The flexural performance of composite systems made of reinforced concrete, Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) and adhesives was studied during the current research. The experimental investigation was principally concentrated on the potential use of Kevlar® 49 (aramid fibre) for RC beam strengthening. The main aims of research have been; (a) to investigate the relative merits of using Aramids in comparison to other FRPs, (b) strength optimisation of systems to prevent excessive losses of ductility, (c) to examine the failure mode and crack patterns, together with salient strength factors at ultimate limit state and (d) to carry out analytical modelling using a commercial FE package. The experimental investigation comprised of testing 55 simply supported RC beams of either 1.5m or 2.6m length. In addition to the parametric studies included in points (a)-(d) above (to assess the section characteristics), further experimentation was conducted to investigate the beam performance by varying the factors of; (e) beam shear span, (f) FRP anchorage length, (g) concrete surface preparation, (h) FRP end-anchoring, (i) beam precracking, (j) introduction of air-voids within the bond line of FRP/concrete, (k) influence of cyclic loading and, (1) exposure to aggressive environment. The results from current tests confirm elements of reports from other researchers (by thorough review of literature) that all FRPs have great potential for flexural strengthening of RC members. This is valid even in cases where additional environmental degradation and/or cracking (due to serviceability loads), had taken place. Aramid fibres were found to result in favourable outcomes concerning both strength and ductility enhancements. It was determined, both from experiments and non-linear modelling, that the amount of FRP fibre content is an important factor in every strengthening application. Experimentation showed that depending on the existing condition of the structure (concrete strength, internal reinforcement ratio, section dimensions, degradation level and load configuration), there seems to be a unique level of optimum fibre content. The FRP levels in excess of the optimum were seen to lead to premature brittle tearing-off failure modes. It was also found that to prevent premature beam failure (due to incompatibility of stress at concrete and FRP interface), a maximum possible anchorage length should be considered in order to deliver an optimum section performance. The results from the analytical modelling indicated a most satisfactory agreement with the experimental data after the initial mechanical properties were calibrated. It was found that actual representation of material properties (e.g. steel constitutive law) are of great significance, for an accurate modelling of RC element loaded behaviour. The bond developed between the FRP and concrete is one of the key parameters for achieving good performance of the systems. It was determined that concrete surface preparation and priming is beneficial, while the introduction of air-voids due to poor workmanship can reduce the section load bearing capabilities. Cyclic loading on FRP strengthened sections was found to curtail the full rotational capacity utilisation of the beam. However, even the above mentioned curtailed behaviour was more advantageous than cyclically loaded beam performance without FRP strengthening.

L’objectif de ce travail est de proposer une méthodologie simple pour évaluer l’intégrité et la durée de vie d’échangeurs thermiques soudés. Une approche à deux échelles est proposée. Une description macroscopique avec la prise en compte de la structure de l’échangeur est menée pour permettre des calculs thermoélastiques par éléments finis. La réponse mécanique de l’échangeur pour deschargements thermiques, cycliques, simples est évaluée. Notamment, les zones de concentration decontraintes sont repérées. A partir cette étude, une étude micromécanique du comportement dumatériau composant l’échangeur est menée. Le matériau considéré est un acier 316L. Soncomportement élastoplastique est identifié avec un écrouissage isotrope et cinématique. La tenuemécanique pour des chargements en fatigue oligocyclique est évaluée à l’aide d’un dispositif deflexion 4 points alternée et un critère de Manson-Coffin est identifié. Ce critère est utilisé pour évaluerle nombre de cycle admissible par l’échangeur pour une amplitude de chargement donnée. Pour cela,la déformation plastique attendue dans l’échangeur est évaluée à partir d’une équivalence en énergieaux endroits où la contrainte se concentre. Les prédictions du modèle ont été comparées de manièresatisfaisante avec les résultats expérimentaux menés sur un échangeur test, pour la réponsethermoélastique que pour l’évaluation du nombre de cycles à rupture. / This study proposes a simple methodology to estimate the mechanical response and lifetime of weldedheat exchangers subjected to thermal loadings. The structure of the heat exchanger is modeled toestimate its mechanical response for thermal loads. Thermoelastic calculations are carried out with thefinite elements method. From these simulations, the regions where the stress concentrates areidentified. Then, a micromechanics approach is adopted to identify the material’s elastic plasticresponse with isotropic and kinematic hardening. Its durability under oligocyclic fatigue isinvestigated with an original 4 points alternate bending.d vice. From these experiments, a Manson-Coffin criterion is identified. This criterion is used to estimate the heat exchangers lifetime in terms ofmaximum cycles for thermal loadings with different magnitude. To this end, the plastic deformation isestimated from the macroscopic calculation with an energy equivalence between the thermoelasticcalculation and the non linear one. The predictions are found in agreement with experimental datacarried out on test-heat exchangers, for both the thermoelastic response and the number at cycles atrupture.

