die bestehenden Praxiserfahrungen mit ÖPPs mit anwendbaren Theorien in Verbindung setzen und Entscheidungshilfen für öffentliche Akteure ableiten. Aufgrund der verschiedenen möglichen Ausprägungsformen wurde eine Eingrenzung des Themas auf institutionelle ÖPPs auf kommunaler Ebene vorgenommen. Die Untersuchung beginnt mit der Auseinandersetzung der Grundlagen zu ÖPPs, um ein generelles Verständnis für dieses Themengebiet zu schaffen. Nachdem der Begriff erläutert und Merkmale von ÖPPs herausgearbeitet wurden, erfolgt eine Abgrenzung zwischen vertraglichen und institutionellen ÖPPs. Daraufhin werden mögliche Motive der öffentlichen und privaten Seite beim Eingehen einer solchen Partnerschaft aufgeführt sowie erste mögliche Chancen und Risiken skizziert. Im Anschluss erfolgt mit Hilfe der wissenschaftlichen Theorie des Neuen Institutionalismus eine vertiefende Analyse zu institutionellen ÖPPs. Dabei schließt sich die Dissertation an die von Mayntz und Scharpf vorgenommene Einteilung in einen ökonomischen, (organisations-) soziologischen und politikwissenschaftlichen Neo-Institutionalismus an. Der Neue Ökonomische Institutionalismus wurde anhand der drei Teillehren Transaktionskostentheorie, Prinzipal-Agent-Theorie und Theorie der Verfügungsrechte untersucht. Zunächst werden theoretische Erkenntnisse zu den einzelnen Theorien herausgearbeitet und erste Schlussfolgerungen für institutionelle ÖPPs gezogen. Daraus werden nachfolgend Untersuchungskriterien in Form von Fragestellungen für den späteren Fallstudienvergleich entwickelt. Nach Abschluss des Theorieteils erfolgt eine Betrachtung institutioneller ÖPPs aus realer empirischer Sicht. Hierzu werden Fallstudien vorgestellt und an den Untersuchungskriterien, welche aus den einzelnen Theorien abgeleitet wurden, gespiegelt. Zuerst werden recherchierte Fallstudien analysiert, beginnend mit den Teilprivatisierungen der Stadtentwässerung Dresden GmbH und der Stadtwerke Görlitz AG, bei denen sich die Zusammenarbeit wohl positiv entwickelt. Als Negativbeispiel wird dann auf die Privatisierung der Wasserversorgung von Grenoble und ihre spätere Rekommunalisierung eingegangen. Im folgenden Schritt werden Fallstudien aus den realen Erfahrungen des Verfassers diskutiert. Hierbei bildet die Teilprivatisierung und anschließende Rekommunalisierung des Wasserbetriebes in Potsdam den Schwerpunkt. Ergänzt wird dies durch die Darstellung der positiven Zusammenarbeit mit dem privaten Gesellschafter bei der Energie und Wasser Potsdam GmbH. Abschließend werden die anfänglichen Probleme zwischen Kommune und Privat bei der teilprivatisierten STEP Stadtentsorgung Potsdam untersucht und aufgezeigt, wie die Partnerschaft zum Vorteil der öffentlichen Seite verändert wurde. Aus dem Vergleich von Theorie und Praxis konnten wissenschaftlich fundierte Schlussfolgerungen für institutionelle ÖPPs gezogen und Erfolgsfaktoren für das Gelingen einer solchen Kooperation abgeleitet werden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden in Form von Thesen zusammengefasst und dienen als Basis für die Ableitung von Handlungsempfehlungen für kommunale Akteure beim Eingehen einer institutionellen ÖPP. Zu Beginn erfolgt eine Darstellung der Empfehlungen, die sich aus den Untersuchungskriterien der jeweiligen Theorien ergeben haben. Nachfolgend wird diese Betrachtung erweitert, indem näher auf die wesentlichen Phasen des Entscheidungsfindungsprozesses eingegangen und eine Untersetzung dieser Phasen mit den erarbeiteten Handlungsempfehlungen vorgenommen wird. Auf diese Weise kann den kommunalen Entscheidungsträgern eine sehr praxisnahe Hilfestellung gegeben werden. Insgesamt betrachtet, geht aus der Dissertation ein umfangreicher, fundierter und sehr praxisrelevanter Leitfaden hervor, der wichtige Anhaltspunkte für das Eingehen einer institutionellen ÖPP im kommunalen Bereich gibt. Aus der Spiegelung von Theorie und Praxis werden wertvolle Hinweise abgeleitet, wodurch insbesondere deutlich wird, an welchen Stellen sich die öffentliche Seite absichern sollte. Darüber hinaus können die kommunalen Entscheidungsträger durch die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sensibilisiert und ihr Blick für den individuellen Fall geschärft werden. Letztendlich werden dadurch wichtige Voraussetzungen geschaffen, um ein solches Vorhaben zum Erfolg zu führen. / In the past ten to fifteen years, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become considerably important. It is also due to the financial crisis, that even in future a further growth is expected in the municipalities. To ensure that the PPPs, which add such desired advantages