O estudo consiste em analisar as diferenças do supply chain de moda entre as coleções tradicionais e o fast fashion, identificando os desafios e ações empreendidas pelas empresas têxteis que atuam no início da cadeia produtiva de moda. Tomando como base a literatura sobre as gestões da cadeia produtiva de moda e as mudanças ocorridas no mercado, identificou-se a contradição no tempo de aprovisionamento no que diz respeito às etapas de produção entre a moda tradicional e o fast fashion, termo em inglês, traduzido como moda rápida. As análises e comparações entre as gestões da cadeia produtiva de moda compreendem como esses dois sistemas atuam no mercado. Por um lado, existem as empresas de moda programada tradicional que pelo conceito e o tempo utilizado para o desenvolvimento de suas coleções funcionam como uma forma de imposição do consumo de seus produtos, já o modelo fast fashion pode ser interpretado como uma resposta do mercado consumidor. Com isso, a necessidade de diminuir o time to market para reduzir o risco exige encontrar soluções produtivas adequadas. A partir de uma revisão de literatura e de uma pesquisa exploratória, foi possível identificar como o setor têxtil, que atua no início da cadeia produtiva de moda, corresponde às diferenças de supply chain entre as coleções tradicionais e o fast fashion / This study consists on analyzing the supply chain differences between the traditional collections and the fast fashion, identifying the challenges and the undertaken actions by textile companies that act in the beginning of fashion productive chain. Taking as a base the literature on fashion productive chain management and the market changes, the contradiction on provision time was identified about the production levels between the traditional fashion and the fast fashion. The analysis and comparisons between fashion productive chain management comprehend on how theses both methods act on market. On the one hand there are the scheduled traditional fashion companies that through conception and the used time to develop their collection, it works as imposition consumption for their products, whereas the fast fashion way can be seen as the customer reply. Therewith, there is a need to reduce the time to market to decrease the risk new productive solutions must be found. From a literature review and a deep research, it was possible to identify how the textile sector, which operates at the beginning of the production chain fashion, corresponds to the supply chain differences between traditional collections and the fast fashion

Este estudo analisa os aspectos do design de lojas de varejo de moda por meio de variáveis tangíveis presentes nos espaços da rede de varejo do vestuário do modelo fast fashion. O modelo fast fashion vem consolidando sua presença no mercado de vestuário de moda por meio de um modelo inovador no ciclo de desenvolvimento de produtos, no abastecimento das lojas e na própria distribuição por meio de lojas próprias que atendem o modelo. A questão do estudo investigou se as características do modelo se refletem no design das lojas fast fashion contribuindo para a comunicação e o modelo de oferecimento dos produtos. Na pesquisa de campo em lojas fast fashion buscou-se por meio do modelo de investigação qualitativa utilizar o método de observação direta em quatro cadeias de lojas em shopping centers e lojas em rua e sua correspondência com as características da literatura relacionada ao modelo fast fashion. Alguns resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa propõem, por exemplo, a comunicação da vitrina em conjunto com os manequins de acesso a loja comunicam lançamentos de produtos de moda para os consumidores e deste modo demonstram correspondência com fast fashion. Neste sentido, as variáveis do design presentes nas lojas de varejo, importantes elementos do ambiente que atuam individualmente ou em conjunto e assim oferecem funcionalidade para este modelo fast fashion. Este estudo aponta para abertura de novas oportunidades de investigação do design de lojas nos segmentos de varejo de moda, por meio dos levantamentos obtidos nesta pesquisa / This study analyzes the design aspects of fashion retail stores through tangible variables present in the garment retail chain of fast fashion model. The fast fashion model has consolidated its presence in the fashion apparel market through an innovative model in the product development cycle, in the supply of stores and own distribution through stores that meet the model. The study question investigated whether the characteristics of the model are reflected in the design of fast fashion stores contributing to communication and the model of offering the products. In field research in fast fashion stores sought by means of qualitative research model using the method of direct observation in four chain stores in shopping malls and stores in the street and your correspondence with the characteristics of the literature related to the fast fashion model. Some results obtained in this research, propose, for example, the communication from the showcase in conjunction with the dummies store, access communicate product sets to consumers and thus demonstrate correspondence with fast fashion. In this sense, the design variables present in retail stores, important elements of the environment that act individually or together and thus offer functionality for this fast fashion model. This study points to the opening of new opportunities for research on store design in fashion retail segments by means of surveys obtained in this research