Potato is an important source of energy to most micronutrient malnourished affected population in South Africa. Improvements through bio-fortification can therefore enhance access to essential micronutrients. The study was aimed at determining the level of variability of iron and zinc concentration among 20 potato genotypes as a preliminary step for future breeding program. The materials were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Statistical analysis indicated significant (P<0.001) variation of Fe and Zn among the genotypes. The average concentration ranges from 34.67 to 76.67 mg kg-1 and 12.88 to 66.1 mg kg-1 for iron and zinc respectively. The best performing genotypes were cultivar Mnandi, Hertha, Buffelspoort and breeding lines-N105-1, 00-S100-33 and 03-627-50. Iron concentration was positively correlated with Zinc concentration. The study showed that enough variability of Fe and Zn concentration exist among the evaluated genotypes, which can be exploited for use in potato bio-fortification breeding programme. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M.Sc. (Agriculture)

A presente dissertação se propõe a fazer uma análise do contrato de trabalho atual e de como a crise da pós-modernidade e os modos de produção adotados pela sociedade pós-industrial o afetaram. Será realizada uma revisão histórica do contrato de trabalho, bem como, uma investigação das teorias acerca de sua natureza jurídica, dedicando-se especial atenção à teoria comunitário-pessoal da relação de trabalho. O contrato de trabalho e suas características serão objeto de estudo, com especial atenção às críticas atuais ao instituto, a partir das quais será realizada uma comparação entre ele e os contratos civilistas e consumeristas. Analisadas as particularidades dos chamados contratos pós-modernos e a proposta de reconstrução dogmática elaborada por Maria do Rosário Palma Ramalho, será sugerida uma configuração diferente do contrato de trabalho clássico apoiada na boa-fé e a partir das concepções existencial, relacional e fraterna do contrato. A aplicação da boa-fé, sob a ótica da função social, será estudada como forma de viabilizar a noção comunitária do vínculo laboral. Analisar-se-á o conceito e a aplicabilidade das categorias contratuais existenciais e relacionais à relação de trabalho, destacando-se a possibilidade de agregá-las às características clássicas do contrato laboral. A fraternidade será estudada como elemento indispensável à concepção comunitária das relações de trabalho. / This dissertation aims make an analysis of the current labor agreement and how it is affected by the post-modern crisis and the production methods adopted by the post-industrial society. A historical review of the employment contract will be carried out and an investigation of the theories about its legal nature, devoting particular attention to community-personal theory of the employment relationship. The employment contract and its characteristics will be studied, with special attention to the current criticism of the institute, from which will be compared to civil law contract and consumer. Analyzed the characteristics of so-called postmodern contracts and the proposed dogmatic reconstruction drafted by Maria do Rosário Palma Ramalho, will be a suggested different configuration of the standard employment contract with emphasis on good faith and from the existential concepts, relational and fraternal contract. The application of good faith from the perspective of social function, will be studied as a way to enable the community concept of employment. It will analyze the concept and applicability of existential and relational categories contractual employment relationship, especially the ability to aggregate them to the classic characteristics of the labor contract. It will examine the fraternity as an essential element to the community conception of labor relations.