like reduction of costs for the public budget or increasing the efficiency of the public entity, they should be actively and carefully guided prior to its formation as well as during the day-to-day business. This dissertation is based on this context while considering that up to date there have not been any well-founded and systematic researches connecting the existing practical experience with applicable theory and from which advice can be derived for the decision-makers in the public sector. Because of the several formats that are possible, the subject has been limited with a focus on institutional PPPs at municipal level. The research begins with the explanation of the basics of PPPs, offering a general understanding of this subject. The explanation of the concept and the elaboration of the characteristics of PPPs, are then followed by the definition of contractual and institutional PPPs. The possible motives for entering such a partnership on both sides, public and private, are shown on a list as well as an outline of the possible prospects and risks. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis on institutional PPPs is presented, which is based on scientific theory on new institutionalism. For this purpose, the dissertation is linked up with the economical, (organisational) sociological and political scientific classification by Mayntz and Scharpf. The new economic institutionalism was researched with the help of the three part-theories: transaction cost theory, principal agent theory and property rights theory. To begin with, the theoretical perception of each individual theory is developed and first deductions for institutional PPPs are reached. Based on this, the development of research criteria follows, depicted as questions that may arise for comparing future case studies. The conclusion of the theoretical part is followed by a contemplation of institutional PPPs, from an empirical point of view. For this purpose, case studies are presented and reflected onto the research criteria, which had been derived from each individual theory. To begin with, the researched case studies are analysed, starting with the partial privatisation of the Stadtentwässerung Dresden GmbH (Dresden’s municipal water drainage company) and the Stadtwerke Görlitz AG (public utility company of Görlitz), where the collaboration is actually developing in a positive manner. A negative example is depicted in the privatisation of the waterworks of Grenoble and its subsequent reversion to a fully municipal service. In the following step, case studies from the authors’ actual experience are discussed. In this case, the focus is placed on the partial privatisation and the subsequent reversion to its municipal status of the waterworks of Potsdam. This is complemented by the portrayal of the positive collaboration between the private partner and Energie und Wasser Potsdam GmbH (Potsdam’s energy and water company). Subsequently, the initial problems that arose during the partial privatisation STEP Stadtentsorgung Potsdam (municipal waste management of Potsdam) between the municipality and the private sector are researched, depicting the positive changes in the partnership, which evolved in favour of the public sector. Founded conclusions for the institutional PPPs were arrived at based on the comparison between theory and practice, and scientific and positive factors for the success of such a co-operation were derived. The knowledge thus gained is summarised in the form of theses, and serve as a basis for the derivation of advice for course of action for municipal decision-makers when entering into an institutional PPP. At the beginning, a portrayal of the advice that is derived from the individual theories is given. This observation is broadened by taking a closer look at the substantial phases of the decision-making process, and by condensing such phases by applying the decision-making advice that has been derived. In this manner the municipal decision-makers are given sound practical advice. Considering the dissertation as a whole, it offers a complete, founded and sound practical guideline, which includes important criteria for entering into institutional PPPs in the municipal sector. From the reflection between theory and practice valuable hints are derived, through which it becomes especially clear which points the public side should secure. Furthermore, the municipal decision-makers can become sensitised by the knowledge gained and sharpen their senses for each individual case. Finally, important conditions are created to ensure the success of such a project.