Hållbarhet, vilket kan förklaras som en balans mellan sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska faktorer, är ett ständigt aktuellt ämne och Transparens ett relativt nytt sådant. Transparens beskrivs som den mängd information som ett företag är villig att avslöja om deras leverantörskedja. Det sägs att människor vill höra klädesplaggets historia, så som vem, var och hur det har blivit tillverkat, men trots detta är Fast Fashion fortfarande ett utbrett koncept. Fast Fashion innebär att företag prioriterar låga priser, kort leveranstid och snabbt föränderliga trender. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka om Transparens kan räknas som ett verktyg för Hållbarhet inom Fast Fashion, utifrån studenters perspektiv. Genom en kvantitativ enkät är förhoppningen att få svar på frågor om vad dessa konsumenter anser om hållbarhet och om det kopplas ihop med Transparens. Studien är menad att bidra till modeföretag med indikationer på konsumenters kunskap och åsikter om ämnet, för att ge dem en eventuell anledning att implementera Transparens i sin verksamhet. Resultaten visar på att intresse för Transparens finns hos målgruppen studenter och indikerar på att dessa ser ett samband mellan Hållbarhet och Transparens. / Sustainability, which can be explained as a balance between social, economic and ecological factors, is a constantly relevant topic and Transparency is a relatively new one. Transparency is described as the amount of information a company is willing to disclose about their supply chain. It is said that people want to hear the history of the garment, such as who, where and how it has been manufactured, but despite that, Fast Fashion is still a widespread concept. Fast Fashion means that companies prioritize low prices, short delivery times and fast-changing trends.This study aims at investigating whether Transparency can be regarded as a tool for sustainability in Fast Fashion, based on student perspectives. Through a quantitative survey, the hope is to answer questions about these consumers opinions about sustainability and if it is connected to Transparency. The study is intended to contribute to fashion companies with indications of consumer knowledge and opinions about the subject, to give them a possible reason to implement Transparency in their business. The results show that interest in Transparency is found in the target audience of students, indicating that they see a connection between Sustainability and Transparency. This paper is written in Swedish.

Bakgrund: Modeindustrin är en av de branscher som växt mest under 2000 talet vilket medfört förändringar gällande trender och strukturer på marknaden. Från att massproduktion dominerat produktionsstrategin och dess värdekedja har en dynamisk marknad med dess sporadiska efterfrågan växt fram. Som en följd har värdekedjan och produktionsstrategin utvecklats till att bli allt mer agil och flexibel. Att vara mer flexibel är dock en fråga om prioritering då det kräver resurser, pengar och tid. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och analysera hur Slow Fashion bolag arbetar med flexibilitet på en dynamisk marknad. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och är en tvärsnittsstudie med två företag som empirisk grund. Empirin har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer samt dokumentstudier. Slutsats: Studien konstaterar att flexibilitet inte är något som något av de undersökta företagen jobbar aktivt med vilket har skapat en låg lageromsättningshastighet. Flexibilitet är dock inte lika viktigt för dessa företag inom Slow Fashion då deras segment grundar sig på en betydligt stabilare efterfrågan på grund av dess långa produktlivscykler. / Flexibility on a dynamic market -  A qualitative cross-sectional study on how businesses work with flexibility on a dynamic market. This study aims to investigate how Slow Fashion companies use flexibility in their project of creating a collection to survive on a dynamic market with high volatile demand. This has been investigated by studying two Swedish fashion companies and the research questions that has been investigated is: -        How does the companies prioritize between quality, economic and time when developing a new collection? -        How does the prioritization affect the companies ability to achieve flexibility? -        How important is flexibility for a Slow Fashion company? The study is based on interviews with two persons who work at two different Slow Fashion companies. Since there is a lot of research about how Fast Fashion companies work with flexibility, the aim of the study has been to investigate how and if Slow Fashion companies does the same. The study shows that rather than focusing on time in the companies working processes, they prioritize to maintain a high-quality production while keeping the productions costs down. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the companies do not use flexibility with the ambition of launching their products to the market as quick as possible since the demand of Slow Fashion products have a longer durability than Fast Fashion company products. However, they still exist on a dynamic market that requires flexibility in other parts of the value chain. The main contribution from this study is a deeper understanding in how Slow Fashion companies work with flexibility.