[pt] A presente dissertação trata do anúncio e práxis do Reino de Deus, com a finalidade de perceber os elementos escatológicos da temática, presentes no pensamento de Edward Schillebeeckx, contidos na obra Jesus, a história de um vivente, além de outras obras do autor e de outros autores em diálogo com ele. A metodologia adotada é a da revisão bibliográfica, e os pontos de relevância são o anúncio, a práxis do Reino, e a percepção dos elementos escatológicos destacados por Schillebeeckx. Jesus anunciou o Reino de Deus, por meio das bem-aventuranças, parábolas e a reinterpretação da Lei mosaica a favor dos pobres, trazendo de Deus a ajuda salvadora para a humanidade. Se as bem-aventuranças são o programa de vida do Reino, as parábolas são sua ilustração vital, e todas elas se referem ao próprio Jesus, que é, em pessoa, o Reino de Deus. Consequente do anúncio, a práxis do Reino em Jesus se verifica em suas atitudes de cura e libertação do mal, revelando a compaixão e misericórdia de Deus. O anúncio e práxis do Reino geram a comunidade de discípulos, que, após a morte e ressurreição de Jesus, na força do Espírito Santo, dá continuidade à sua missão na história. Com Jesus, o Profeta escatológico, o Reino de Deus se aproxima da humanidade e realiza já o que ainda há de ser plenamente experimentado no futuro escatológico de Deus. / [en] This dissertation deals with the proclamation and praxis of the God s Kingdom, in order to realize the eschatological elements of the theme, present in the thought of Edward Schillebeeckx, contained in the book Jesus, the story of a living, and other works by the author and other authors in dialogue with him. The methodology adopted is the literature review, and the points of relevance are the announcement, the praxis of the kingdom, and the perception of the eschatological elements highlighted by Schillebeeckx. Jesus proclaimed the Kingdom of God, through the Beatitudes, parables and the reinterpretation of the Mosaic Law for the poor people, bringing God s saving help for Humanity. If the beatitudes are the life program of the kingdom, the parables are a vital illustration, and they all refer to Jesus himself, who is, himself, the kingdom of God. Subsequent announcement, the praxis of the kingdom in Jesus is found in their attitude healing and deliverance from evil, revealing the compassion and mercy of God. The announcement and praxis of the kingdom generate a community of disciples who, after the death and resurrection of Jesus, in the power of the Holy Spirit, continues His mission in history. With Jesus, the eschatological prophet, God s Kingdom is approaching humanity and accomplishes what has yet to be fully experienced in the eschatological future of God.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-21T14:11:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRDC.pdf: 7324446 bytes, checksum: 5e04b539c5f14da2f1e2fb0184498eb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:26:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRDC.pdf: 7324446 bytes, checksum: 5e04b539c5f14da2f1e2fb0184498eb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:26:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRDC.pdf: 7324446 bytes, checksum: 5e04b539c5f14da2f1e2fb0184498eb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T18:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRDC.pdf: 7324446 bytes, checksum: 5e04b539c5f14da2f1e2fb0184498eb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / Não recebi financiamento / The homogenizing heat treatment of aluminium billets has direct influence on extrusion process productivity, surface quality and mechanical properties of extruded shapes. The homogenizing process parameters that impacts on metallurgical properties of 6063 alloys are: temperature, time and cooling rate. The maximum recommended homogenizing temperature for 6063 alloy is 590ºC. The minimum homogenizing time is 2,25h. The minimum cooling rate recommended is 400ºC/h. As for extrusion logs homogenizing process of 6063 6” diameter at Sapa Aluminium Brasil the furnace is a process bottleneck for logs production, this work has investigated about the possibility of time reducing without negative impacts on billet metallurgical properties and without detrimental impacts on productivity of extrusion process and quality of its products. This investigation was done by billet metallographic analysis, cold and hot mechanical tests and extrusion/anodizing trials for different homogenizing time conditions. The results