O Balanced Scorecard, desde o seu surgimento, tem se mostrado uma excelente ferramenta de gestão da estratégia nas organizações em que vem sendo implantado. A sua focalização em perspectivas, faz com que os esforços de todos os colaboradores sejam direcionados aos fatores críticos de sucesso das organizações. Neste sentido, é sabido que as empresas familiares, de um modo geral, apresentam sérios problemas de gestão, sendo agravados, quando a empresa é uma indústria. Desta forma, no desenvolver desta dissertação, estudam-se as características das empresas familiares, as características da indústria brasileira e, demonstra-se, como o Balanced Scorecard associado ao Planejamento Estratégico podem ajudar na gestão destas empresas. Ao final, propõe-se um método de implementação de BSC para Empresas Industriais Familiares Brasileiras, com a demonstração de aplicabilidade, através de um caso prático. / The Balanced Scorecard, since its beginning, has been an excellent tool of strategy management in the organizations which have had it implemented. With its focus on perspective, the effort of all collaborators is led to decisive factors of success in the organizations. In this sense, it is known that family-run businesses, in general, present serious management problems, which are aggravated when the company is an industry. Thus, in developing this dissertation, the characteristics of family-run businesses and the characteristics of the Brazilian industry are studied, and it is demonstrated how the Balanced Scorecard associated with the Strategy Planning can help to manage those companies. In the end, a method of implementation of BSC for Brazilian Family-run Industrial Companies is proposed with a demonstration of applicability through a practical case.

O Balanced Scorecard, desde o seu surgimento, tem se mostrado uma excelente ferramenta de gestão da estratégia nas organizações em que vem sendo implantado. A sua focalização em perspectivas, faz com que os esforços de todos os colaboradores sejam direcionados aos fatores críticos de sucesso das organizações. Neste sentido, é sabido que as empresas familiares, de um modo geral, apresentam sérios problemas de gestão, sendo agravados, quando a empresa é uma indústria. Desta forma, no desenvolver desta dissertação, estudam-se as características das empresas familiares, as características da indústria brasileira e, demonstra-se, como o Balanced Scorecard associado ao Planejamento Estratégico podem ajudar na gestão destas empresas. Ao final, propõe-se um método de implementação de BSC para Empresas Industriais Familiares Brasileiras, com a demonstração de aplicabilidade, através de um caso prático. / The Balanced Scorecard, since its beginning, has been an excellent tool of strategy management in the organizations which have had it implemented. With its focus on perspective, the effort of all collaborators is led to decisive factors of success in the organizations. In this sense, it is known that family-run businesses, in general, present serious management problems, which are aggravated when the company is an industry. Thus, in developing this dissertation, the characteristics of family-run businesses and the characteristics of the Brazilian industry are studied, and it is demonstrated how the Balanced Scorecard associated with the Strategy Planning can help to manage those companies. In the end, a method of implementation of BSC for Brazilian Family-run Industrial Companies is proposed with a demonstration of applicability through a practical case.