ABSTRACT Title: H&M fast fashion business model in China Level: Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Yuanyuan Yang & Jun Wang Supervisor: Ernst Hollander Date: 2013-03-11   Aim: Business model have been applied to different industries, and many entrepreneurs consider a good business model to be half the success. As per our observation, there were problems existing in H&M in China, for example, quality problem, price advantage lost and so on. However, H&M still has a good sale performance in China and we believed it largely depends on its successful business model. This study aims to examine what H&M fast fashion business model is and how H&M’s business model influences its development in China in different period.   Method: The method we used consisted of research process, research approach and data collection. A qualitative research was developed in the way of interviews. Primary data was collected from the interview which we conducted with two interviewees of H&M employees from different countries and the other interviewees both work for Chinese fashion industry. Secondary data included relevant extant literature, articles and online resources. As a research tools, SWOT was used to analyze the operation of H&M in China. With the collected data and the previous analysis, the result presents H&M’s short-term, mid term and long-term development in China.   Result & Conclusion: The unique business model is the main reason H&M have such good sales performance even when they have many problems as we had observed from their retail stores in China. H&M makes good use of its supply chain and information system to ensure delivering right products to their customers in the right time and at the right place with the right price. We believe the strengths of its business model would bring a lot of benefits for H&M in short-term development and mid-term development in China. As for the long-term development, the weaknesses of its business model maybe bring some problems.   Suggestions for future research: Quality problem and supply chain pollution is important for H&M’s long term development in China. Therefore, to ensure products’ quality and supply chain management improvement could be studied in future. Moreover, since business model consisted by lots of aspects, in-depth study is necessary in order to better understand H&M business model. Last but not the least, Chinese local fast fashion industry is still on the initial stage and thus, to borrow idea from H&M’s business model to develop Chinese fast fashion industry is interesting and important to be studied in the future.   Contribution of the study: Fast fashion business model have been created based on the business model and fast fashion characteristics. Hopefully, it would be helpful for further study which focuses on fast fashion industry. The specific knowledge of China is able to compensate the situation that most studies are focus on developed countries.   Key words: fast fashion in China, H&M in China, clothing industry, fast fashion business model, China

Klädindustrin har förändrats betydligt de senaste 30 åren. Detta har lett till nya affärsmodeller som bygger på trendigt, billigt och snabbt mode. Dessa affärskoncept benämns fast fashion och i Sverige finns kedjeföretagen H & M, Lindex och Gina Tricot för att nämna några. Konceptet uppmanar konsumenter till att ständigt konsumera kläder som därmed stimulerar konsumenternas behov av att bära det senaste modet till ett rimligt pris. Detta beteende får i längden konsekvenser för miljön vilket leder till att media och samhällsaktörer ifrågasätter dessa affärsmodeller. Kedjeföretagen förhåller sig till detta genom att ta in ekologiska produkter i sortimentet som en del av deras hållbarhetsarbete. Den stora frågan är då hur konsumenterna uppfattar detta eftersom de handlar hos kedjeföretagen, för att tillfredsställa behovet av att bära något nytt och trendigt till ett bra pris. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur konsumenter uppfattar det ekologiska sortimentet hos fast fashion företag, med tanke på att begreppet, i praktiken såväl som i tanken, strider mot ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. Detta undersöks via en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning som sedan fördjupas i en kvalitativ metod, genom en aktiv deltagande observation. Därmed undersöks konsumenternas attityder till ekologiska produkter i fast fashion företagen. Enkätundersökningen syftar även till att besvara hur konsumenterna förhåller sig till ekologiska produkter i fråga om pris, design och kvalité. Dessutom användes en passiv observation, för att se hur ett fast fashion företag kommunicerar det ekologiska sortimentet i butik. Den slutsats som framkom var att konsumenterna hos fast fashion företag prioriterade andra faktorer före ekologiskt framställda kläder samtidigt som fast fashion företaget som undersökts i studien inte alls kommunicerar de ekologiska kläderna. Detta kan därmed tolkas som ett imageproblem ut mot kund. I och med att företagen arbetar med ett hållbarhetsperspektiv som dock kommunicerades ytterst lite. / Apparel industry has changed significantly during the last 30 years. This has led to new business models based on trendy, cheap and fast fashion. H & M, Lindex and Gina Tricot are some Swedish supply chain retailers with a fast fashion concept. The concept encourages consumers to constantly consume clothing and stimulates the need of consumers to wear the latest fashion at a reasonable price. This behaviour has a long-term impact on the environment, which has led to companies wanting to be more responsible. The companies need to take more responsibility to avoid media and stakeholders from questioning their business models. Retail chain companies have started to produce organic products to meet their expectations. The big question is how the consumers perceive this, considering that the customers want to satisfy their needs to wear something new, trendy and cheap. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how consumers perceive organic products in fast fashion companies, given that the concept, in practice as well as in thought, is contrary to a sustainability perspective. This was examined through a quantitative method in the form of a survey and for an in-depth examination through a participant observation, to study consumer attitudes to sustainable products in the fast fashion companies. It also had examined how a fast fashion company communicates their organic products in their store through a passive observation. The conclusion that emerged was that fast fashion consumers prioritize other factors like price, design and quality over sustainability when they shop. This study indicates that the fast fashion company does not communicate their organic products actively to their customers. This can be interpreted as a defensive marketing to avoid problems with their image out to the customers. Since companies are working with a sustainability perspective but does not communicate this to the customers.