have shown that the time reducing did not cause negative impacts for metallurgical neither for mechanical properties and because of that no detrimental effects for extrusion performance and surface finish and anodized quality was observed. Hence, was possible to decrease 20 minutes on homogenizing time and gain 14,5% of productivity on heat treatment process. / O tratamento térmico de homogeneização de tarugos de alumínio tem influência direta na produtividade do processo de extrusão, na qualidade superficial e nas propriedades mecânicas dos perfis extrudados. As variáveis do tratamento térmico da liga 6063 que influem na qualidade metalúrgica são: temperatura, tempo e taxa de resfriamento. Para liga 6063, a máxima temperatura recomendada de homogeneização é de 590ºC. O tempo mínimo para a homogeneização é de 2,25h. A taxa de resfriamento mínima recomendada é 400ºC/h. Como para o tratamento térmico de tarugos de 6” há um gargalo no forno de homogeneização da Sapa Aluminium Brasil, investigouse neste trabalho possibilidades de redução de tempo no processo de homogeneização evitando impactos negativos na qualidade metalúrgica dos tarugos e/ou na performance dos tarugos no processo de extrusão. Tal investigação foi feita através de análises metalográficas, ensaios mecânicos a frio (dureza e tração) e a quente (torção) e testes práticos no processo de extrusão/anodização para amostras retiradas de tarugos homogeneizados em diferentes condições de tempo de homogeneização. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a redução no tempo de homogeneização não impactou negativamente na qualidade metalúrgica dos tarugos e nem em suas propriedades mecânicas a frio e que as pequenas variações ocorridas mantiveram-se dentro dos limites de especificação e não reduziram a performance do processo de extrusão bem como as propriedades mecânicas e qualidade superficial dos perfis extrudados. Com isso, foi possível reduzir 20 minutos no tempo de tratamento térmico de homogeneização e gerar um ganho de produtividade de 14,5% no processo.

This article provides a different approach to the debated issue of the criterion of solution of what has come to be called “property not registered vs. embargo registered”. In it, it argues that all the solutions that has been raised (even the adopted as “binding precedent” in the judgment of the Seventh Civil CassationPlenary) are based on an optical error, because they look at the embargo act of a static way, as if it were an act that creates a final situation, forgetting that the embargo is a procedural act that is not an end in itself, but is inserted into the dynamic of the execution process, a process in which the final situation occurs (the awarding of the asset under seizure to the successful bidder or creditor, that is, the acquisition of a real right). Observed, however, theembargo on the dynamic of the executive procedure, as an act that prepares the forced alienation of the asset, is postulated, as a criterion of solution to the problem, that of priority registration (that is, the contained in the first paragraph of the article 2022 of the Civil Code, but with the tempering of the appreciation of good faith), once the annotation of the embargo “reserve priority” to the act of forced alienation of the asset. / El presente trabajo pretende aportar un enfoque distinto al debatido tema del criterio de solución de lo que ha venido a llamarse “propiedad no inscrita vs. embargo inscrito”. En él, se sostiene que todas las soluciones que se han planteado (incluso la adoptada como “precedente vinculante” en la Sentencia del VII Pleno Casatorio) parten de un error de óptica, pues miran el acto del embargo de manera estática, como si se tratara de un acto que crea una situación final, olvidando así que el embargo es un acto procesal que no es fin en sí mismo, sino que se inserta en la dinámica del proceso de ejecución, proceso en el cual se produce la situación final (la adjudicación del bien embargado al postor adjudicatario o al acreedoradjudicatario, esto es, la adquisición de un derecho real). Observado, en cambio, el embargo en la dinámica del procedimiento ejecutivo, como acto que prepara la enajenación forzada del bien, se postula, como criterio de solución al problema, el de la prioridad registral (esto es, la contenida en el primer párrafo del artículo 2022 del Código Civil, pero con el atemperante de la apreciación de la buena fe), en cuanto la anotación del embargo “reserva prioridad” al acto de enajenación forzada del bien.