O Balanced Scorecard, desde o seu surgimento, tem se mostrado uma excelente ferramenta de gestão da estratégia nas organizações em que vem sendo implantado. A sua focalização em perspectivas, faz com que os esforços de todos os colaboradores sejam direcionados aos fatores críticos de sucesso das organizações. Neste sentido, é sabido que as empresas familiares, de um modo geral, apresentam sérios problemas de gestão, sendo agravados, quando a empresa é uma indústria. Desta forma, no desenvolver desta dissertação, estudam-se as características das empresas familiares, as características da indústria brasileira e, demonstra-se, como o Balanced Scorecard associado ao Planejamento Estratégico podem ajudar na gestão destas empresas. Ao final, propõe-se um método de implementação de BSC para Empresas Industriais Familiares Brasileiras, com a demonstração de aplicabilidade, através de um caso prático. / The Balanced Scorecard, since its beginning, has been an excellent tool of strategy management in the organizations which have had it implemented. With its focus on perspective, the effort of all collaborators is led to decisive factors of success in the organizations. In this sense, it is known that family-run businesses, in general, present serious management problems, which are aggravated when the company is an industry. Thus, in developing this dissertation, the characteristics of family-run businesses and the characteristics of the Brazilian industry are studied, and it is demonstrated how the Balanced Scorecard associated with the Strategy Planning can help to manage those companies. In the end, a method of implementation of BSC for Brazilian Family-run Industrial Companies is proposed with a demonstration of applicability through a practical case.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPiTULO 1.pdf: 173170 bytes, checksum: 0870a0dee1d35604d39e39a3d4d077e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / As transformações ocorridas nos últimos anos têm provocado inovações de ordem empresarial e organizacional, com novas formas de atuação das empresas. Nos dias de hoje, muito se discute a respeito da atuação das empresas de forma conjunta e associada, principalmente para as micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) se tornou prática fundamental para o sucesso. Dessa forma, os conceitos de redes empresariais, como aglomerados produtivos, constituem-se em importante fonte de competitividade que demanda a mobilização de todos os segmentos da sociedade. Parte-se então do pressuposto de que a constituição de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) fornece elementos que podem resultar na solução dos gargalos existentes. No Espírito Santo são verificadas algumas formações industriais que vêm sendo referência para a caracterização de possíveis APLs organizados. Estudar tais formações, fornecendo informações relevantes e identificando suas condições de competitividade sistêmica contribui para o maior conhecimento e no direcionamento de políticas de desenvolvimento. O Índice de Condições de Competitividade (ICC) buscou refletir características dos APLs selecionados, com o objetivo de diagnosticar as condições de competitividade de cada um deles utilizando, para isso, um conjunto de Fatores Críticos de Sucesso. / The occured transformations in recent years have provoked innovations in the orders enterprise and organizacional, with new forms of performance of the companies. Nowadays, much argues regarding the performance of the companies of joint form and associate, mainly for the micron and small companies if became practical basic for the success. Of this form, the concepts of enterprise ne ts, as productive accumulations, consist in important source of competitiveness that demand the mobilization of all the segments of the society. The hypothesis is that the constitution of local productive arrangements (LPAs) supplies elements that can result in the solution of the existing deficiencies. In the Espírito Santo some industrial formations are verified that come being reference for the characterization of possible LPAs organized. To study such formations, supplying excellent information and identifying its conditions of competitiveness contributes for the biggest knowledge and in the aiming of development politics. The Index of Conditions of Competitiveness (ICC) searched to reflect characteristics of the LPAs selected, with the objective to diagnosis the conditions of competitiveness of each one of them using, for this, a set of Critical Factors of Success.

