Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / Tratando de resolver las interrogantes planteadas, respecto de por qué no podemos considerar a la compraventa de cosa ajena como una venta dolosa de bienes de otro, nos encontramos con que la venta de cosas ajenas era totalmente válida, ya que, a pesar de no estar literalmente planteado, era subsumible de las obligaciones que el propio contrato establecía para el vendedor, es así como nos lo indica el Digesto, que señala: “El vendedor consciente de vender cosa ajena no comete furtum al cobrar el precio”(D.47.2.52.17) Sin embargo, en nuestra consideración, no podemos abordar estas obligaciones, sin antes hablar de los contratos, es así como en el capítulo segundo lo señalamos, vemos las principales categorías, abordamos la buena fe, las acciones que de ella emanan para más adelante en el capitulo tres fijarnos en el específico contrato de compraventa, sus orígenes, elementos, características, etc; luego en el capítulo cuatro recurrimos a la responsabilidad en el periodo clásico y los tipos de ella existentes. Por último y revisados los otros elementos necesarios para interpretar lo que sigue, abordamos la obligación de entrega, de custodia, las garantías y vicios de que responde el vendedor. Al finalizar quisiera señalar que para la realización de esta memoria, se consultaron las más diversas fuentes jurídicas, tanto directas como indirectas, de las primeras preferentemente el Cuerpo de Derecho Civil de Justiniano, existiendo mas de ochenta citas textuales de él, con otras tantas de autores contemporáneos.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El notario es un profesional que el Estado inviste como ministro de fe pública, cuya labor consiste en autentificar actos jurídicos, generando y resguardando la certeza jurídica. El propósito de este trabajo es realizar un análisis crítico del diseño institucional de la notaría chilena. Nos preguntamos en qué medida su caracterización es adecuada y eficiente para la provisión de certeza jurídica que tiene como propósito. Para eso, primero describimos en detalle su marco jurídico: las notarías son una actividad económica privada regulada y fiscalizada, por su significación pública; el notario es un profesional independiente pero nombrado y vigilado por el Estado, el cual también determina el mercado en que opera. En segundo lugar y en base a ello, desarrollamos los objetivos que el legislador persigue. Identificamos los beneficios y costos que integra este diseño, formando una inecuación que representa su cálculo ponderado. Esta ineacuación señala, a grandes rasgos, que la notaría chilena descansa en la siguiente ponderación: por medio de la provisión por un privado de esta función pública, ganamos en una cobertura adecuada, beneficio social directo, ahorro fiscal y la elección de sujetos idóneos para desempeñar el oficio, mientras que soportamos los costos respectivos de gasto en fiscalización, un sistema desintegrado y el riesgo de arbitrariedades. En tercer lugar, nos preguntamos críticamente por lo correcta que sea tal ponderación de beneficios y costos: ¿puede afirmarse que los supuestos del legislador se despliegan en la realidad? Mediante un análisis funcional, notamos que hay beneficios sobrevalorados y perjuicios subvalorados. Así, concluimos que el modelo de la notaría chilena carga con un importante déficit de diseño.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22454号 / 工博第4715号 / 新制||工||1736(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 松原 誠二郎, 教授 杉野目 道紀, 教授 中尾 佳亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

El presente trabajo de investigación, parte de la necesidad y falencia de la vivencia de la fe en la Eucaristía en estudiantes de secundaria. Esta necesidad recae en el conocimiento y actitudes en torno a Jesús Eucaristía. Ante esta problemática, se planteó el siguiente objetivo general: Diagnosticar la vivencia de la fe en la eucaristía en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de una institución educativa de Mórrope, 2019 y los objetivos específicos: Fundamentar teóricamente la variable de estudio, vivencia de la fe en la Eucaristía en estudiantes de educación secundaria. Identificar las características de la vivencia de la fe en la eucaristía en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de una institución educativa de Mórrope, 2019. Analizar las características de la vivencia de la fe en la eucaristía en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de una institución educativa de Mórrope, 2019. Los fundamentos teóricos utilizados, estarán fundamentados en la Sagrada Escritura y en la Sagrada Tradición. Por último, se concluyó que es necesario fomentar adecuadamente la vivencia de la fe en la Eucaristía a través de acciones futuras.

Introduction: Concussions in American Football are of a major concern due to highly reported injury rates. The importance of properly designed helmets have shown effect in reducing the risk of injuries, such as skull fractures. However, they are not as effective in reducing the risk of concussion. Helmets designed are required to pass standards and regulations for them to be allowed within the football leagues. The current test methods evaluate linear impacts, but lack evaluations of oblique impacts which are believed to cause concussions. Several test methods have been suggested, but little is known regarding how they compare. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare three different test methods for evaluating helmet performance, utilizing finite element simulation. Three different helmet models were used for comparison, evaluating head kinematics. The helmet models were additionally ranked from best to worst based on their performances. Method: Three test methods, linear impactor, 45° angled linear impactor, and a drop test onto a 45° angled plate were simulated with three different open source helmet models. Simulations were conducted with one impact velocity at three impact locations. The influence of the interaction between helmet and head was also evaluated by altering the friction coefficient. Results: The test methods showed different results depending on helmet models, impact locations, and kinematics evaluated. Similarly, rankings of the helmets were varied based on methods and impact location. Little difference was observed after lowering the friction coefficient in majority of cases. The linear and angular acceleration for the drop side impact were mostly affected. Conclusion: Further evaluations of the test methods and comparison to real impacts is required to evaluate what method resembles head impacts best. Lowered friction coefficient had an effect for the drop impacts, but minor effect for other test methods