This work studies constitutional bases of two essential institutions of Collective Labor Law: employer’s obligation to negotiate collectively and facultative arbitration. In relation to the first one, using tools provided bythe Theory of Law, it is argued that the section 28º of Peruvian Constitution establishes a collective negotiation concept as claim (not as permission) so, employers legal obligation of collective negotiation is constitutional. In theother hand, regarding facultative arbitration, it has constitutional support on state’s obligation to promote pacific ways to labor conflicts; even though, it is questioned that a «sub constitutional» rule has restrictively regulated this institution. / En este trabajo se estudian las bases constitucionales de dos instituciones centrales del derecho colectivo del trabajo: la obligación patronal de negociar colectivamente y el arbitraje potestativo. En lo que se refiere a la primera, utilizando las herramientas que proporciona la teoría del derecho, se sostiene que el artículo 28 de la Constitución consagra una concepción de la negociación colectiva como pretensión (y no como permiso), y por tanto, que es constitucional el deber legal de los empleadores de negociar colectivamente. En cuanto al segundo, se afirma que este encuentra sustento constitucional en la obligación estatal de promover formas pacíficas de solución de los conflictos laborales, aunque se cuestiona que la normativa infraconstitucional haya regulado esta institución de forma restrictiva.

Orientadores: Lena Virginia Soares Monteiro , Roberto Perez Xavier / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T15:13:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreto_CarolinaPenteadoNatividade_M.pdf: 6364154 bytes, checksum: 08d26b0642844f0ebe0c97e4f6816d34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O depósito de óxido de ferro-cobre-ouro Bacaba, situado no Cinturão de Cisalhamento Itacaiúnas, Província Mineral de Carajás, representa um alvo satélite do depósito de classe mundial Sossego, e possivelmente também representa as porções distais e profundas do mesmo sistema hidrotermal. O depósito Bacaba localiza-se ao longo de uma zona de cisalhamento com direção WNW-ESE que define o contato entre o embasamento, representado pelo Complexo Xingu (ca. 3,0 Ga), e a unidade metavulcano-sedimentar do Supergrupo Itacaiúnas (ca. 2,76 Ga). As principais rochas hospedeiras do minério no depósito Bacaba são representadas pelo Granito Serra Dourada, Tonalito Bacaba e por corpos gabróicos, que foram intensamente afetados por alterações hidrotermais sódica (albita-escapolita), potássica, clorítica e hidrolítica. Os dados de U-Pb LA-ICP-MS em zircão de uma amostra com alteração sódica do Granito Serra Dourada forneceram a idade de 2858 ± 30 Ma (MSWD = 9,7). Três amostras do Tonalito Bacaba, sendo uma com alteração potássica e duas com alteração potássica e mineralização de Cu-Au, forneceram idades em 2997,2 ± 4,7 Ma (MSWD = 1,15), 2993,1 ± 7,1 Ma (MSWD = 1,1) e 3004,7 ± 7,8 Ma (MSWD = 2,1), respectivamente. As idades em 2,86 e ca. 3,0 Ga são interpretadas como idade de cristalização do Granito Serra Dourada e do Tonalito Bacaba, respectivamente. As estruturas internas e morfologia dos cristais de zircão de ambas as rochas, observadas em imagens de catodoluminescência e de elétrons retro-espalhados, confirmam a ocorrência de processos de recristalização, que pode ser relacionado com episódios de hidrotermalismo e/ou deformação/metamorfismo que ocorreram na Província Mineral de Carajás. Contudo, esse (s) evento (s) não pode (puderam) ser datado (s) devido à ausência de abertura total do sistema isotópico U-Pb e ausência de cristais de zircão de origem hidrotermal.O Granito Serra Dourada e o Tonalito Bacaba são as rochas graníticas mais antigas até então reconhecidas no Cinturão de Cisalhamento Itacaiúnas. A presença dessas rochas tão antigas implica na existência de um importante magmatismo anterior à instalação da Bacia de Carajás (Supergrupo Itacaiúnas), e em uma história evolutiva mais complexa para o Cinturão de Cisalhamento Itacaiúnas. As similaridades