Domestic violence is classified as a widespread and a serious problem in society. The aim of the study was to look into possible challenges and factors of success experienced by employees within the Police Authority and the importance of victim participation in the investigation process of cases related to domestic violence in several police areas. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six different investigators at the investigation section focused on domestic violence at the Police Authority. The material was analyzed through a qualitative content analysis and linked to previous research as well as the theory of normalization of violence. The result showed challenges such as a lack of resources, where more investigators, child interrogators, IT forensics and administrative staff are desired to be able to meet the high workload. Further identified challenges are linked to confidentiality between authorities and other actors. The victim's participation in the investigation process is considered to be decisive unless other evidence is available in order to conduct an effective investigation and obtain a conviction in the case. / Våld i nära relationer klassas som ett omfattande och allvarligt samhällsproblem. Syftet med studien var att undersöka eventuella utmaningar och framgångsfaktorer som upplevdes av anställda inom Polismyndigheten samt vilken betydelse offrens medverkan har i utredningsprocessen av ärenden gällande våld i nära relationer i flera polisområden. Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex olika utredare på utredningssektionen BINR (brott i nära relation) hos Polismyndigheten. Materialet analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och kopplades till tidigare forskning samt teorin om normaliseringsprocessen. Resultatet visade på utmaningar i form av främst resursbrist, där fler utredare, barnförhörsledare samt specialkompetenser såsom IT-forensiker och administrativ personal önskades för att kunna möta den höga arbetsbelastningen. Vidare identifierades utmaningar kopplat till sekretess mellan myndigheter och andra aktörer. Offrets medverkan i utredningsprocessen ansågs vara avgörande om inte annan stödbevisning fanns, för att kunna bedriva en effektiv utredning och få en fällande dom i ärendet.

Denna uppsats, författad av Joakim Edstrand och William Lydahl vid Luleå tekniska universitet, ämnar att utforska de agila utvecklingsmetodernas mest avgörande faktorer för ett lyckat resultat. Agila utvecklingsmetoder blir allt mer populära och lika så kunskapshantering, men exakt hur kan teorin kring kunskapshantering vara behjälplig till att mitigering de faktorer som påverkar lyckandet av agila IT-projekt negativt? Syftet med denna undersökning är att identifiera vilka faktorer som har störst påverkan på ett agilt IT-projekts framgång, och hur bristerna i agila utvecklingsmetoder, eller problemen som ofta uppstår, kan mitigeras med hjälp av kunskapshantering. Denna rapport siktar på att uppnå dessa mål genom att intervjua personer med diverse erfaren- heter av agila metoder och utifrån empirin skapa en sammanfattning av resultaten som därefter analyseras med målet att svara på forskningsfrågorna och dra eventuella slutsatser. / This thesis, authored by Joakim Edstrand and William Lydahl at Luleå University of Technology, aims to explore the agile development methods' most crucial factors for a successful result. Agile development methods are increasing in popularity, and likewise knowledge management, but exactly how can the theory surrounding knowledge management be helpful to mitigating the factors that affect the success of agile IT-projects negatively? The purpose of this investigation is to identify which factors that have the largest impact on an agile IT-projects success, and how the flaws in agile development methods, or the problems which often occur, can be mitigated with the help of knowledge management. This report aims to achieve these goals by interviewing individuals with diverse experiences in agile methodology. Based on the empirical data, a summary of the results will be created, which will then be analyzed with the goal of addressing the research questions and drawing potential conclusions.

The impementation of the Strategic Analysis of Bonatrans, a. s. is the main object of the Diploma Thesis. The firm is operating in the market as a supplier of the railway components. Due to the worldwide scope of activities of the firm, the Thesis is focused on the External analysis with the emphasis on the opportunities and threats seeking, arising from the increasing globalization, the high degree of international integration and the changes in the Railway Indusry Sector. The Thesis comprises The International Business Sector Analyis, Competitive Analysis and it takes into account the population growth, urbanization and the impact of climatic change and technological revolution. The practical part of the Thesis is fully based on the theoretical part. After determining the Business Factors of Success and Cmpetitive advantage the Strategic Recommendations for further development of the company are established.