Finite element models have the potential to accurately represent the pediatric body, both from the anatomical and topological point of view. They can describe changes in size and shape as well as changes in the biomechanical properties. Starting from the PIPER human body model, whose baseline represents the anatomy of a 6 years old child, a family of five models between the age of 2 and 6 was created with the purpose of investigating how the body reacts to a traumatic impact. To create these models, a detailed knowledge of pediatric biomechanics was needed, so a deep literature research was performed to characterize all the human body tissues with age-related material properties. Then, an environment model was chosen to investigate how injuries are related to the age of the subject. Since car crashes are a leading cause of death among children, a car accident was simulated to reach the aim of the project. The anatomical and biomechanical scaling process, as well as the positioning of the child in the environment model, were performed with the PIPER tools, while simulations were run with Ls-Dyna. From the literature, age-dependent material properties were found for almost all the tissues of the human body, allowing the development of a detailed pediatric FE model. Then, biomechanical injury predictors, such as the brain strain, the skull acceleration, the chest displacement, the lung pressure and the Von Mises stress in the limbs, were extracted from the simulations to evaluate how injuries changes with the age. The head showed to be the body segment most affected by the age, with an increasing injury severity with the decreasing of the age. Moreover, it was observed that the probability of bone fractures increases for higher bone stiffness.

Outer membrane cytochromes OmcB and OmcS of Geobacter sulfurreducens are two important components of the respiratory chain for extracellular Fe(III) reduction. OmcS is a loosely bound cell surface protein involved in the reduction of insoluble Fe(III). OmcB is an outer membrane protein and required for insoluble and soluble Fe(III) reduction. The objective of this study was to understand better the mechanism of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction, focusing on the cell surface proteins by further localization, identification of protein-protein interactions, and biochemical characterization of OmcB and OmcS. OmcB was found to be surface-exposed but embedded in the outer membrane because mild protease treatment of cells resulted in partial degradation of OmcB. Removal of surface-exposed proteins inhibited Fe(III) reduction, which is at least partially due to the degradation of OmcB. Co-immunoprecipitation studies with outer surface proteins using an antibody against OmcS revealed that OmcS interacts with several proteins, of which some are implicated in Fe(III) reduction, such as PilA, OmpJ, and OmpB, and in electricity production, such as OmcZ. Other OmcS-associated proteins, which have not been studied, include a cytochrome (GSU2887), a hypothetical and a conserved hypothetical protein, and a putative protease with a PDZ domain. The results suggest that co-immunoprecipitation with other antibodies would help to identify more elements of electron transport pathways related to extracellular Fe(III) reduction. OmcB was purified via preparative sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular mass was determined as 82 kDa, and 11.5 hemes per molecule were found. OmcB was able to transfer electrons to either soluble or insoluble Fe(III). OmcS was purified by detergent extraction. The molecular mass was 47 kDa and it contains 6 heme groups. UV-visible, EPR, and NMR spectroscopies determined that all hemes are bis-histidyl hexacoordinated and low-spin in both oxidized and reduced forms. OmcS has a –212 mV midpoint redox potential, and donates electrons to soluble and insoluble metals and quinones. Transient state kinetics showed that OmcS reduces anthroquinone-2, 6-disulfonate 10 times faster than it reduces Fe(III) citrate. This study revealed valuable further details about the mechanism of Fe(III) reduction by G. sulfurreducens by identifying the localization, protein-protein interactions and biochemical characteristics of the components of extracellular electron transport.

<p> The effect of chromium on the activity coefficient of sulphur in the ternary system Fe-S-Cr has been investigated over an extended range of temperature and chromium concentrations. A levitation-melting technique was used and H2-H2S gas mixtures were passed over levitated droplets of iron and iron-chromium alloys. By comparing the experimental results obtained for both binary and ternary systems the effect of chromium on the activity coefficient of sulphur was derived in terms of first order free energy, enthalpy and entropy coefficients. Thermal diffusion effects were cancelled out by carrying out binary and ternary runs under the same experimental conditions.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

<p> This thesis is concerned with the determination of the thermodynamics of the Fe-V-O system. </p> <p> In the first part the thermodynamics of liquid Fe-V-O alloys were studied in the temperature range of 1550-1700ºC using H₂O/H₂ equilibrium and/or an oxygen probe. 1st and 2nd order interaction parameters between V and O were determined, and the deoxidation reactions occurring when V is used as a deoxidizer were studied. Deoxidation diagrams are presented for V concentrations up to 12 wt. %. </p> <p> In the second part the thermodynamic equilibria between the lower oxides of vanadium (V - VO₀ٜ₂₋ₓ, VO₀ٜ₂₊ₓ - VO₁₋ᵧ, VO₁₊ᵧ - VO₁ٜ₅) were determined in the range 800-1400ºC using a solid state EMF technique, and the free energy of the formation of the oxides VO₀ٜ₂₊₍₋₎ₓ, VO₁₊₍₋₎ᵧ, VO₁ٜ₅ was estimated. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Experiments were carried out on the solidification of iron-manganese alloys containing sulphur and carbon. The alloys were solidified under controlled conditions in a travelling furnace constructed especially for the investigation. Qualitative and quantitative metallography and electron-probe microanalysis were used to determine the solidification structure, dendrite arm spacings, solute concentration profiles and inclusion compositions. The results were interpreted in the light of existing knowledge and concepts especially developed for the purpose of this investigation. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)