petrográficas e geocronológicas dessas intrusivas félsicas do depósito Bacaba com suítes de rochas graníticas e tonalíticas reconhecidas no Terreno Granito-Greenstone Rio Maria, porção sul da Província Mineral de Carajás, implica na ocorrência de um magmatismo de ca. 3,0 e 2,86 Ga mais amplo e extenso. O Granito Serra Dourada e o Tonalito Bacaba não poderiam ser responsáveis pelo estabelecimento do sistema magmático-hidrotermal associado com a gênese do depósito Bacaba. Isso seria improvável porque outros depósitos com características similares são hospedados por unidades metavulcano-sedimentares mais novas (2,76 Ga). Nesse contexto, os depósitos de óxido de ferro-cobre-ouro do setor sul do Cinturão de Cisalhamento Itacaiúnas devem ser controlados principalmente por importantes descontinuidades crustais, como a zona de cisalhamento regional com direção WNW-ESE, ao invés de serem associados com um litotipo particular. Esses resultados indicam alto potencial de ocorrência de depósitos de óxido de ferro-cobre-ouro nas rochas mesoarqueanas do embasamento sob a Bacia de Carajás, particularmente aquelas cortadas por zonas de cisalhamento neoarqueanas. / Abstract: The Bacaba iron oxide-copper-gold deposit, situated in the Itacaiúnas Shear Belt, Carajás Mineral Province (Brazil), represents a satellite prospect of the world-class Sossego deposit, and might also represent a distal and deeper portion of the same or related hydrothermal system. The Bacaba deposit is located along a WNW-ESE-striking shear zone that defines the contact of the basement represented by the Xingu Complex (ca. 3.0 Ga) and the metavolcanosedimentary Itacaiúnas Supergroup (ca. 2.76 Ga). The main host rocks at Bacaba deposit comprise the Serra Dourada Granite, the Bacaba Tonalite and croscutting gabbro, which were intensely affected by sodic (albite-scapolite), potassic, chloritic and hydrolytic hydrothermal alterations. The U-Pb LA-ICP-MS data for zircon from sodic altered sample of the Serra Dourada Granite yielded an 2858 ± 30 Ma (MSWD = 9.7) age. Three samples from the Bacaba Tonalite, including one with potassic alteration and two with potassic alteration and Cu-Au mineralization rendered the 2997.2 ± 4.7 Ma (MSWD = 1.15), 2993.1 ± 7.1 Ma (MSWD = 1.1) and 3004.7 ± 7.8 Ma (MSWD = 2.1) ages, respectively. The 2.86 and ca. 3.0 Ga ages are interpreted as the igneous crystallization of the Serra Dourada Granite and the Bacaba Tonalite, respectively. The internal structures and external morphologies of zircon crystal from both rocks, observed in cathodoluminescence and backscattered electron images, attested the occurrence of zircon recrystallization, which could be related to hydrothermalism and/or deformation/metamorphism episodes that took place in the Carajás Mineral Province. However, the disturbing event (s) could not be dated due to the absence of the total resetting of the U-Pb system and hydrothermal crystallization of zircon. The 2.86 Ga Serra Dourada Granite and the ca. 3.0 Ga Bacaba Tonalite are the oldest granitic rocks so far recognized in the Itacaiúnas Shear Belt. The presence of such old rocks implies in the existence of an important magmatism before the Carajás Basin (Itacaiúnas Supergroup) deposition, and in a more complex evolutionary history for the Itacaiúnas Shear Belt. The petrographical and geochronological similarities of these felsic intrusions with granitic and tonalitic rock suites recognized in the Rio Maria granite-greenstone terrane, southern part of the Carajás Mineral Province, implies in a more widespread ca. 3.0 and 2.86 Ga magmatism in the province. The Serra Dourada Granite and the Bacaba Tonalite are interpreted not to be responsible for the genesis of the Bacaba deposit. This is likely because the Sossego and other deposits interpreted as part of the same hydrothermal system are hosted by younger ca. 2.76 Ga metavolcano-sedimentary units. On this context, the iron oxide-copper-gold deposit in the southern sector of the Itacaiúnas Shear Belt could be mainly controlled by important crustal discontinuities, such as the WNW-ESEstriking regional shear zone, rather than be associated with a particular rock type. These results expand the potentiality of occurrence of iron oxide-copper-gold deposits for the Mesoarchean basement rocks underlying the Carajás Basin, particularly those crosscut by Neoarchean shear zones. / Mestrado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Mestre em Geociências