Die Begriffe Energiewende, Energieautarkie, Bioenergieregionen, nachhaltige Energieversorgung und Energieautonomie genießen in den aktuellen Debatten zum Thema Energiepolitik eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit. Die Energieversorgung in Deutschland muss sich in Zukunft nach Einschätzung der Bundesregierung und der Fachwelt grundlegend ändern, um den Ansprüchen von Versorgungssicherheit, Umweltverträglichkeit und der Bezahlbarkeit genügen zu können. Das Konzept der Energieautonomie bzw. Energieautarkie kann diese Ansprüche am geeignetsten zusammenführen. Den Kommunen kommt bei der Energiewende eine besondere Rolle zu, da hier die Ursachen- und Wirkungszusammenhänge des menschlichen Handelns durch deren Kleinräumigkeit eng mit einander verbunden sind. Bisher ist die Frage nach Erfolgsfaktoren und hemmenden Faktoren von Energieautonomieprozessen noch relativ wenig erforscht. Im Zentrum dieser primär empirischen Arbeit steht daher die Frage, welche hemmende und fördernde Faktoren für die Durchführung einer kommunalen, energiepolitischen Transformation mit dem Ziel der Energieautonomie auf der Basis von 100% Erneuerbare Energien existieren. Der Fokus dieser Untersuchung liegt dabei auf dem Freistaat Sachsen, in welchem bisher keine Kommune eine vollständige Umsetzung des Konzeptes der Energieautonomie erreichen konnte. In einem ersten Schritt wurde mittels der Analyse von bereits zu dem Thema vorliegenden Leitfäden mögliche fördernde und hemmende Faktoren herausgearbeitet und strukturiert. Diese wurden in einem zweiten Schritt durch Experteninterviews ergänzt und zusammengeführt. Eine zweite Interviewrunde mit Akteuren aus fünf Beispielkommunen in Sachsen überprüfte im Anschluss daran, welche dieser Faktoren wirksam sind. Als Resultat dieser empirischen Forschungsarbeit konnten fünf fördernde und ein hemmender Faktor für die Entwicklung kommunaler Energieautonomieprozesse identifiziert und daraus Handlungsanweisungen für die Politik und interessierten Akteuren für eine Ausdehnung der energiepolitischen Bestrebungen in Richtung Energieautonomie abgeleitet werden.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPiTULO 1.pdf: 173170 bytes, checksum: 0870a0dee1d35604d39e39a3d4d077e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-16 / As transformações ocorridas nos últimos anos têm provocado inovações de ordem empresarial e organizacional, com novas formas de atuação das empresas. Nos dias de hoje, muito se discute a respeito da atuação das empresas de forma conjunta e associada, principalmente para as micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) se tornou prática fundamental para o sucesso. Dessa forma, os conceitos de redes empresariais, como aglomerados produtivos, constituem-se em importante fonte de competitividade que demanda a mobilização de todos os segmentos da sociedade. Parte-se então do pressuposto de que a constituição de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) fornece elementos que podem resultar na solução dos gargalos existentes. No Espírito Santo são verificadas algumas formações industriais que vêm sendo referência para a caracterização de possíveis APLs organizados. Estudar tais formações, fornecendo informações relevantes e identificando suas condições de competitividade sistêmica contribui para o maior conhecimento e no direcionamento de políticas de desenvolvimento. O Índice de Condições de Competitividade (ICC) buscou refletir características dos APLs selecionados, com o objetivo de diagnosticar as condições de competitividade de cada um deles utilizando, para isso, um conjunto de Fatores Críticos de Sucesso. / The occured transformations in recent years have provoked innovations in the orders enterprise and organizacional, with new forms of performance of the companies. Nowadays, much argues regarding the performance of the companies of joint form and associate, mainly for the micron and small companies if became practical basic for the success. Of this form, the concepts of enterprise ne ts, as productive accumulations, consist in important source of competitiveness that demand the mobilization of all the segments of the society. The hypothesis is that the constitution of local productive arrangements (LPAs) supplies elements that can result in the solution of the existing deficiencies. In the Espírito Santo some industrial formations are verified that come being reference for the characterization of possible LPAs organized. To study such formations, supplying excellent information and identifying its conditions of competitiveness contributes for the biggest knowledge and in the aiming of development politics. The Index of Conditions of Competitiveness (ICC) searched to reflect characteristics of the LPAs selected, with the objective to diagnosis the conditions of competitiveness of each one of them using, for this, a set of Critical Factors of Success.