Este estudo analisa os aspectos do design de lojas de varejo de moda por meio de variáveis tangíveis presentes nos espaços da rede de varejo do vestuário do modelo fast fashion. O modelo fast fashion vem consolidando sua presença no mercado de vestuário de moda por meio de um modelo inovador no ciclo de desenvolvimento de produtos, no abastecimento das lojas e na própria distribuição por meio de lojas próprias que atendem o modelo. A questão do estudo investigou se as características do modelo se refletem no design das lojas fast fashion contribuindo para a comunicação e o modelo de oferecimento dos produtos. Na pesquisa de campo em lojas fast fashion buscou-se por meio do modelo de investigação qualitativa utilizar o método de observação direta em quatro cadeias de lojas em shopping centers e lojas em rua e sua correspondência com as características da literatura relacionada ao modelo fast fashion. Alguns resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa propõem, por exemplo, a comunicação da vitrina em conjunto com os manequins de acesso a loja comunicam lançamentos de produtos de moda para os consumidores e deste modo demonstram correspondência com fast fashion. Neste sentido, as variáveis do design presentes nas lojas de varejo, importantes elementos do ambiente que atuam individualmente ou em conjunto e assim oferecem funcionalidade para este modelo fast fashion. Este estudo aponta para abertura de novas oportunidades de investigação do design de lojas nos segmentos de varejo de moda, por meio dos levantamentos obtidos nesta pesquisa / This study analyzes the design aspects of fashion retail stores through tangible variables present in the garment retail chain of fast fashion model. The fast fashion model has consolidated its presence in the fashion apparel market through an innovative model in the product development cycle, in the supply of stores and own distribution through stores that meet the model. The study question investigated whether the characteristics of the model are reflected in the design of fast fashion stores contributing to communication and the model of offering the products. In field research in fast fashion stores sought by means of qualitative research model using the method of direct observation in four chain stores in shopping malls and stores in the street and your correspondence with the characteristics of the literature related to the fast fashion model. Some results obtained in this research, propose, for example, the communication from the showcase in conjunction with the dummies store, access communicate product sets to consumers and thus demonstrate correspondence with fast fashion. In this sense, the design variables present in retail stores, important elements of the environment that act individually or together and thus offer functionality for this fast fashion model. This study points to the opening of new opportunities for research on store design in fashion retail segments by means of surveys obtained in this research

O estudo consiste em analisar as diferenças do supply chain de moda entre as coleções tradicionais e o fast fashion, identificando os desafios e ações empreendidas pelas empresas têxteis que atuam no início da cadeia produtiva de moda. Tomando como base a literatura sobre as gestões da cadeia produtiva de moda e as mudanças ocorridas no mercado, identificou-se a contradição no tempo de aprovisionamento no que diz respeito às etapas de produção entre a moda tradicional e o fast fashion, termo em inglês, traduzido como moda rápida. As análises e comparações entre as gestões da cadeia produtiva de moda compreendem como esses dois sistemas atuam no mercado. Por um lado, existem as empresas de moda programada tradicional que pelo conceito e o tempo utilizado para o desenvolvimento de suas coleções funcionam como uma forma de imposição do consumo de seus produtos, já o modelo fast fashion pode ser interpretado como uma resposta do mercado consumidor. Com isso, a necessidade de diminuir o time to market para reduzir o risco exige encontrar soluções produtivas adequadas. A partir de uma revisão de literatura e de uma pesquisa exploratória, foi possível identificar como o setor têxtil, que atua no início da cadeia produtiva de moda, corresponde às diferenças de supply chain entre as coleções tradicionais e o fast fashion / This study consists on analyzing the supply chain differences between the traditional collections and the fast fashion, identifying the challenges and the undertaken actions by textile companies that act in the beginning of fashion productive chain. Taking as a base the literature on fashion productive chain management and the market changes, the contradiction on provision time was identified about the production levels between the traditional fashion and the fast fashion. The analysis and comparisons between fashion productive chain management comprehend on how theses both methods act on market. On the one hand there are the scheduled traditional fashion companies that through conception and the used time to develop their collection, it works as imposition consumption for their products, whereas the fast fashion way can be seen as the customer reply. Therewith, there is a need to reduce the time to market to decrease the risk new productive solutions must be found. From a literature review and a deep research, it was possible to identify how the textile sector, which operates at the beginning of the production chain fashion, corresponds to the supply chain differences between traditional collections and the fast fashion

A presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo em torno do cross-branding, parceria entre duas ou mais marcas a fim de lançarem um produto e/ou serviço, e da cocriação de coleções no varejo de moda brasileiro. O cross-branding vem sendo bastante utilizado no mercado e é uma das ferramentas de marketing em evidência. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é identificar - a partir de uma discussão em torno do fast-fashion e da moda como resultado da expressão contemporânea - como se dá a estratégia do cross-branding, bem como suas influências no desenvolvimento de coleções. O trabalho é realizado a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica em torno da história da indústria da moda, conceitos em desenvolvimento de produtos, reflexões sobre inovação, cocriação e o varejo atual. Foi possível discutir não só como se dá o cross-branding, como também os reflexos advindos da utilização da estratégia no varejo de moda. Foram realizados estudos de casos das coleções cápsulas das lojas de departamento C&A e Riachuelo, frutos de cross-brandings com marcas e estilistas brasileiros. / This research presents a study about the cross-branding, partnership between two or more brands willing to launch a product and / or service, and the co-creation of collections in brazilian fashion retail. The cross-branding has been often used in the fashion market and is one of the marketing strategies in evidence. The goal is to identify, from a discussion about fast-fashion and fashion as a result of contemporary expression, how is the strategy of cross-branding as well as their influences on the development of fashion collections. The work is done from a literature review about the history of the fashion industry, product development concepts, reflections on innovation, co-creation and nowadays retail. It was possible to discuss how the crossbranding works, as well as the reflections arising from the use of strategy in fashion retail. Case studies of capsule collections of department stores, as Riachuelo and C&A, the result of cross-brandings with Brazilian designers and brands, have been conducted.

Konsumtionen av fast fashion-kläder har ökat och bidrar till en negativ påverkan på klimatet. EU-kommissionen har därför lagt fram strategin hållbara och cirkulära textilier som syftar till att göra fast fashion omodernt fram tills 2030. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga och analysera den svenska marknaden för fast fashion genom Structure-Conduct-Performance-modellen, samt att analysera marknadens framtid med och utan EU:s strategi i åtanke. Uppsatsen tillämpar en kombination av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. En viktig aspekt av metoden är att samla in empirisk data genom att utnyttja relevant information, statistik, akademiska rapporter och andra analyser från sekundära källor. Dessa metoder används för att beskriva fast fashion-marknaden och uppnå uppsatsens syfte. Marknadsanalysen utifrån SCP-modellen visar att marknaden har få regleringar som påverkar den direkt. Majoriteten av konsumenterna på marknaden är yngre kvinnor. På marknaden finns företag med både stabila och volatila samt positiva såväl som negativa vinstmarginaler. Samtliga företag strävar efter att effektivisera sitt produktionsled för att kunna anpassa sig till de senaste modetrenderna.  Sammantaget kommer implementeringen av EU:s strategi att ha en betydande påverkan på framtiden för fast fashion-marknaden. Det är viktigt att notera att vinstmarginalen är den enda variabeln som inte kommer att förändras oavsett om EU:s strategi implementeras eller inte. Däremot kommer övriga aspekter av marknaden att se annorlunda ut beroende på strategins införande. / The consumption of fast fashion-clothing has increased and contributes to a negative impact on the climate. The European Commission has presented the Sustainable and Circular Textiles Strategy, which aims to make fast fashion obsolete by 2030. The purpose of the paper is to map and analyze the Swedish market for fast fashion through the Structure-Conduct-Performance model, and to analyze the future of the market with and without the EU strategy in mind. The paper applies a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology. An important aspect of the methodology is to collect empirical data by utilizing relevant information, statistics, academic reports and other analysis from secondary sources. These methods are used to describe the fast fashion market and achieve the purpose of the thesis.  The market analysis based on the SCP model shows that the market has few regulations that affect it directly. The market includes companies with profit margins that can be both stable and volatile. All companies strive to streamline their production process in order to adapt to the latest fashion trends in time.  Overall, the implementation of the EU strategy will have a significant impact on the future of the fast fashion-market. It is important to note that the profit margin is the only variable that will not change whether the EU strategy is implemented or not. However, other aspects of the market will look different depending on the implementation of the strategy.