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaoraquel.pdf: 595120 bytes, checksum: eff0bba70e787ac645555be77ddd9b7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-02 / This highly bibliographical study is linked to the research line on Culture and Educational Processes in the Post-graduate Educational Program at FE-UFG. It questions the impasse generated in the ongoing formation of teachers, in which the guidelines are established by international organizations submissive to the liberal ideology. These guidelines had their origin in the operational changes of capitalism, and now respond to the demands of the theory of human capital both in what qualifies the teacher as worker, belonging to a working class, as well as the demand that the latter form his successors for the labor market. From the moment that education came to be considered an indispensable instrument in market expansion, its basis of political emancipation and personal expansion disappeared. To educate no longer means leading younger people to understand the laws of the world. According to the capitalist model, initial school education has to do with offering basic competencies which, throughout life, permit the subject to pursue his/her permanent formation which, in its turn, will allow him/her assimilate the latest knowledge and techniques demanded by the market. Caught up in the Capitalist Discourse, the teacher avoids acting subjectively as an adult responsible for the transition of young people to this world, because the founding rules of subjectivity are hidden under the false testimony that there is no law. However, linguistic laws are not subject to disguise and demand the interdiction of pleasure. This creates an impasse in the subject who hears the technoscientific discourse declare that there are no limits and therefore access to pleasure is free, but is faced with his/her own castration since s/he is unavoidably submitted to language / O presente trabalho, eminentemente bibliográfico, vincula-se à linha de pesquisa Cultura e processos educacionais do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da FE-UFG. Coloca em questão o impasse gerado na formação continuada de professores cujas diretrizes são lançadas por organizações internacionais submetidas à ideologia liberal, que, a partir das mudanças operacionalizadas no capitalismo, passam a responder às demandas da teoria do capital humano tanto no que qualifica o professor como trabalhador, pertencente a uma classe operária, quanto na exigência de que este forme seus sucessores para o mercado de trabalho. A partir do momento em que a educação passa a ser considerada como instrumento imprescindível na expansão do mercado vê-se desaparecer seus fundamentos de emancipação política e expansão pessoal. Educar já não se trata de conduzir os mais jovens em direção à compreensão das leis do mundo. Segundo o modelo capitalista, a educação escolar inicial diz respeito à oferta de competências de base que permitam ao sujeito buscar, no decorrer de sua vida, a sua formação permanente que, por sua vez, lhe propiciará incorporar os últimos conhecimentos e técnicas reclamadas pelo mercado. Capturado pelo discurso do capitalista, o professor deixa de agir subjetivamente de seu lugar de adulto, responsável pela transição dos mais jovens neste mundo, em função de que as leis fundantes da subjetividade passam a ser encobertas sob um falso testemunho de que não há lei. Contudo as leis da linguagem não são passíveis de ser dissimuladas e reclamam a interdição ao gozo. Com isso cria-se um impasse ao sujeito que ouve o anúncio do discurso tecnocientífico de que não há limite e que, portanto, o acesso ao gozo é livre, mas que se defronta com sua própria castração uma vez que inevitavelmente está submetido à linguagem